一.分析

1.找到京东商品评论所在位置(记得点击商品评论，否则找不到productPageComments.action)

2.解析文件

打开后发现是json数据，但不是那么规范，所以需要去点前面的字符串和括号，还有最后一行的分号和括号

3.放到json解析器可以看到数据的结构

4.解析网址

里面的参数：

productid：产品id；不同的id不同的商品

score：0是全部评论，1是差评，2是中评，3是好评，4是晒图评价，5是追平

page：页数，评论较多的最多显示100页，虽然评论是20万+，但是也只能爬取一百页

所以根据更改page可以爬取多个页面评论

5.爬取多个商品

要爬取多个商品就要多个productid，所以就要去找它

通过搜索xxxx，可以在search中找到sku_id,将它解析出来即可，同上

二.编写爬虫代码

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import gzip
import urllib.request
import json
import time
import random
import demjson as dj
import requests
import itertools

headers = {
"Cookie": "__jdu=1507876332; shshshfpa=2ea021ee-52dd-c54e-1be1-f5aa9e333af2-1640075639; areaId=5; PCSYCityID=CN_0_0_0; shshshfpb=n7UymiTWOsGPvQfCup%2B3J1g%3D%3D; ipLoc-djd=5-142-42547-54561; jwotest_product=99; pinId=S4TjgVP4kjjnul02leqp07V9-x-f3wj7; pin=jd_60a1ab2940be3; unick=jd_60a1ab2940be3; ceshi3.com=000; _tp=672TNfWmOtaDFuqCPQqYycXMpi6F%2BRiwrhIuumNmoJ4%3D; _pst=jd_60a1ab2940be3; __jdc=122270672; shshshfp=4e8d45f57897e469586da47a0016f20e; ip_cityCode=142; CCC_SE=ADC_rzqTR2%2bUDTtHDYjJdX25PEGvHsBpPY%2bC9pRDVdNK7pU%2fwikRihpN3XEXZ1cn4Jd4w5OWdpJuduhBFwUvdeB6X1VFb7eIZkqL0OJvBn9RB6AJYo4An%2fGTiU%2b8rvqQwYxBI4QCM8a9w9kYQczygSjPxPjn1pbQLtBgo%2fzKBhwfKhAWs563NfBjmnRlkGHPX6E7jy6%2fEdfEhtkNSTCQod238cEpUFpKiQ%2bWV%2bW8MiaL3ti7d7ozdlNbZ03ylqRbI1XrXylDiqzW%2b2uALhF5H1eHuk3yH3t4ojXZmRbDy3k2OoZFk%2bcmrXD0eWhcIaD5RnhHbToYLuX%2byx7otaPuemTVAG4Z7CSyEfmUBAj7QuGmHg647a7KuoaR3hoCvxj%2f3woXdd2H9b40oqmJ5PO958Z1g%2fr7Jbk8a5w2CU547IaXRzakehLhW9xzG57Ak0Jhv85Jlt9A5N6hl%2ft4DSAwh%2bGhwg%3d%3d; unpl=JF8EAJJnNSttDBxWAxxSEkUVQg4EW1QKTx9TazcCAV8KSFICE1FIF0N7XlVdXhRKFR9vYhRUW1NPVA4ZBysSEXteVV1YCE0TAGlnNWRtW0tkBCsCHxMWQltTXF8LeycDZ2M1VFxZSlYGHQEbEBBCbWRbXQlKFQBpYQVQbVl7VTVZbEJTDBkCBxNdDEoRCmlgB1ZeaEpkBg; JSESSIONID=347F847A6818E35675648739BD4BA9FF.s1; __jda=122270672.1507876332.1640075637.1647251498.1647261295.13; thor=8D225D1673AA75681B9D3811417B0D325568BB2DD7F2729798D3AECF0428F59F7C70EA7504347F8E059F895AEE7D6E2662F565665845F0D94F2D7D56739CF3BC2B15F5F6E2ADDB891DDA80A9E9F88B7BA0BA95147512F78D28D8095E52379AB78550E451558DB6595C2270A1D5CFA2E211FF20F22ADA1987C6AE9E864DA6A7364D5BFD3EE08DA597D2EF2B37444CFD7A47134EFFD71B3A70B0C8BD55D51F274F; token=397b2c7c58f4021bbe9a9bbe9eeda694,3,915145; __tk=46fbcc7e51f75824dcdc2e8820904365,3,915145; shshshsID=5c5095f0b5728a839c0397308d625da5_1_1647261360535; __jdb=122270672.2.1507876332|13.1647261295; __jdv=122270672|jd.idey.cn|t_2024175271_|tuiguang|ef376a8f48ba48359a5a6d3c2769bb4b|1647261360584; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=24HI5ARAA3SK7RJERTWUDZKA2NYJIXX3ING24VG466VC3ANKUALJLLD7VBYLQ3QPRYUSO3R6QBJYLVTVXBDIGJLGBA",
"Accept": "*/*",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/99.0.4844.51 Safari/537.36 Edg/99.0.1150.39"
}
headers2 = {
"accept": "*/*",
"accept-encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"accept-language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,en-GB;q=0.7,en-US;q=0.6",
"cookie": "__jdu=1507876332; shshshfpa=2ea021ee-52dd-c54e-1be1-f5aa9e333af2-1640075639; areaId=5; PCSYCityID=CN_0_0_0; ipLoc-djd=5-142-42547-54561; pinId=S4TjgVP4kjjnul02leqp07V9-x-f3wj7; pin=jd_60a1ab2940be3; unick=jd_60a1ab2940be3; _tp=672TNfWmOtaDFuqCPQqYycXMpi6F%2BRiwrhIuumNmoJ4%3D; _pst=jd_60a1ab2940be3; user-key=a2aaf011-2c1e-4dea-bf76-3392d16b1fb1; __jdc=122270672; wlfstk_smdl=jlwwba2gmccq62touff9evvbp3fk8gbr; ceshi3.com=000; shshshfp=4e8d45f57897e469586da47a0016f20e; ip_cityCode=142; shshshfpb=n7UymiTWOsGPvQfCup%2B3J1g%3D%3D; joyya=1647305570.1647305909.27.0kop377; __jda=122270672.1507876332.1640075637.1647314039.1647318046.22; token=d5899471c4530886f6a9658cbea3ca94,3,915176; __tk=1570759a7dd1a720b0db2dec5df8d044,3,915176; CCC_SE=ADC_Wj0UWzuXioxsiUvbIxw9PbW9q011vNMASHkfjXFO%2fZlkeGDtZUHe5qgaEpWv8RDEkCruGSGmCItsvHjIZ3aHbh9heUjNIZh6WZl9ZDfDokk66kRX6I%2by%2bDsdf4JtPOQUuULSsWOA%2fcDyP7Bb91YuHOwNnciLtS97UIKO7XA5sAd34Rf4XDKijy6Fw1DFTx%2b7izzme6YALuLp9Y%2bByC6aUTDzU9te7g1BZXPXtfGGwqu52ZVkdVId2jpxPnhX24fFD9WI9aX1qgswZ1PPZSGYKswUkqXhIf2S9aLFkjXW2n61LVzw2ZeqJRQI8QIcmi%2fF7WHOHLbWScnKwG594WIk0SRiCa0n2aEJAhVlXmzEE%2f5%2f%2bXWsKhlneTLduVs52ST5m96zdx%2bLnNGgDERqznFNu3AT5zvLcN0PyVq08n4keSv2ngLLTZK4QQJslS4he9MT3XJoEUfe9L8beZNh1239eLHYF6w4KWMCWWTfwxdCUOY%3d; unpl=JF8EAJZnNSttDEhSAkwDE0dEGAoEWw8LSh9TbjRVXV5QHFIDGwMfGhd7XlVdXhRKFR9vYxRUXlNIUw4ZBysSEXteVV1YCE0TAGlnNWRtW0tkBCsCHxMWQltTXF8LeycDZ2M1VFxZSlYGGwcTEhhObWRbXQlKFQBpYQVQbVl7VTVNbBsTEUpcVVteDENaA2tmA11bX0lWBisDKxE; __jdv=122270672|jd.idey.cn|t_2024175271_|tuiguang|e276f09debfa4c209a0ba829f7710596|1647318395561; thor=8D225D1673AA75681B9D3811417B0D325568BB2DD7F2729798D3AECF0428F59F4C39726C44E930AA2DD868FC4BCA33EA0D52228F39A68FC9F5C1157433CAACF1110B20B6975502864453B70E6B21C0ED165B733359002643CD05BDBA37E4A673AF38CC827B6013BCB5961ADA022E57DB6811E99E10E9C4E6410D844CD129071F7646EC7CE120A0B3D2F768020B044A010452D9F8ABD67A59D41880DD1991935C; 3AB9D23F7A4B3C9B=24HI5ARAA3SK7RJERTWUDZKA2NYJIXX3ING24VG466VC3ANKUALJLLD7VBYLQ3QPRYUSO3R6QBJYLVTVXBDIGJLGBA; __jdb=122270672.5.1507876332|22.1647318046; shshshsID=d7a96097b296c895558adfd840546a72_5_1647318650562",
"referer": "https://search.jd.com/"
}

def crawlProductComment(url):
# 读取原始数据
try:
req = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers2).text
reqs = req.replace("fetchJSON_comment98(", "").strip(');')
print(reqs)
jsondata = json.loads(reqs)
# 遍历商品评论列表
comments = jsondata['comments']
return comments
except IOError:
print("Error: gbk不合适")

def getProduct(url):
# 爬取商品id
ids = []
req = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers2).text
reqs = req.replace("jQuery1544821(", "").strip(')')
jsondata = json.loads(reqs)['291']# 解析文件
for i in range(0, len(jsondata)):
ids.append(jsondata[i]['sku_id'])
print(ids)
return ids

# 将productid写成list形式
ids = []
for i in range(0,10):
product_id = getProduct(
"https://search-x.jd.com/Search?callback=jQuery1544821&area=5&enc=utf-8&keyword=%E7%94%B7%E5%A3%AB%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E9%9E%8B&adType=7&page="+str(i)+"&ad_ids=291%3A33&xtest=new_search&_=1647325621019")
time.sleep(random.randint(1, 3))
ids.append(product_id)

data = []
count = 0
# 去除重复productid，加快爬虫速度
for k in list(set(itertools.chain.from_iterable(ids))):
for i in range(0, 100):
# 通过更改page参数的值来循环读取多页评论信息
url = 'https://club.jd.com/comment/productPageComments.action?callback=fetchJSON_comment98&productId=' + str(
k) + '&score=1&sortType=5&page=' \
+ str(i) + '&pageSize=10&isShadowSku=0&fold=1'
comments = crawlProductComment(url)
if len(comments) <= 0:
break
print(comments)
data.extend(comments)
# 设置休眠时间
time.sleep(random.randint(1, 5))
print('-------', i)

print("这是第{}类商品".format(count))  

　　 # 每爬取一个商品就保存一个文件，防止爬虫中途中断（不建议使用追加，因为不同商品爬虫时生成的json文件有多个中括号，不适合解析）
with open('data2/shoes'+str(count)+'.json', 'w+', encoding='utf-8') as f:
json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)
count += 1

# 保存为最终文件
with open('data/shoes_all.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4)

三.爬虫结果：

结果以json形式输出，之后需要什么数据，直接解析即可

[{
"id": 16517111016,
"guid": "742b5c0124eb4da7c673f0405cd9b512",
"content": "上个月买了同款网眼的，穿的非常舒服，看到有冬款又买了，做工和穿着舒适度没得说！款式与某国外品牌类似！但价格相差十万八千里！",
"creationTime": "2021-10-25 18:25:44",
"isDelete": false,
"isTop": false,
"userImageUrl": "storage.360buyimg.com/i.imageUpload/6a645f3532393535313732373035373831343931363631383932333836_sma.jpg",
"topped": 0,
"replyCount": 0,
"score": 5,
"imageStatus": 1,
"usefulVoteCount": 0,
"userClient": 4,
"discussionId": 983275343,
"imageCount": 4,
"anonymousFlag": 1,
"plusAvailable": 201,
"mobileVersion": "10.2.0",
"images": [
{
"id": 1577587353,
"imgUrl": "//img30.360buyimg.com/n0/s128x96_jfs/t1/135814/13/20705/98256/61768626E72015f0f/167476690ac02dea.jpg",
"imgTitle": "",
"status": 0
},
{
"id": 1577587354,
"imgUrl": "//img30.360buyimg.com/n0/s128x96_jfs/t1/162488/7/27962/106230/61768627Ed0036d75/6e6987536e0bc545.jpg",
"imgTitle": "",
"status": 0
},
{
"id": 1577587355,
"imgUrl": "//img30.360buyimg.com/n0/s128x96_jfs/t1/156456/26/25453/120365/61768627E7cb4ead7/4030e3fe60102e8d.jpg",
"imgTitle": "",
"status": 0
},
{
"id": 1577587356,
"imgUrl": "//img30.360buyimg.com/n0/s128x96_jfs/t1/200969/9/13143/81333/61768628E2433528c/8a7607cae7c80ce4.jpg",
"imgTitle": "",
"status": 0
}
],
"mergeOrderStatus": 2,
"productColor": "黑色竖口系带",
"productSize": "39",
"textIntegral": 40,
"imageIntegral": 40,
"status": 1,
"referenceId": "30424977080",
"referenceTime": "2021-10-08 21:17:48",
"nickname": "****3",
"replyCount2": 0,
"userImage": "storage.360buyimg.com/i.imageUpload/6a645f3532393535313732373035373831343931363631383932333836_sma.jpg",
"orderId": 0,
"integral": 80,
"productSales": "[]",
"referenceImage": "jfs/t1/130672/22/26171/157596/622e31d5E051db120/2c09c9b8c5711f0b.jpg",
"referenceName": "金利来男鞋休闲运动皮鞋真皮软底英伦鞋子潮流户外旅游鞋波鞋男运动鞋 黑色竖口系带 41",
"firstCategory": 11729,
"secondCategory": 11730,
"thirdCategory": 6908,
"aesPin": null,
"days": 17,
"afterDays": 0
}]