1.1、操作系统配置:
1、操作系统属性(虚拟机下环境):
(1)操作系统版本:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
(2)ip地址:
eth1:仅主机模式——172.16.1.120/24
etho:Nat模式——10.0.0.120/24
(3)核数及内存:
线程数:2核4线程=8线程
内存:8GB
(4)磁盘容量:
sda磁盘:300GB
boot分区:200MB
swap分区:8GB
/(根)分区:剩余所有容量
2、修改主机名:
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname controlnode
#关闭终端再打开,主机名就会发生改变了。
3、关闭不常用服务:
service_array=(abrt-ccpp abrt-oops abrt-vmcore abrt-xorg abrtd
auditd chronyd microcode postfix firewalld)
for ((i=0;i<${#service_array[*]};i++)); do
/usr/bin/systemctl stop ${service_array[$i]}
done
service_array=(abrt-ccpp abrt-oops abrt-vmcore abrt-xorg abrtd
auditd chronyd microcode postfix firewalld)
for ((i=0;i<${#service_array[*]};i++)); do
/usr/bin/systemctl disable ${service_array[$i]}
done
4、关闭selinux:
sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
grep "SELINUX=disabled" /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
getenforce
5、安装必备的软件:
yum install lrzsz dos2unix bash-completion nmap telnet tree wget vim net-tools ntpdate salt-minion git -y
6、配置软件的安装源:
(1)配置阿里的yum源:
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
(2)配置阿里的epel源:
yum install epel-release
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
(3)设置yum和epel源的缓存:
yum clean all
yum makecache
(4)查看系统可用的源:
yum repolist enabled
7、修改字符集:
localectl set-locale LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
source /etc/locale.conf
8、配置时间同步定时任务:
[root@localhost ~]# crontab -e
*/5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com &>/dev/null
9、配置操作系统的文件描述符:
echo '* - nofile 65535' >>/etc/security/limits.conf
ulimit -SHn 65535
ulimit -n
10、优化内核:
cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf<<EOF
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 5
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 15
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 262144
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets =5000
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 1
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 16384
EOF
sysctl -p
1.2、配置zabbix5.0的yum源:
1、说明:
zabbix 5.0 版本于 5 月 11 日正式发布,是最新的 LTS(长期支持)版本,5.0 带来很多功能和特性。
5.0 版本对基础环境的要求有大的变化,最大的就是对 php 版本的要求,最低要求 7.2.0 版本,对 php
扩展组件版本也有要求,详见官网文档
https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/manual/installation/requirements
2、安装阿里云的zabbix镜像源:
(1)安装源:
[root@controlnode ~]# rpm -ivh https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/5.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-5.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@controlnode ~]# sed -i 's#http://repo.zabbix.com#https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix#' /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
(2)启用 zabbix 前端源,修改/etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo,将[zabbix-frontend]下的 enabled 改为 1:
[zabbix-frontend]
name=Zabbix Official Repository frontend - $basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/5.0/rhel/7/$basearch/frontend
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591
(3)清除yum源之前的缓存:
[root@controlnode ~]# yum clean all
3、验证yum源:
[root@controlnode ~]# yum list | grep zabbix
1.3、安装zabbix-server、zabbix-agent、zabbix-get:
[root@controlnode ~]# yum install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-agent zabbix-get -y
1.4、安装 Software Collections,便于后续安装高版本的 php,默认 yum 安装的 php 版本为 5.4 过低:
[root@controlnode ~]# yum install centos-release-scl -y
1.5、安装 zabbix 前端和相关环境:
[root@controlnode ~]# yum install zabbix-web-mysql-scl zabbix-apache-conf-scl -y
1.6、到此zabbix相关软件安装完成,查看安装的zabbix软件:
[root@controlnode ~]# rpm -qa | grep zabbix
zabbix-server-mysql-5.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
zabbix-get-5.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
zabbix-web-mysql-scl-5.0.0-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-release-5.0-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-agent-5.0.0-1.el7.x86_64
zabbix-web-5.0.0-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-web-deps-scl-5.0.0-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-apache-conf-scl-5.0.0-1.el7.noarch
1.7、安装mariadb数据库:
1、安装:
[root@controlnode ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y
2、优化my.cnf参数:/etc/my.cnf【2核4G的配置】:
#清空/etc/my.cnf文件中的内容,复制下面全部的参数到/etc/my.cnf中:
[client]
port=3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user=mysql
port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
basedir=/usr
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
open_files_limit = 10240
symbolic-links=0
default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = on
max_connections = 1000
max_connect_errors = 6000
back_log = 600
table_open_cache = 614
skip-external-locking
max_allowed_packet = 32M
character-set-server = utf8
skip-name-resolve
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1024M
query_cache_size=16M
join_buffer_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 4M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2K
thread_stack = 192K
tmp_table_size = 64M
max_heap_table_size = 64M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 16M
key_buffer_size = 384M
server-id = 1
thread_concurrency = 4
thread_cache_size = 64
sort_buffer_size = 2M
slow_query_log = ON
long_query_time = 2
slow_query_log_file = /tmp/mysql-slow.log
innodb_thread_concurrency = 2
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
lower_case_table_names = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_write_io_threads = 2
innodb_read_io_threads = 2
sql-mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTE
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
3、启动mariadb数据库,并开机自启动:
[root@controlnode ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@controlnode ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service
[root@controlnode ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep 3306
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 17226/mysqld
4、初始化Mariadb,并配置root密码:
[root@controlnode ~]# mysql_secure_installation
#root密码为 zabbix5.0@lc
5、创建zabbix库:
[root@controlnode ~]# mysql -uroot -pzabbix5.0@lc
MariaDB [(none)]> create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@"%" identified by "zabbix5.0@lc";
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
MariaDB [(none)]> quit;
6、初始化 zabbix 数据库:
[root@controlnode ~]# zcat /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql*/create.sql.gz | mysql -uroot -pzabbix5.0@lc zabbix
#验证数据是否导入成功
[root@controlnode ~]# mysql -uroot -pzabbix5.0@lc -e "use zabbix;show tables"
1.8、修改/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf连接数据库的配置:
DBHost=127.0.0.1
DBPassword=zabbix5.0@lc
1.9、修改 zabbix 的 php 配置文件 /etc/opt/rh/rh-php72/php-fpm.d/zabbix.conf 里的时区:
php_value[date.timezone] = Asia/Shanghai
1.10、解决zabbix-web中文乱码的问题:
1、查看zabbix-web链接的字体:
[root@controlnode ~]# ls -l /etc/alternatives/zabbix-web-font
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 38 6月 16 12:59 /etc/alternatives/zabbix-web-font -> /usr/share/fonts/dejavu/DejaVuSans.ttf
2、在windows中找到需要的字体格式后上传到"/usr/share/fonts/dejavu/"目录下:
(1)在windows中查找需要的字体:
(2)将字体上传到"/usr/share/fonts/dejavu/"目录下:
[root@controlnode ~]# cd /usr/share/fonts/dejavu/
[root@controlnode dejavu]# rz -y
(3)对旧的字体备份后进行替换:
1)备份旧的字体:
[root@controlnode dejavu]# cp -a DejaVuSans.ttf DejaVuSans.ttf.bak
2)替换字体:
[root@controlnode dejavu]# \mv simkai.ttf DejaVuSans.ttf
1.11、启动zabbix相关服务并设置为开机自启动:
[root@controlnode ~]# systemctl start zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpd rh-php72-php-fpm
[root@controlnode ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-server zabbix-agent httpd rh-php72-php-fpm
1.12、在页面中配置连接:
1、访问zabbix-server的配置页面,点击下一步:
http://172.16.1.120/zabbix/setup.php
2、点击下一步:
3、配置mysql数据库地址和密码,点击下一步:
4、配置zabbixServer的连接地址和zabbixServer的名称(可选):
5、点击下一步:
6、配置完成:
7、ZabbixSever安装完成后,和ZabbixServer安装在同一台服务器的zabbixAgent在启动的情况下,会被ZabbixServer
添加为第一台主机,名为"Zabbix server"。
1.13、zabbixServer其它相关配置:
1、user settings 相关设置:
(1)调整前端网页为中文字体和网页的刷新时间:
(2)启用前端网页报警提示信息:
2、修改默认的 Web 访问URL:
[root@controlnode ~]# sed -i 's#DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"#DocumentRoot "/usr/share/zabbix"#g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
[root@controlnode ~]# systemctl restart httpd
这样就可以通过http://172.16.1.120直接访问zabbix监控页面了。
3、监控zabbixServer自身所使用的数据库:
(0)Template DB MySQL模板宏和监控项:
1)宏:
2)监控项:
(1)复制MySQL监控模板到/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/目录下:
[root@controlnode ~]# cp -a /usr/share/doc/zabbix-agent-5.0.0/userparameter_mysql.conf /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/
(2)修改MySQL监控模板内容如下所示(比原文件增加了"-uzbx_monitor -pzabbix5.0@lc"参数):
[root@controlnode ~]# cat /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/userparameter_mysql.conf
#template_db_mysql.conf created by Zabbix for "Template DB MySQL" and Zabbix 4.2
#For OS Linux: You need create .my.cnf in zabbix-agent home directory (/var/lib/zabbix by default)
#For OS Windows: You need add PATH to mysql and mysqladmin and create my.cnf in %WINDIR%\my.cnf,C:\my.cnf,BASEDIR\my.cnf https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5
.7/en/option-files.html#The file must have three strings:
#[client]
#user=zbx_monitor
#password=
#
UserParameter=mysql.ping[*], mysqladmin -h"$1" -P"$2" -uzbx_monitor -pzabbix5.0@lc ping
UserParameter=mysql.get_status_variables[*], mysql -h"$1" -P"$2" -uzbx_monitor -pzabbix5.0@lc -sNX -e "show global status"
UserParameter=mysql.version[*], mysqladmin -s -h"$1" -P"$2" -uzbx_monitor -pzabbix5.0@lc version
UserParameter=mysql.db.discovery[*], mysql -h"$1" -P"$2" -uzbx_monitor -pzabbix5.0@lc -sN -e "show databases"
UserParameter=mysql.dbsize[*], mysql -h"$1" -P"$2" -uzbx_monitor -pzabbix5.0@lc -sN -e "SELECT SUM(DATA_LENGTH + INDEX_LENGTH) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABL
ES WHERE TABLE_SCHEMA='$3'"UserParameter=mysql.replication.discovery[*], mysql -h"$1" -P"$2" -uzbx_monitor -pzabbix5.0@lc -sNX -e "show slave status"
UserParameter=mysql.slave_status[*], mysql -h"$1" -P"$2" -uzbx_monitor -pzabbix5.0@lc -sNX -e "show slave status"
(3)重启zabbix-agent:
[root@controlnode ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-agent.service
(4)找到Template DB MySQL模板,根据提示在要监控的mysql数据库上创建监控用户并赋权:
[root@controlnode ~]# mysql -uroot -pzabbix5.0@lc
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER 'zbx_monitor'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'zabbix5.0@lc';
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT USAGE,REPLICATION CLIENT,PROCESS,SHOW DATABASES,SHOW VIEW ON *.* TO 'zbx_monitor'@'%';
MariaDB [(none)]> quit;
(5)在Zabbix server主机中添加Template DB MySQL模板:
(6)修改Zabbix server主机的宏,mysql IP地址改为127.0.0.1:
(7)修改Template DB MySQL模板的自动发现时间间隔,改为1m(默认时1h),方便快速得到自动发现中的监控项,得到结果后再将时间改回来即可:
自动发现中包括,数据库使用大小的监控项和数据库主从复制监控的监控项,如果有不支持的监控项不会报警,支持的监控项如果异常会报警。
(8)查看检测mysql的最新数据:
1.14、zabbixServer优化操作:
说明:以上zabbixServer和zabbixAgent的配置参数都是默认,如果监控负载过高,对相关参数进行优化,如下:
1、/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf:
#线程-吞吐量
StartPollers=10
StartPollersUnreachable=10
StartTrappers=10
StartPingers=10
StartDiscoverers=10
StartHTTPPollers=10
StartTimers=10
StartEscalators=10
StartAlerters=10
#缓存
CacheSize=256M
CacheUpdateFrequency=60
StartDBSyncers=10
HistoryCacheSize=256M
HistoryIndexCacheSize=256M
TrendCacheSize=256M
ValueCacheSize=256M
Timeout=15
TrapperTimeout=200
2、/etc/zabbix/zabbix-agent:
#线程-吞吐量
StartAgents=10
#缓存
RefreshActiveChecks=120
BufferSend=10
BufferSize=100
Timeout=15
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