乾坤大挪移,如何将同步阻塞(sync)三方库包转换为异步非阻塞(async)模式?Python3.10实现。
阅读原文时间:2023年07月09日阅读:2

众所周知,异步并发编程可以帮助程序更好地处理阻塞操作,比如网络 IO 操作或文件 IO 操作,避免因等待这些操作完成而导致程序卡住的情况。云存储文件传输场景正好包含网络 IO 操作和文件 IO 操作,比如业内相对著名的七牛云存储,但是官方sdk的默认阻塞传输模式虽然差强人意,但未免有些循规蹈矩,不够锐意创新。在全球同性交友网站Github上找了一圈,也没有找到异步版本,那么本次我们来自己动手将同步阻塞版本改造为异步非阻塞版本,并上传至Python官方库。

首先参见七牛云官方接口文档:https://developer.qiniu.com/kodo,新建qiniu_async.py文件:

# @Author:Liu Yue (v3u.cn)
# @Software:Vscode
# @Time:2022/12/30  

import base64
import hmac
import time
from hashlib import sha1
import json
import httpx
import aiofiles  

class Qiniu:  

    def __init__(self, access_key, secret_key):
        """初始化"""
        self.__checkKey(access_key, secret_key)
        self.__access_key = access_key
        self.__secret_key = secret_key.encode('utf-8')  

    def get_access_key(self):
        return self.__access_key  

    def get_secret_key(self):
        return self.__secret_key  

    def __token(self, data):
        hashed = hmac.new(self.__secret_key,data.encode('utf-8'), sha1)
        return self.urlsafe_base64_encode(hashed.digest())  

    def token(self, data):
        return '{0}:{1}'.format(self.__access_key, self.__token(data))  

    def token_with_data(self, data):
        data = self.urlsafe_base64_encode(data)
        return '{0}:{1}:{2}'.format(
            self.__access_key, self.__token(data), data)  

    def urlsafe_base64_encode(self,data):  

        if isinstance(data, str):
            data = data.encode('utf-8')  

        ret = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(data)  

        data = ret.decode('utf-8')  

        return data  

    @staticmethod
    def __checkKey(access_key, secret_key):
        if not (access_key and secret_key):
            raise ValueError('invalid key')  

    def upload_token(
            self,
            bucket,
            key=None,
            expires=3600,
            policy=None,
            strict_policy=True):
        """生成上传凭证  

        Args:
            bucket:  上传的空间名
            key:     上传的文件名,默认为空
            expires: 上传凭证的过期时间,默认为3600s
            policy:  上传策略,默认为空  

        Returns:
            上传凭证
        """
        if bucket is None or bucket == '':
            raise ValueError('invalid bucket name')  

        scope = bucket
        if key is not None:
            scope = '{0}:{1}'.format(bucket, key)  

        args = dict(
            scope=scope,
            deadline=int(time.time()) + expires,
        )  

        return self.__upload_token(args)  

    @staticmethod
    def up_token_decode(up_token):
        up_token_list = up_token.split(':')
        ak = up_token_list[0]
        sign = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(up_token_list[1])
        decode_policy = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(up_token_list[2])
        decode_policy = decode_policy.decode('utf-8')
        dict_policy = json.loads(decode_policy)
        return ak, sign, dict_policy  

    def __upload_token(self, policy):
        data = json.dumps(policy, separators=(',', ':'))
        return self.token_with_data(data)  

    @staticmethod
    def __copy_policy(policy, to, strict_policy):
        for k, v in policy.items():
            if (not strict_policy) or k in _policy_fields:
                to[k] = v

这里有两个很关键的异步非阻塞三方库,分别是httpx和aiofiles,对应处理网络IO和文件IO阻塞问题:

pip3 install httpx
pip3 install aiofiles

随后按照文档流程通过加密方法获取文件上传token,这里无须进行异步改造,因为并不涉及IO操作:

q = Qiniu(access_key,access_secret)  

token = q.upload_token("空间名称")  

print(token)

程序返回:

➜  mydemo git:(master) ✗ /opt/homebrew/bin/python3.10 "/Users/liuyue/wodfan/work/mydemo/src/test.py"
q06bq54Ps5JLfZyP8Ax-qvByMBdu8AoIVJpMco2m:8RjIo9a4CxHM3009DwjbMxDzlU8=:eyJzY29wZSI6ImFkLWgyMTEyIiwiZGVhZGxpbmUiOjE2NzIzNjg2NTd9

接着添加文件流推送方法,先看官方原版逻辑:

def put_data(
        up_token, key, data, params=None, mime_type='application/octet-stream', check_crc=False, progress_handler=None,
        fname=None, hostscache_dir=None, metadata=None):
    """上传二进制流到七牛
    Args:
        up_token:         上传凭证
        key:              上传文件名
        data:             上传二进制流
        params:           自定义变量,规格参考 https://developer.qiniu.com/kodo/manual/vars#xvar
        mime_type:        上传数据的mimeType
        check_crc:        是否校验crc32
        progress_handler: 上传进度
        hostscache_dir:   host请求 缓存文件保存位置
        metadata:         元数据
    Returns:
        一个dict变量,类似 {"hash": "<Hash string>", "key": "<Key string>"}
        一个ResponseInfo对象
    """
    final_data = b''
    if hasattr(data, 'read'):
        while True:
            tmp_data = data.read(config._BLOCK_SIZE)
            if len(tmp_data) == 0:
                break
            else:
                final_data += tmp_data
    else:
        final_data = data  

    crc = crc32(final_data)
    return _form_put(up_token, key, final_data, params, mime_type,
                     crc, hostscache_dir, progress_handler, fname, metadata=metadata)  

def _form_put(up_token, key, data, params, mime_type, crc, hostscache_dir=None, progress_handler=None, file_name=None,
              modify_time=None, keep_last_modified=False, metadata=None):
    fields = {}
    if params:
        for k, v in params.items():
            fields[k] = str(v)
    if crc:
        fields['crc32'] = crc
    if key is not None:
        fields['key'] = key  

    fields['token'] = up_token
    if config.get_default('default_zone').up_host:
        url = config.get_default('default_zone').up_host
    else:
        url = config.get_default('default_zone').get_up_host_by_token(up_token, hostscache_dir)
    # name = key if key else file_name  

    fname = file_name
    if not fname or not fname.strip():
        fname = 'file_name'  

    # last modify time
    if modify_time and keep_last_modified:
        fields['x-qn-meta-!Last-Modified'] = rfc_from_timestamp(modify_time)  

    if metadata:
        for k, v in metadata.items():
            if k.startswith('x-qn-meta-'):
                fields[k] = str(v)  

    r, info = http._post_file(url, data=fields, files={'file': (fname, data, mime_type)})
    if r is None and info.need_retry():
        if info.connect_failed:
            if config.get_default('default_zone').up_host_backup:
                url = config.get_default('default_zone').up_host_backup
            else:
                url = config.get_default('default_zone').get_up_host_backup_by_token(up_token, hostscache_dir)
        if hasattr(data, 'read') is False:
            pass
        elif hasattr(data, 'seek') and (not hasattr(data, 'seekable') or data.seekable()):
            data.seek(0)
        else:
            return r, info
        r, info = http._post_file(url, data=fields, files={'file': (fname, data, mime_type)})  

    return r, info

这里官方使用两个方法,先试用put_data方法将字符串转换为二进制文件流,随后调用_form_put进行同步上传操作,这里_form_put这个私有方法是可复用的,既兼容文件流也兼容文件实体,写法上非常值得我们借鉴,弄明白了官方原版的流程后,让我们撰写文件流传输的异步版本:

# 上传文件流
    async def upload_data(self,up_token, key,data,url="http://up-z1.qiniup.com",params=None,mime_type='application/octet-stream',file_name=None,metadata=None):  

        data.encode('utf-8')  

        fields = {}
        if params:
            for k, v in params.items():
                fields[k] = str(v)  

        if key is not None:
            fields['key'] = key
        fields['token'] = up_token  

        fname = file_name
        if not fname or not fname.strip():
            fname = 'file_name'  

        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:  

            # 调用异步使用await关键字
            res = await client.post(url,data=fields,files={'file': (fname,data,mime_type)})  

            print(res.text)

这里我们声明异步方法upload_data,通过encode直接转换文件流,并使用异步httpx.AsyncClient()对象将文件流推送到官网接口地址:up-z1.qiniup.com

随后进行测试:

import asyncio
q = qiniu_async.Qiniu("accesskey","accesssecret")  

token = q.upload_token("空间名称")  

#文件流上传
asyncio.run(q.upload_data(token,"3343.txt","123测试"))

程序返回:

➜  mydemo git:(master) ✗ /opt/homebrew/bin/python3.10 "/Users/liuyue/wodfan/work/mydemo/src/test.py"
{"hash":"FtnQXAXft5AsOH1mrmXGaRzSt-95","key":"33434.txt"}

接口会返回文件流的hash编码,没有问题。

接着查看文件上传流程:

def put_file(up_token, key, file_path, params=None,
             mime_type='application/octet-stream', check_crc=False,
             progress_handler=None, upload_progress_recorder=None, keep_last_modified=False, hostscache_dir=None,
             part_size=None, version=None, bucket_name=None, metadata=None):
    """上传文件到七牛
    Args:
        up_token:                 上传凭证
        key:                      上传文件名
        file_path:                上传文件的路径
        params:                   自定义变量,规格参考 https://developer.qiniu.com/kodo/manual/vars#xvar
        mime_type:                上传数据的mimeType
        check_crc:                是否校验crc32
        progress_handler:         上传进度
        upload_progress_recorder: 记录上传进度,用于断点续传
        hostscache_dir:           host请求 缓存文件保存位置
        version:                  分片上传版本 目前支持v1/v2版本 默认v1
        part_size:                分片上传v2必传字段 默认大小为4MB 分片大小范围为1 MB - 1 GB
        bucket_name:              分片上传v2字段 空间名称
        metadata:                 元数据信息
    Returns:
        一个dict变量,类似 {"hash": "<Hash string>", "key": "<Key string>"}
        一个ResponseInfo对象
    """
    ret = {}
    size = os.stat(file_path).st_size
    with open(file_path, 'rb') as input_stream:
        file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)
        modify_time = int(os.path.getmtime(file_path))
        if size > config.get_default('default_upload_threshold'):
            ret, info = put_stream(up_token, key, input_stream, file_name, size, hostscache_dir, params,
                                   mime_type, progress_handler,
                                   upload_progress_recorder=upload_progress_recorder,
                                   modify_time=modify_time, keep_last_modified=keep_last_modified,
                                   part_size=part_size, version=version, bucket_name=bucket_name, metadata=metadata)
        else:
            crc = file_crc32(file_path)
            ret, info = _form_put(up_token, key, input_stream, params, mime_type,
                                  crc, hostscache_dir, progress_handler, file_name,
                                  modify_time=modify_time, keep_last_modified=keep_last_modified, metadata=metadata)
    return ret, info

这里官方使用的是标准库上下文管理器同步读取文件,改写为异步方法:

# 上传文件实体
    async def upload_file(self,up_token,key,path,url="http://up-z1.qiniup.com",params=None,mime_type='application/octet-stream',file_name=None,metadata=None):  

        async with aiofiles.open(path, mode='rb') as f:
            contents = await f.read()  

        fields = {}
        if params:
            for k, v in params.items():
                fields[k] = str(v)  

        if key is not None:
            fields['key'] = key
        fields['token'] = up_token  

        fname = file_name
        if not fname or not fname.strip():
            fname = 'file_name'  

        async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:  

            # 调用异步使用await关键字
            res = await client.post(url,data=fields,files={'file': (fname,contents,mime_type)})  

            print(res.text)

通过aiofiles异步读取文件后,在通过httpx.AsyncClient()进行异步传输。

需要注意的是,这里默认传输到up-z1.qiniup.com接口,如果是不同区域的云存储服务器,需要更改url参数的值,具体服务器接口列表请参照官网文档。

至此,文件流和文件异步传输就改造好了。

为了方便广大七牛云用户使用异步传输版本库,可以将qiniu-async上传到Python官方库,首先注册成为Python官方库的开发者:pypi.org/

随后在项目根目录下新建setup.py文件:

import setuptools
import pathlib  

here = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.resolve()
long_description = (here / "README.md").read_text(encoding="utf-8")  

setuptools.setup(
    name="qiniu-async",
    version="1.0.1",
    author="LiuYue",
    author_email="zcxey2911@gmail.com",
    description="qiniu_async python library",
    long_description=long_description,
    long_description_content_type="text/markdown",
    url="https://github.com/qiniu-async",
    packages=setuptools.find_packages(),
    license="Apache 2.0",
    classifiers=[
        "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
        "Intended Audience :: Developers",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
        "Operating System :: OS Independent",  

    ],
    keywords="qiniu, qiniu_async, async",
    py_modules=[
        'qiniu_async'
    ],
    install_requires=["aiofiles","httpx"],
)

这是安装文件,主要为了声明该模块的名称、作者、版本以及依赖库。

随后本地打包文件:

python3 setup.py sdist

程序会根据setup.py文件生成压缩包:

➜  qiniu_async tree
.
├── README.md
├── dist
│ └── qiniu-async-1.0.1.tar.gz
├── https:
│ └── github.com
│     └── zcxey2911
│         └── qiniu-async.git
├── qiniu_async.egg-info
│ ├── PKG-INFO
│ ├── SOURCES.txt
│ ├── dependency_links.txt
│ ├── requires.txt
│ └── top_level.txt
├── qiniu_async.py
└── setup.py

接着安装twine库, 准备提交Python官网:

pip3 install twine

随后在根目录运行命令提交:

twine upload dist/*

在官网进行查看:https://pypi.org/project/qiniu-async/

随后本地就可以直接通过pip命令句进行安装了:

pip install qiniu-async -i https://pypi.org/simple

非常方便。

云端存储,异步加持,猛虎添翼,未敢拥钵独飨,除了通过pip安装qiniu-async库,也奉上Github项目地址:https://github.com/zcxey2911/qiniu-async ,与众乡亲同飨。