一、简介

Quartz由Java编写的功能丰富的开源作业调度框架，可以集成到几乎任何Java应用程序中，并且能够创建多个作业调度；

在实际的业务中，有很多场景依赖定时任务，比如常见的：订单超时处理，数据报表统计分析，会员等周期性管理，业务识别和预警通知等；

二、工程搭建

在starter-quartz组件中，实际依赖的是quartz组件2.3.2版本，使用Quartz框架时，需要自定义任务和执行逻辑，以更加灵活的方式管理业务调度；

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId>
    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>

Quartz框架使用的表结构在如图的路径下，本文选择MySQL数据库存储，除此之外自定义两张表：quartz_job任务表和quartz_log任务执行日志表；

在配置文件中使用Druid组件连接boot-quartz数据库，对于Quartz框架，主要配置数据库存储，调度器的基础信息，以及执行任务的线程池；

spring:
  # 定时器配置
  quartz:
    # 使用数据库存储
    job-store-type: jdbc
    # 初始化完成后自动启动调度程序
    autoStartup: true
    properties:
      org:
        quartz:
          # 调度器配置
          scheduler:
            instanceName: bootQuartzScheduler
            instanceId: AUTO
          # 存储配置
          jobStore:
            class: org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.LocalDataSourceJobStore
            driverDelegateClass: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
            tablePrefix: qrtz_
            isClustered: true
            misfireThreshold: 12000
            clusterCheckinInterval: 15000
            useProperties: false
          # 线程池配置
          threadPool:
            threadNamePrefix: Boot_Job_Pool
            threadPriority: 5
            threadCount: 10
            class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool

三、Quartz用法

对于任务管理的相关Web接口，采用Swagger文档组件，接口和实体类添加注解后，访问IP:Port/swagger-ui/index.html地址即可；

在服务启动时执行init初始化方法，查询quartz_job表中运行和暂停状态的任务，判断触发器是否存在，如果不存在则创建，如果存在则更新；

@Service
public class QuartzJobService {

    @Resource
    private QuartzJobMapper quartzJobMapper ;
    @Resource
    private QuartzManage quartzManage;

    @PostConstruct
    public void init () {
        LambdaQueryWrapper<QuartzJob> queryWrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>() ;
        queryWrapper.in(QuartzJob::getState,JobState.JOB_RUN.getStatus(),JobState.JOB_STOP.getStatus());
        List<QuartzJob> jobList = quartzJobMapper.selectList(queryWrapper);
        jobList.forEach(quartzJob -> {
            CronTrigger cronTrigger = quartzManage.getCronTrigger(quartzJob.getId()) ;
            if (Objects.isNull(cronTrigger)){
                quartzManage.createJob(quartzJob);
            } else {
                quartzManage.updateJob(quartzJob);
            }
        });
    }
}

在创建任务时，需要定义JobKey和TriggerKey的构建规则，Key需要具备唯一性，通常使用任务表的主键ID，任务一般是基于Cron表达式被调度执行的；

@Component
public class QuartzManage {

    @Resource
    private Scheduler scheduler ;

    public void createJob (QuartzJob quartzJob){
        try {
            // 构建任务
            JobDetail jobDetail = JobBuilder.newJob(QuartzRecord.class).withIdentity(getJobKey(quartzJob.getId())).build() ;
            // 构建Cron调度器
            CronScheduleBuilder scheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder
                                                .cronSchedule(quartzJob.getCronExpres())
                                                .withMisfireHandlingInstructionDoNothing() ;
            // 任务触发器
            CronTrigger trigger = TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
                                                .withIdentity(getTriggerKey(quartzJob.getId()))
                                                .withSchedule(scheduleBuilder).build() ;
            jobDetail.getJobDataMap().put(QuartzJob.JOB_PARAM_KEY,quartzJob);
            scheduler.scheduleJob(jobDetail,trigger) ;
            // 状态校验
            checkStop(quartzJob) ;
        } catch (SchedulerException e){
            throw new RuntimeException("createJob Fail",e) ;
        }
    }
}

先通过任务ID查询TriggerKey，对于更新来说，最常见的就是Cron表达式即调度规则的更新，或者任务的执行参数更新；

@Component
public class QuartzManage {

    @Resource
    private Scheduler scheduler ;

    public void updateJob(QuartzJob quartzJob) {
        try {
            // 查询触发器Key
            TriggerKey triggerKey = getTriggerKey(quartzJob.getId());
            // 构建Cron调度器
            CronScheduleBuilder scheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder
                                                .cronSchedule(quartzJob.getCronExpres())
                                                .withMisfireHandlingInstructionDoNothing();
            // 任务触发器
            CronTrigger trigger = getCronTrigger(quartzJob.getId())
                                .getTriggerBuilder().withIdentity(triggerKey)
                                .withSchedule(scheduleBuilder).build();
            trigger.getJobDataMap().put(QuartzJob.JOB_PARAM_KEY, quartzJob);
            scheduler.rescheduleJob(triggerKey, trigger);
            // 状态校验
            checkStop(quartzJob) ;
        } catch (SchedulerException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("updateJob Fail",e) ;
        }
    }
}

先通过任务ID查询JobKey，判断任务是非运行状态，则停止任务；

@Component
public class QuartzManage {

    @Resource
    private Scheduler scheduler ;

    public void checkStop (QuartzJob quartzJob){
        try {
            if(quartzJob.getState() != JobState.JOB_RUN.getStatus()){
                this.scheduler.pauseJob(getJobKey(quartzJob.getId()));
            }
        } catch (SchedulerException e){
            throw new RuntimeException("pauseJob Fail",e) ;
        }
    }

}

先通过任务ID查询JobKey，恢复任务正常执行；

@Component
public class QuartzManage {

    @Resource
    private Scheduler scheduler ;

    public void resumeJob (Integer jobId){
        try {
            this.scheduler.resumeJob(getJobKey(jobId));
        } catch (SchedulerException e){
            throw new RuntimeException("resumeJob Fail",e) ;
        }
    }
}

传入任务主体，再通过任务ID查询JobKey，然后立即执行一次任务；

@Component
public class QuartzManage {

    @Resource
    private Scheduler scheduler ;

    public void run (QuartzJob quartzJob){
        try {
            JobDataMap dataMap = new JobDataMap() ;
            dataMap.put(QuartzJob.JOB_PARAM_KEY,quartzJob);
            this.scheduler.triggerJob(getJobKey(quartzJob.getId()),dataMap);
        } catch (SchedulerException e){
            throw new RuntimeException("run Fail",e) ;
        }
    }
}

先通过任务ID查询JobKey，彻底删除任务；

@Component
public class QuartzManage {

    @Resource
    private Scheduler scheduler ;

    public void deleteJob (Integer jobId){
        try {
            scheduler.deleteJob(getJobKey(jobId));
        } catch (SchedulerException e){
            throw new RuntimeException("deleteJob Fail",e) ;
        }
    }
}

Quartz被集成在Spring框架之后，任务类自然会以Bean对象的方式被管理，在任务创建时，设置要执行的作业类QuartzRecord，该类继承QuartzJobBean抽象类，通过重写executeInternal方法，来管理任务实际执行的逻辑；

public class QuartzRecord extends QuartzJobBean {
    @Override
    protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context) {
        QuartzJob quartzJob = (QuartzJob)context.getMergedJobDataMap().get(QuartzJob.JOB_PARAM_KEY) ;
        QuartzLogService quartzLogService = (QuartzLogService)SpringContextUtil.getBean("quartzLogService") ;
        // 定时器日志记录
        QuartzLog quartzLog = new QuartzLog () ;
        quartzLog.setJobId(quartzJob.getId());
        quartzLog.setBeanName(quartzJob.getBeanName());
        quartzLog.setParams(quartzJob.getParams());
        quartzLog.setCreateTime(new Date());
        long beginTime = System.currentTimeMillis() ;
        try {
            // 加载并执行
            Object target = SpringContextUtil.getBean(quartzJob.getBeanName());
            Method method = target.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("run", String.class);
            method.invoke(target, quartzJob.getParams());
            long executeTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime;
            quartzLog.setTimes((int)executeTime);
            quartzLog.setState(LogState.LOG_SUS.getStatus());
        } catch (Exception e){
            // 异常信息
            long executeTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime;
            quartzLog.setTimes((int)executeTime);
            quartzLog.setState(LogState.LOG_FAIL.getStatus());
            quartzLog.setError(e.getMessage());
        } finally {
            // 保存执行日志
            quartzLogService.insert(quartzLog) ;
        }
    }
}

四、参考源码

文档仓库：
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-java-note

源码仓库：
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-spring-parent

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