webview和H5交互
阅读原文时间:2023年07月10日阅读:3

由于H5的灵活多变,动态可配的特点,也为了避免冗长 的审核周期,H5页面在app上的重要性正日益突显。

iOS应用于H5交互的控件主要是UIWebView及WKWebView

WKWebView是14年随iOS8推出的,很好的解决了UIWebView加载速度慢,内存占用大的问题

WebViewJavaScriptBridge是一款轻量级的框架,使用它结合wkwebview能十分方便的实现源生与H5的交互

  webviewJavaScrptBridge的基本使用

  1.初始化需bind视图  [WebViewJavaScriptBridge bridgeForWebView:]

  2.设置代理  [self.bridge setWebViewDelegate:self]

  3.注册方法  

  [self.bridge registerHandler:@"click" handler:^(id data, WVJBResponseCallback responseCallback) {

NSDictionary *dic = (NSDictionary *)data;

[weakSelf responseJSWithData:(NSDictionary *)dic];

 }];

  click是方法名,handler是H5发起调用后传回的回调,该闭包第一个H5页面传递过来的参数,第二个是callBack对象

  4.调用方法  

  [self.bridge callHandler:event data:data responseCallback:^(id responseData) {

NSLog(@"responseData:%@",responseData);

}];

  event是方法名,源生直接发起回调,data是传递的参数,callBack是h5收到事件后传回的回调

  webviewJavaScriptBridge的精髓就是方法3,4的交替使用,使得源生调h5,h5调源生变的异常简单,两者之间的链接仅仅靠一个方法名,收方register后,发起方callHandler就能实现一条消息的有效传递,具体实现细节可细究其源码  webviewJavaScriptBridge

  现在来探究下H5端如何使用bridge注册及发起事件

/// 配置bridge
function setupWebViewJavascriptBridge(callback) {
if (window.WebViewJavascriptBridge) { return callback(WebViewJavascriptBridge); }
if (window.WVJBCallbacks) { return window.WVJBCallbacks.push(callback); }
window.WVJBCallbacks = [callback];
var WVJBIframe = document.createElement('iframe');
WVJBIframe.style.display = 'none';
WVJBIframe.src = 'https://__bridge_loaded__';
document.documentElement.appendChild(WVJBIframe);
setTimeout(function() { document.documentElement.removeChild(WVJBIframe) }, 0)
}

/// callHandler data为H5传递参数
setupWebViewJavascriptBridge(function (bridge) {
let data = {'title': title}
bridge.callHandler('setTitle', data)
})

/// registerHandler data为源生传递参数
bridge.registerHandler("result", function (data, responseCallback) {
result(data['opType'], data['code'], data['msg'])
})

  可见在H5端使用bridge完成消息的收发页十分方便。webviewJavaScriptCoreBridge的配置,是在H5页面生成一个iframe节点,传递消息时插入这个节点,结束后移除这个节点,以此来实现源生到H5的一次消息传递。

WKNavigationDelegate  使用wkwebview进行一次网络请求中的各种事件回调

WKUIDelegate   主要用于处理H5中的alert弹窗事件

  -runJavaScriptAlertPanelWithMessage:

UIWebView,尽管该视图已经被WKWebview取代,但市面上大多数应用框架仍然使用的是webview,并且其更接近底层,具有深究价值

UIWebview通常是通过拦截request,根据指定url中的参数,来实现H5端事件的调用

func webView(_ webView: UIWebView, shouldStartLoadWith request: URLRequest, navigationType: UIWebViewNavigationType) -> Bool
{
let absoluteString = request.url!.absoluteString
if (!absoluteString.contain(prefix)) {
return true
}else {
              // do something
return false
}
}

返回false则拦截请求,截取url中所带参数,根据需求做相应处理。通常为封装方法间的调用,会插入一段js代码。

override func webViewDidStartLoad(_ webView: UIWebView) {
super.webViewDidStartLoad(webView)

    /// 尽可能在较早的时间点插入该js代码  
    writtenJSApi(webView: webView)  
}

func writtenJSApi(webView:UIWebView) {
if let filePath:String = Bundle.main.path(forResource: "jsapi", ofType: "js"){
if let jsStr = try? NSString(contentsOfFile: filePath, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue){
webView.stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(from: jsStr as String)
}
}
}

js主要代码

// 异步
window.JSApi.asyncInvoke = function (apiname, pramaJsonString, callbackapi)
{
var apiPath = "https://asyncjsapi.com/" + encodeURIComponent(apiname + window.JSApi.pramaSplit + pramaJsonString + window.JSApi.pramaSplit + callbackapi);
var iframe = document.createElement("iframe");
iframe.setAttribute("src", apiPath);
document.documentElement.appendChild(iframe);
iframe.parentNode.removeChild(iframe);
iframe = null;
}

// 同步
window.JSApi.syncInvoke = function (apiname, pramaJsonString)
{
var apiPath = "https://syncjsapi.com/" + encodeURIComponent(apiname + window.JSApi.pramaSplit + pramaJsonString );
var request = new XMLHttpRequest();
if (request == null)
{
return {
code: 1,
errorMsg: "not support XMLHttpRequest",
data: null
};
}

var responseText = ""

request.onreadystatechange = function ()
{
// alert("stateChange"+request.readyState+","+request.status)
if (request.readyState == 4 && request.status == 200)
{
responseText = request.responseText;
}
else
{
responseText = ""
}
// alert(responseText)
};
// alert(apiname+" 2 request open "+apiPath);
request.open("GET", apiPath, false);
request.send(null);

console.log(responseText)

return responseText
}
})();

可以看出,异步方法依然是在页面创建iframe,先插入后删除的方式;同步方法是利用ajax,创建了一个http请求,并监听request的状态,当status为200时,返回信息给H5。同步方法的拦截是在urlProtocol里面

class JsApiURLProtocol: URLProtocol, URLSessionDataDelegate, URLSessionTaskDelegate {

override class func canInit(with request: URLRequest) -> Bool {

    if let strUrl:String = request.url?.absoluteString  
    {  
        if JsApiHelper.isSyncNativeApi(urlString: strUrl) {  
            return true  
        }  
    }else {  
        return false  
    }

}

override func startLoading() {  
    let strUrl:String! = request.url!.absoluteString  
    if JsApiHelper.isSyncNativeApi(urlString: strUrl) {  
        // 调用同步jsapi  
        let result: NSString = JsApiHelper.syncInvoke(urlString: strUrl! as NSString) as NSString  
        let resultData: NSData = result.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8.rawValue)! as NSData  
        var headerFields: \[NSObject : AnyObject\]? = \[NSObject : AnyObject\]()  
        headerFields?.updateValue("\*" as AnyObject, forKey: "Access-Control-Allow-Origin" as NSObject)

        let response: HTTPURLResponse = HTTPURLResponse(url: self.request.url!, statusCode: 200, httpVersion: "HTTP/1.1", headerFields: headerFields as? \[String:String\])!  
        self.client!.urlProtocol(self, didReceive: response, cacheStoragePolicy: .notAllowed)  
        self.client!.urlProtocol(self, didLoad: resultData as Data)  
        self.client!.urlProtocolDidFinishLoading(self)  
    }  
}

}

caninit方法中return true表示进行请求,否则拦截请求。startLoading方法中创建相应的response返回给js中的request,注意finishLoading,否则容易造成死循环。

UIWebview调用H5就相当简单了,一句代码搞定

  webView.stringByEvaluatingJavaScript(from: "javascript:window.goBack()");