linux系统管理——系统资源查看

############# vmstat 命令 监控系统资源 #############

vmstat [刷新时间 刷新次数]

[root@zabbix ~]# vmstat
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----
r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st

########### dmesg 开机时内核检测的信息 ################

[root@zabbix ~]# dmesg

[root@zabbix ~]# dmesg | grep CPU
[ 0.000000] smpboot: Allowing CPUs, hotplug CPUs
[ 0.000000] setup_percpu: NR_CPUS: nr_cpumask_bits: nr_cpu_ids: nr_node_ids:
[ 0.000000] PERCPU: Embedded pages/cpu @ffff9827f9600000 s118784 r8192 d28672 u262144
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=, Order=-, MinObjects=, CPUs=, Nodes=
[ 0.000000] RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS= to nr_cpu_ids=.
[ 3.374277] mce: CPU supports MCE banks
[ 3.376148] MDS: Vulnerable: Clear CPU buffers attempted, no microcode
[ 3.709685] smpboot: CPU0: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-2520M CPU @ .50GHz (fam: , model: 2a, stepping: )
[ 3.710231] core: CPUID marked event: 'cpu cycles' unavailable
[ 3.710237] core: CPUID marked event: 'instructions' unavailable
[ 3.710243] core: CPUID marked event: 'bus cycles' unavailable
[ 3.710247] core: CPUID marked event: 'cache references' unavailable
[ 3.710252] core: CPUID marked event: 'cache misses' unavailable
[ 3.710256] core: CPUID marked event: 'branch instructions' unavailable
[ 3.710261] core: CPUID marked event: 'branch misses' unavailable
[ 3.796324] smpboot: CPU Converting physical to logical package
[ 3.796731] Brought up CPUs

[root@zabbix ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "physical id" | sort| uniq| wc -l
　　　　　　uniq 命令用于检查及删除文本文件中重复出现的行列，一般与 sort 命令结合使用
[root@zabbix ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "cpu cores"| uniq

########### free 命令 #####################

[root@zabbix ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: .7G 287M .2G 12M 240M .1G
Swap: .0G 0B .0G

缓冲/缓存：

缓存和缓存的区别：
缓存（cache）是用来加速数据从硬盘中 ”读取“ 的，而缓冲（buffer）是用来加速数据 ”写入“ 硬盘的

########### 查看系统与内核相关信息 #####################

[root@zabbix ~]# uname
-a 查看系统所有相关的信息
-r 查看内核版本
-s 查看内核名称

########### 查询当前Linux系统的发行版本 ######

[root@zabbix ~]# lsb_release -a
-bash: lsb_release: 未找到命令

[root@zabbix ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6. (Core)

[root@zabbix ~]# cat /etc/issue
\S
Kernel \r on an \m

########## 判断当前系统的位数 ########

[root@zabbix ~]# file /bin/ls
/bin/ls: ELF -bit LSB executable, x86-, version (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6., BuildID[sha1]=ceaf496f3aec08afced234f4f36330d3d13a657b, stripped

########### 列出进程打开或使用的文件信息 ########
[root@zabbix ~]# lsof
#列出进程调用或打开的文件信息
-c 字符串： 只列出以字符串开头的进程打开文件
-u 用户名： 只列出某个用户的进程打开的文件
-p pid： 列出某个PID进程打开的文件