所以推荐使用mydumper备份
完美(__)
yum install -y glib2-devel mysql-devel zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel cmake gcc gcc-c++
cd /usr/local/src
git clone https://github.com/maxbube/mydumper
cd mydumper
cmake .
make -j 4
make install
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/mysql/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
参数和mysqldump很多一样
-G --triggers
-E --events
-R --routines
--trx-consistency-only 等于--single-transaction
-t 开几个线程,默认4个
-o 备份到指定目录
-x 正则匹配
-c 压缩
-B 指定数据库
-T 指定表
-F --chunk-filesize 指定文件大小
--rows 100000 每10w行导出到一个文件
[root@VM_0_5_centos backup]# mydumper -G -E -R --trx-consistency-only -t 4 -c -B dbt3 -o /mdata/backup
另开一个会话看下show processlist;可以看到四个线程
(root@172.16.0.10) [(none)]> show processlist;
+--------+------+------------------+------+---------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+--------+------+------------------+------+---------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
| 137488 | root | 172.16.0.5:53046 | NULL | Query | 0 | starting | show processlist |
| 137523 | root | 172.16.0.5:53546 | NULL | Query | 3 | Sending to client | SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `dbt3`.`customer` |
| 137524 | root | 172.16.0.5:53548 | NULL | Query | 3 | Sending to client | SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `dbt3`.`lineitem` |
| 137525 | root | 172.16.0.5:53550 | NULL | Query | 1 | Sending to client | SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `dbt3`.`partsupp` |
| 137526 | root | 172.16.0.5:53552 | NULL | Query | 3 | Sending to client | SELECT /*!40001 SQL_NO_CACHE */ * FROM `dbt3`.`orders` |
+--------+------+------------------+------+---------+------+-------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
tips:
mydumper参数和其所跟的值不能连在一起,不然会报错
option parsing failed: Error parsing option -r, try --help
进入备份目录
[root@VM_0_5_centos backup]# ll
total 1200340
ll
total 305044
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 281 Jan 24 10:41 dbt3.customer-schema.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9173713 Jan 24 10:41 dbt3.customer.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 401 Jan 24 10:41 dbt3.lineitem-schema.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 221097124 Jan 24 10:42 dbt3.lineitem.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 228 Jan 24 10:41 dbt3.nation-schema.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1055 Jan 24 10:41 dbt3.nation.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 294 Jan 24 10:41 dbt3.orders-schema.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47020810 Jan 24 10:41 dbt3.orders.sql.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 264 Jan 24 10:41 metadata
篇幅有限未将所有表列出来
发现基于每张表备份并产生压缩文件,所以恢复的时候可以指定某张表恢复
喽一眼
[root@VM_0_5_centos backup]# cat metadata
Started dump at: 2018-01-24 10:35:50
SHOW MASTER STATUS:
Log: bin.000001
Pos: 154
GTID:
Finished dump at: 2018-01-24 10:35:50
metadata文件记录二进制日志位置(master-data=1)
打开压缩文件
[root@VM_0_5_centos backup]# gunzip dbt3.customer-schema.sql.gz dbt3.customer.sql.gz dbt3-schema-create.sql.gz
[root@VM_0_5_centos backup]# cat dbt3-schema-create.sql
CREATE DATABASE `dbt3` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 */;
[root@VM_0_5_centos backup]# cat dbt3-schema-create.sql
CREATE DATABASE `dbt3` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 */;
[root@VM_0_5_centos backup]# cat dbt3.customer-schema.sql
/*!40101 SET NAMES binary*/;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0*/;
CREATE TABLE `customer` (
`c_custkey` int(11) NOT NULL,
`c_name` varchar(25) DEFAULT NULL,
`c_address` varchar(40) DEFAULT NULL,
`c_nationkey` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`c_phone` char(15) DEFAULT NULL,
`c_acctbal` double DEFAULT NULL,
`c_mktsegment` char(10) DEFAULT NULL,
`c_comment` varchar(117) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`c_custkey`),
KEY `i_c_nationkey` (`c_nationkey`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
[root@VM_0_5_centos backup]# head -5 dbt3.customer.sql
/*!40101 SET NAMES binary*/;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0*/;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
INSERT INTO `customer` VALUES
(1,"Customer#000000001","j5JsirBM9PsCy0O1m",15,"25-989-741-2988",711.56,"BUILDING","regular, regular platelets are fluffily according to the even attainments. blithely iron"),
综上:
文件
作用
-schema.sql
每张表的表结构
.sql
数据文件
-schema-create.sql.gz
创建库
恢复使用myloader命令
-d 恢复文件目录
-t 指定线程数
-B 指定库
-e 记录binlog
[root@VM_0_5_centos mdata]# myloader -d /mdata/backup -t 4 -B test
tips:
SSD上开4线程比source单线程快将近两倍(hdd盘可能性能提升会受一定影响)
这里有了mysqldump的基础就不开glog详细分析了
核心问题:并行怎么做到的?一张表都能并行导出,还要保持一致性
step1:
session1(主线程):
flush tables with read lock; 整个数据库锁成只读,其他线程只能读,不能写,针对myisam做的
start transaction with consistent snapshot 开启一致性快照事务,针对innodb做的
show master status 获取二进制文件位置点
step2:
主线程创建执行备份任务的子线程并切换到事务隔离级别为rr
session2:start transaction with consistent snapshot;
session3:start transaction with consistent snapshot;
session4:start transaction with consistent snapshot;
这样多个线程读到的内容是一致的
step3:
备份no-innodb
step4:
session1:unlock tables;
备份innodb至备份结束
小结:
从整个流程来看,多个线程看到的数据是一致的,所以select各个表,搞出来的数据是一致的,其实就是利用了mvcc的特性(不谈非innodb的话)
问题:
一张表怎么并行?
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