Prometheus—告警altermanger

• 1.告警altermanger装配
• 2.告警Mysql
• 3.Prometheus针对nodes告警规则配置

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相关内容原文地址链接：

51CTO：wfwf1990：使用prometheus的mysql exporter监控mysql

简书：fish_man：node_exporter 配置

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1.告警altermanger装配

altermanager作用： 接收prometheus发送的告警信息, 通过相关方式例如邮件和微信等方式发送给接收者。

创建目录：

test -d /etc/alertmanager || mkdir -pv /etc/alertmanager

配置文件：

vi /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml


global:
    resolve_timeout: 5m

templates:
- '/etc/alertmanager/wechat.tmpl'

route:
    group_by: ['alertname']
    group_wait: 10s
    group_interval: 10s
    repeat_interval: 1h
    receiver: 'wechat'
receivers:
# 微信方式告警
- name: 'wechat'
    wechat_configs:
    - corp_id: 'wwc08fcb42fc6fe93c'
        to_party: '2'
        agent_id: '1000002'
        api_secret: 'cLG91Xgcd3o3zPJp6NbOJV9m7SBIlhtCScxov3Hp-XQ'
        send_resolved: true

模板文件：

vi /etc/alertmanager/wechat.tmpl


{{ define "wechat.default.message" }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}
Alerts Firing:
{{ range .Alerts }}
告警级别：{{ .Labels.severity }}
告警类型：{{ .Labels.alertname }}
故障主机: {{ .Labels.instance }}
告警主题: {{ .Annotations.summary }}
告警详情: {{ .Annotations.description }}
触发时间: {{ .StartsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
{{- end }}
{{- end }}
{{ if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}
Alerts Resolved:
{{ range .Alerts }}
告警级别：{{ .Labels.severity }}
告警类型：{{ .Labels.alertname }}
故障主机: {{ .Labels.instance }}
告警主题: {{ .Annotations.summary }}
触发时间: {{ .StartsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
恢复时间: {{ .EndsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }}
{{- end }}
{{- end }}
告警链接:
{{ template "__alertmanagerURL" . }}
{{- end }}

启动容器：

docker run --restart=always   -d -p 9093:9093 -v /etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml -v /etc/alertmanager/wechat.tmpl:/etc/alertmanager/wechat.tmpl --name alertmanager prom/alertmanager

查看容器日志信息，检查是否报错：

docker logs -f alertmanager

2.告警Mysql

准备mysql告警规则文件 , 注意该文件不能有tag键， 同时key和value之间必须要有空格。

vi /etc/prometheus/prometheus.rules


groups:
- name: MySQLStatsAlert
    rules:
    - alert: MySQL is down
        expr: mysql_up == 0
        for: 1m
        labels:
            severity: critical
        annotations:
            summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} MySQL is down"
            description: "MySQL database is down. This requires immediate action!"

    - alert: Mysql_High_QPS
        expr: rate(mysql_global_status_questions[5m]) > 500
        for: 2m
        labels:
            severity: warning
        annotations:
            summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: Mysql_High_QPS detected"
            description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Mysql opreation is more than 500 per second ,(current value is: {{ $value }})"
    - alert: Mysql_Too_Many_Connections
        expr: rate(mysql_global_status_threads_connected[5m]) > 200
        for: 2m
        labels:
            severity: warning
        annotations:
            summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: Mysql Too Many Connections detected"
            description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Mysql Connections is more than 100 per second ,(current value is: {{ $value }})"  

    - alert: Mysql_Too_Many_slow_queries
        expr: rate(mysql_global_status_slow_queries[5m]) > 3
        for: 2m
        labels:
            severity: warning
        annotations:
            summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: Mysql_Too_Many_slow_queries detected"
            description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Mysql slow_queries is more than 3 per second ,(current value is: {{ $value }})"  

    - alert: SQL thread stopped
        expr: mysql_slave_status_slave_sql_running != 1
        for: 1m
        labels:
            severity: critical
        annotations:
            summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} Sync Binlog is enabled"
            description: "SQL thread has stopped. This is usually because it cannot apply a SQL statement received from the master."
    - alert: Slave lagging behind Master
        expr: rate(mysql_slave_status_seconds_behind_master[5m]) >30
        for: 1m
        labels:
            severity: warning
        annotations:
            summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} Slave lagging behind Master"
            description: "Slave is lagging behind Master. Please check if Slave threads are running and if there are some performance issues!"

验证报警: 把从库的mysql实例服务停止。

在prometheus的alert界面可以看到有个告警, 处于pending状态, 当处于firing状态, 持续时间为for指定的时间, 向altermanager发送告警;

进入altermanager界面, 发现altermanager接收到prometheus发送过来的报警。

3.Prometheus针对nodes告警规则配置

groups:
- name: example
  rules:

  - alert: 实例丢失
    expr: up{job="node-exporter"} == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: page
    annotations:
      summary: "服务器实例 {{ $labels.instance }} 丢失"
      description: "{{ $labels.instance }} 上的任务 {{ $labels.job }} 已经停止了 1 分钟已上了"

  - alert: 磁盘容量小于 5%
    expr: 100 - ((node_filesystem_avail_bytes{job="node-exporter",mountpoint=~".*",fstype=~"ext4|xfs|ext2|ext3"} * 100) / node_filesystem_size_bytes {job="node-exporter",mountpoint=~".*",fstype=~"ext4|xfs|ext2|ext3"}) > 95
    for: 30s
    annotations:
      summary: "服务器实例 {{ $labels.instance }} 磁盘不足 告警通知"
      description: "{{ $labels.instance }}磁盘 {{ $labels.device }} 资源 已不足 5%, 当前值: {{ $value }}"

  - alert: "内存容量小于 20%"
    expr: ((node_memory_MemTotal_bytes - node_memory_MemFree_bytes - node_memory_Buffers_bytes - node_memory_Cached_bytes) / (node_memory_MemTotal_bytes )) * 100 > 80
    for: 30s
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "服务器实例 {{ $labels.instance }} 内存不足 告警通知"
      description: "{{ $labels.instance }}内存资源已不足 20%,当前值: {{ $value }}"

  - alert: "CPU 平均负载大于 4 个"
    expr: node_load5 > 4
    for: 30s
    annotations:
      sumary: "服务器实例 {{ $labels.instance }} CPU 负载 告警通知"
      description: "{{ $labels.instance }}CPU 平均负载(5 分钟) 已超过 4 ,当前值: {{ $value }}"

  - alert: "磁盘读 I/O 超过 30MB/s"
    expr: irate(node_disk_read_bytes_total{device="sda"}[1m]) > 30000000
    for: 30s
    annotations:
      sumary: "服务器实例 {{ $labels.instance }} I/O 读负载 告警通知"
      description: "{{ $labels.instance }}I/O 每分钟读已超过 30MB/s,当前值: {{ $value }}"

  - alert: "磁盘写 I/O 超过 30MB/s"
    expr: irate(node_disk_written_bytes_total{device="sda"}[1m]) > 30000000
    for: 30s
    annotations:
      sumary: "服务器实例 {{ $labels.instance }} I/O 写负载 告警通知"
      description: "{{ $labels.instance }}I/O 每分钟写已超过 30MB/s,当前值: {{ $value }}"

  - alert: "网卡流出速率大于 10MB/s"
    expr: (irate(node_network_transmit_bytes_total{device!~"lo"}[1m]) / 1000) > 1000000
    for: 30s
    annotations:
      sumary: "服务器实例 {{ $labels.instance }} 网卡流量负载 告警通知"
      description: "{{ $labels.instance }}网卡 {{ $labels.device }} 流量已经超过 10MB/s, 当前值: {{ $value }}"

  - alert: "CPU 使用率大于 90%"
    expr: 100 - ((avg by (instance,job,env)(irate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[30s]))) *100) > 90
    for: 30s
    annotations:
      sumary: "服务器实例 {{ $labels.instance }} CPU 使用率 告警通知"
      description: "{{ $labels.instance }}CPU 使用率已超过 90%, 当前值: {{ $value }}"