RHEL高级磁盘管理—Stratis
阅读原文时间:2023年07月08日阅读:8

本地存储管理工具,通过Stratis可以便捷的使用Thin Provisioning、Snapshots、Pool-based的管理和监控等高级存储功能。

Stratis 基于xfs文件系统格式。

2.1 Install

  # yum install -y stratisd stratis-cli
  # systemctl enable --now stratisd

2.2 Create Pool

  # wipefs -a /dev/vdb  // 清除磁盘签名

  # wipefs -a /dev/vdc  // 清除磁盘签名

  # stratis pool create pool-1 /dev/vdb /dev/vdc
  # stratis pool list

2.3 Extend Pool

  # stratis pool add-data pool-1 /dev/vdd

2.4 BlockDevice

  # stratis blockdev list pool

2.5 FileSystem

  # 在Pool创建FileSystem,可以在一个Pool中创建多个filesystem
  $ stratis filesystem create pool-1 file-1
  $ stratis filesystem list

2.6 Mount FileSystem

  $ mount /stratis/pool-1/file-1 /mnt/

2.7 Snapshot

  # 创建Snaphost这样做后,你可以挂载新的Snapshot,

  # 它将初始包含与FileSystem相同的文件内容,

  # 但它可能随着文件系统的修改而改变。

  # 无论你对Snapshot所做的任何更改都不会反映到FileSystem中,

  # 除非你卸载了FileSystem并将其销毁。

  $ stratis filesystem snapshot pool-1 file-1 snapshot-1

  $ mount /stratis/pool-1/snapshot-1 /mnt/

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Stratis简介

  • RHEL8.0本地存储管理工具
  • 通过Stratis可以便捷的使用精简配置(Thin Provisioning)、快照(Snapshots)、基于池(Pool-based)的管理和监控等高级存储功能
  • Stratis 基于xfs文件系统格式,创建filesystem后不需要格式化;例如:在pool池中创建file文件系统,则file文件系统的类型已经是xfs格式,不需要在去格式化
  • 守护进程:stratisd

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安装Stratisd服务

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y stratisd stratis-cli
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now stratisd

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使用Stratis的整体操作流程

  1. 选择完好的块设备(磁盘或者分区)
  2. 创建pool
  3. pool中创建文件系统(filesystem

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使用Stratis创建pool示例

  1. 创建完好的磁盘分区

    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
    NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
    └─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part

  2. 创建pool前查看块设备是否存在签名认证,如果有则必须先清除块设备上的签名认证,才能继续使用

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
    Disk /dev/sda: 80 GiB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
    Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disklabel type: dos
    Disk identifier: 0x4b000bc8

Disklabel部分就是块设备的签名认证,需要清除该签名认证

[root@localhost ~]# wipefs -a /dev/sda
/dev/sda: 2 bytes were erased at offset 0x000001fe (dos): 55 aa
/dev/sda: calling ioctl to re-read partition table: Success

清除后,再次查看块设备的签名信息

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sda
Disk /dev/sda: 80 GiB, 85899345920 bytes, 167772160 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
  1. 创建pool池,一般是要求1G以上大小的块设备,才能创建pool

    [root@localhost ~]# stratis pool create pool-one /dev/sda1 //pool-one是pool的名称;/dev/sda1是拿来使用的块设备
    [root@localhost ~]# stratis pool list
    Name Total Physical Size Total Physical Used
    pool-one 20 GiB 52 MiB

  2. 向已经存在的pool池中添加块设备

    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda2
    NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    sda2 8:2 0 20G 0 part
    [root@localhost ~]# stratis pool add-data pool-one /dev/sda2
    [root@localhost ~]# stratis pool list
    Name Total Physical Size Total Physical Used
    pool-one 40 GiB 72 MiB //容量比原来扩大了

  3. 同时将两块块设备添加到同一个pool池中

    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4
    NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    sda3 8:3 0 10G 0 part
    sda4 8:4 0 20G 0 part
    [root@localhost ~]# stratis pool create pool-two /dev/sda3 /dev/sda4
    [root@localhost ~]# stratis pool list
    Name Total Physical Size Total Physical Used
    pool-one 40 GiB 72 MiB
    pool-two 30 GiB 56 MiB

  4. 查看pool-one池和pool-two池中所使用的块设备

    [root@localhost ~]# stratis blockdev list pool-one
    Pool Name Device Node Physical Size State Tier
    pool-one /dev/sda1 20 GiB InUse Data
    pool-one /dev/sda2 20 GiB InUse Data
    [root@localhost ~]# stratis blockdev list pool-two
    Pool Name Device Node Physical Size State Tier
    pool-two /dev/sda3 10 GiB InUse Data
    pool-two /dev/sda4 20 GiB InUse Data

  5. 查看pool-one池和pool-two池中块设备的信息

    [root@localhost ~]# lsblk /dev/sda
    NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    sda 8:0 0 80G 0 disk
    ├─sda1 8:1 0 20G 0 part
    │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-physical-originsub 253:3 0 40G 0 stratis
    │ ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thinmeta 253:4 0 32M 0 stratis
    │ │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool 253:7 0 40G 0 stratis
    │ ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thindata 253:5 0 40G 0 stratis
    │ │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool 253:7 0 40G 0 stratis
    │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-mdv 253:6 0 16M 0 stratis
    ├─sda2 8:2 0 20G 0 part
    │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-physical-originsub 253:3 0 40G 0 stratis
    │ ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thinmeta 253:4 0 32M 0 stratis
    │ │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool 253:7 0 40G 0 stratis
    │ ├─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-thindata 253:5 0 40G 0 stratis
    │ │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thinpool-pool 253:7 0 40G 0 stratis
    │ └─stratis-1-private-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-flex-mdv 253:6 0 16M 0 stratis
    ├─sda3 8:3 0 10G 0 part
    │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-physical-originsub 253:8 0 30G 0 stratis
    │ ├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thinmeta 253:9 0 16M 0 stratis
    │ │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool 253:12 0 30G 0 stratis
    │ ├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thindata 253:10 0 30G 0 stratis
    │ │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool 253:12 0 30G 0 stratis
    │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-mdv 253:11 0 16M 0 stratis
    └─sda4 8:4 0 20G 0 part
    └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-physical-originsub 253:8 0 30G 0 stratis
    ├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thinmeta 253:9 0 16M 0 stratis
    │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool 253:12 0 30G 0 stratis
    ├─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-thindata 253:10 0 30G 0 stratis
    │ └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-thinpool-pool 253:12 0 30G 0 stratis
    └─stratis-1-private-31db6de0edb64a3f8721a33f55922b69-flex-mdv 253:11 0 16M 0 stratis

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使用Stratis创建filesystem示例

  1. pool-one池中创建filesystem(一次只能创建一个filesystem

    [root@localhost ~]# stratis filesystem create pool-one file-one //pool-one是pool的名称;file-one是filesystem的名称
    [root@localhost ~]# stratis filesystem list //列出已经拥有的filesystem
    Pool Name Name Used Created Device UUID
    pool-one file-one 546 MiB Sep 20 2020 20:33 /stratis/pool-one/file-one deeb42ce571542cab33afcbfece6dd0a

  2. 查看指定pool池中拥有的filesystem

    [root@localhost ~]# stratis filesystem list pool-one
    Pool Name Name Used Created Device UUID
    pool-one file-one 546 MiB Sep 20 2020 20:33 /stratis/pool-one/file-one deeb42ce571542cab33afcbfece6dd0a

  3. 挂载filesystem,挂载点:/fsdir

    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /fsdir
    [root@localhost ~]# mount /stratis/pool-one/file-one /fsdir/
    [root@localhost ~]# df -h
    Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    devtmpfs 886M 0 886M 0% /dev
    tmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /dev/shm
    tmpfs 903M 8.7M 894M 1% /run
    tmpfs 903M 0 903M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/mapper/rhel-root 50G 1.7G 49G 4% /
    /dev/nvme0n1p1 1014M 173M 842M 17% /boot
    /dev/mapper/rhel-home 27G 225M 27G 1% /home
    tmpfs 181M 0 181M 0% /run/user/0
    /dev/sr0 7.4G 7.4G 0 100% /mnt
    /dev/mapper/stratis-1-2a5d0ca4266540b889057f37816c7423-thin-fs-deeb42ce571542cab33afcbfece6dd0a 1.0T 7.2G 1017G 1% /fsdir

    [root@localhost ~]# blkid /stratis/pool-one/file-one
    /stratis/pool-one/file-one: UUID="deeb42ce-5715-42ca-b33a-fcbfece6dd0a" TYPE="xfs"
    [root@localhost ~]# echo "UUID=deeb42ce-5715-42ca-b33a-fcbfece6dd0a /fsdir xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
    [root@localhost ~]# tail -3 /etc/fstab
    /dev/mapper/rhel-home /home xfs defaults 0 0
    /dev/mapper/rhel-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
    UUID=deeb42ce-5715-42ca-b33a-fcbfece6dd0a /fsdir xfs defaults 0 0

分类: 磁盘管理

Stratis文件系统

由 自作多情 提交于 2020-01-06 18:58:11

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8中,引入新的存储管理系统Stratis。其功能总结如下:

  • copy-on-write
  • 磁盘空间的精简置备Thin Provision
  • 支持RAID 0、RAID 1、RAID 10
  • 支持全盘加密如LUKS
  • 支持资源池,每池可创建 16,777,216( 2^24)个文件系统或文件夹
  • LZ4压缩
  • 文件的消除重复功能
  • 子卷
  • 快照
  • 数据损坏的自愈功能
  • 热扩容、热减容
  • 为提升性能而进行存储分区:数据区和缓存区(与VMWare VMFS 6相同,与Glusterfs的热区、冷区类似)

Stratis存储管理建立在Linux Mapper/ LVM及XFS的基础上,提供了便捷的管理功能,从某种程度上看,似乎就是一个本地版的Glusterfs。要使用Stratis,必须要安装Stratisd、stratis-cli两个软件包。创建过程如下:

第1步:安装软件

# yum install stratisd stratis-cli
# systemctl enable --now stratisd

第2步:创建资源池

# stratis pool create mypool /dev/vdb

在第二块虚拟磁盘/dev/vdb上创建了一个名叫mypool的资源池。

第3步:创建文件系统

# stratis filesystem create mypool myfls

上面这条命令,在资源池mypool的基础上创建了文件系统myfls。

第4步:挂载

# mkdir /mnt/myfls
# echo '/stratis/mypool/myfls   /mnt/myfls   xfs    defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
# mount -a
# echo 'Hello, world' > /mnt/myfls/test.txt
# cat /mnt/myfls/test.txt

以上操作似乎少了点什么吧?对,似乎没有格式化就可以使用了。Stratis文件系统就是这么神奇。不需要你专门来格式化。

第5步:资源池扩容

# stratis pool add-data mypool /dev/vdc

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