王玉兰201771010128《面向对象与程序设计(Java)》第十一周学习总结
阅读原文时间:2023年07月10日阅读:2

一:理论知识部分:

(1)集合:集合(Collection或称为容器)是一种包含多个元素并提供对所包含元素操作方法的类,其包含的元素可以由同一类型的对象组成,也可以由不同类型的对象组成。

A:集合类的作用:
– Java的集合类提供了一些基本数据结构的支持。
– 例如Vector、Hashtable、Stack等。
. 集合类的使用:
– Java的集合类包含在java.util包中。
– import java.util.*;

B:集合类的特点:1 只容纳对象(数组可以容纳基本数据类型数据和对象。)

2集合类容纳的对象都是Object类的实例,一旦把一个对象置入集合类中,它的类信息将丢失,这样设计的目的是为了集合类的通用性。

– 因为Object类是所有类的祖先,所以可以在这些集合中存放任何类的对象而不受限制,但切记在使用集合成员之前必须对它重新造型。
(2)vector类

Vector类类似长度可变的数组。
 Vector中只能存放对象。
 Vector的元素通过下标进行访问。
 Vector类关键属性:
– capacity表示集合最多能容纳的元素个数。
– capacityIncrement表示每次增加多少容量。
– size表示集合当前元素个数。

(3)Stack类

Stack类是Vector的子类。
 Stack类描述堆栈数据结构,即LIFO。

(4)Hashtable类。

Hashtable通过键来查找元素。
 Hashtable用散列码(hashcode)来确定键。所
有对象都有一个散列码,可以通过Object类的
hashCode()方法获得。.

(5).集合框架中的基本接口:

A:Collection:集合层次中的根接口,JDK未提供这个接口的直接实现类。

B:Set:不能包含重复的元素。对象可能不是按存放的次序存放,也就是说不能像数组一样按索引的方式进行访问,SortedSet是一个按照升序排列元素的Set。

C:List:是一个有序的集合,可以包含重复的元素。提供了按索引访问的方式。

D:Map:包含了key-value对。Map不能包含重复的key。

E:SortedMap是一个按照升序排列key的Map。

(6)ArrayList

ArrayList:可以将其看作是能够自动增长容量的数组。
. 利用ArrayList的toArray()返回一个数组。
. Arrays.asList()返回一个列表。
. LinkedList是采用双向循环链表实现的。
. 利用LinkedList实现栈(stack)、队列(queue)、双向队列(double-ended queue )。
. ArrayList底层采用数组完成,而LinkedList则是以一般的双向链表(double-linked list)完成,其内每个对象除了数据本身外,还有两个引用,分别指向前一个元素和后一个元素。
. 如果经常在List 中进行插入和删除操作, 应该使用LinkedList,否则,使用ArrayList将更加快速。

(7)set

Set中的元素必须唯一。
. 添加到Set中的对象元素必须定义equals方法,以提供算法来判断欲添加进来的对象是否与已经存在的某对象相等,从而建立对象的唯一性。
. 实现Set 接口的类有HashSet,TreeSet。

(8)Map接口的方法

boolean containsKey(Object k) 检查调用映射中是否包含关键字K
. boolean containsValue(Object v) 检查调用映射中是否包含值V
. Object get(Object k) 返回与关键字k相关联的值
. boolean isEmpty( ) 如果调用映射是空的,则返回true;否则返回false
. Object put(Object k, Object v)将一个键值对加入调用映射
. Object remove(Object k) 删除关键字等于k的键值对
. int size( ) 返回映射中关键字/值对的个数
. Set entrySet( ) 返回包含了映射中的项的集合(Set)。该集合包含了类型Map.Entry的对象。这个方法为调用映射提供了一个集合“视图”
. Set keySet( ) 返回一个包含调用映射中关键字的集合(Set)。这个方法为调用映射的关键字提供了一个集合“视图”
. Collection values( )返回一个包含了映射中的值的类集。这个方法为映射中的值提供了一个类集“视图”

(9)Map接口

Map 接口的实现类主要有HashMap ,
TreeMap,Hashtable,Properties。
. Hashtable,Properties是JDK1.0/1.1中的。
. HashMap对key进行散列。
. TreeMap按照key进行排序。
. 和Set 类似, HashMap 的速度通常都比TreeMap快,只有在需要排序的功能的时候,才使用TreeMap。

二:实验

1、实验目的与要求

(1) 掌握VetorStackHashtable三个类的用途及常用API

(2) 了解java集合框架体系组成;

(3) 掌握ArrayListLinkList两个类的用途及常用API

(4) 了解HashSet类、TreeSet类的用途及常用API

(5)了解HashMapTreeMap两个类的用途及常用API

(6) 结对编程(Pair programming)练习,体验程序开发中的两人合作。

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1: 导入第9章示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1:

使用JDK命令运行编辑、运行以下三个示例程序,结合运行结果理解程序;

掌握Vetor、Stack、Hashtable三个类的用途及常用API。

//示例程序1

import java.util.Vector;

class Cat {

private int catNumber;

Cat(int i) {

catNumber = i;

}

void print() {

System.out.println("Cat #" + catNumber);

}

}

class Dog {

private int dogNumber;

Dog(int i) {

dogNumber = i;

}

void print() {

System.out.println("Dog #" + dogNumber);

}

}

public class CatsAndDogs {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Vector cats = new Vector();

for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)

cats.addElement(new Cat(i));

cats.addElement(new Dog(7));

for (int i = 0; i < cats.size(); i++)

((Cat) cats.elementAt(i)).print();

}

}

//示例程序2

import java.util.*;

public class Stacks {

static String[] months = { "1", "2", "3", "4" };

public static void main(String[] args) {

Stack stk = new Stack();

for (int i = 0; i < months.length; i++)

stk.push(months[i]);

System.out.println(stk);

System.out.println("element 2=" + stk.elementAt(2));

while (!stk.empty())

System.out.println(stk.pop());

}

}

//示例程序3

import java.util.*;

class Counter {

int i = 1;

public String toString() {

return Integer.toString(i);

}

}

public class Statistics {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();

for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {

Integer r = new Integer((int) (Math.random() * 20));

if (ht.containsKey(r))

((Counter) ht.get(r)).i++;

else

ht.put(r, new Counter());

}

System.out.println(ht);

}

}

import java.util.Vector;

class Cat {
private int catNumber;

Cat(int i) {  
    catNumber = i;  
}

void print() {  
    System.out.println("Cat #" + catNumber);  
}  

}

class Dog {
private int dogNumber;

Dog(int i) {  
    dogNumber = i;  
}

void print() {  
    System.out.println("Dog #" + dogNumber);  
}  

}

public class CatsAndDogs {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector cats = new Vector();//创建了Vector类
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
cats.addElement(new Cat(i));
cats.addElement(new Dog(7));
for (int i = 0; i < cats.size(); i++)
//instanceof用来判断内存中实际对象
if (cats.elementAt(i) instanceof Cat) {
((Cat) cats.elementAt(i)).print();
} else {

            ((Dog) cats.elementAt(i)).print();  
        }  
}  

}

  运行结果:

修改后:

import java.util.*;

public class Stacks {
static String[] months = { "1", "2", "3", "4" };

public static void main(String\[\] args) {  
    Stack stk = new Stack();//创建了Stack类  
    for (int i = 0; i < months.length; i++)  
        stk.push(months\[i\]);  
    System.out.println(stk);  
    System.out.println("element 2=" + stk.elementAt(2));  
    while (!stk.empty())  
        System.out.println(stk.pop());  
}  

}

import java.util.*;

class Counter {
int i = 1;

public String toString() {  
    return Integer.toString(i);  
}  

}

public class Statistics {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();//创建了Hashtable类
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
//用整形包装器生成了20个随机数
Integer r = new Integer((int) (Math.random() * 20));
//通过对象调用containskey方法
if (ht.containsKey(r))
//判断r值是不是ht里的健值,如果是返回ture,不是返回Flash
((Counter) ht.get(r)).i++;
else
//通过Counter类对象引用类内部的属性
ht.put(r, new Counter());
//调用put方法向hash表中添加信息(缺省的构造器,其属性值是初始值1
}
System.out.println(ht);
}
}

  

测试程序2:

使用JDK命令编辑运行ArrayListDemo和LinkedListDemo两个程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

import java.util.*;

public class ArrayListDemo {

public static void main(String[] argv) {

ArrayList al = new ArrayList();

// Add lots of elements to the ArrayList…

al.add(new Integer(11));

al.add(new Integer(12));

al.add(new Integer(13));

al.add(new String("hello"));

// First print them out using a for loop.

System.out.println("Retrieving by index:");

for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) {

System.out.println("Element " + i + " = " + al.get(i));

}

}

}

import java.util.*;

public class LinkedListDemo {

public static void main(String[] argv) {

LinkedList l = new LinkedList();

l.add(new Object());

l.add("Hello");

l.add("zhangsan");

ListIterator li = l.listIterator(0);

while (li.hasNext())

System.out.println(li.next());

if (l.indexOf("Hello") < 0)

System.err.println("Lookup does not work");

else

System.err.println("Lookup works");

}

}

import java.util.*;

public class ArrayListDemo {
public static void main(String[] argv) {
ArrayList al = new ArrayList();//创建了Arraylist数组
// Add lots of elements to the ArrayList…
//用Add来添加对象且可以重载
al.add(new Integer(11));//在当前位置添加一个元素11
al.add(new Integer(12));
al.add(new Integer(13));
al.add(new String("hello"));
System.out.println(al.size());
//首先用一个For循环打印出来
// First print them out using a for loop.
System.out.println("Retrieving by index:");
for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Element " + i + " = " + al.get(i));
}
}
}

  运行结果:

修改后

import java.util.*;
public class LinkedListDemo {
public static void main(String[] argv) {
LinkedList l = new LinkedList();//构建LinkedList链表类
l.add(new Object());//在当前位置添加一个对象
l.add("Hello");
l.add("zhangsan");
System.out.println(l.size());//输出l的长度
ListIterator li = l.listIterator(0);//用迭代器生成对象
while (li.hasNext())//如果存在可访问的元素可以返回ture
System.out.println(li.next());
if (l.indexOf("Hello") < 0)
System.err.println("Lookup does not work");
else
System.err.println("Lookup works");
}
}

  

修改后:

在Elipse环境下编辑运行调试教材360页程序9-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

掌握ArrayList、LinkList两个类的用途及常用API。

package linkedList;

import java.util.*;

/**
* This program demonstrates operations on linked lists.
* @version 1.12 2018-04-10
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class LinkedListTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
var a = new LinkedList();//
a.add("Amy");
a.add("Carl");
a.add("Erica");

  var b = new LinkedList<String>();  
  b.add("Bob");  
  b.add("Doug");  
  b.add("Frances");  
  b.add("Gloria");

  // 将单词从b合并为a

  ListIterator<String> aIter = a.listIterator();  
  Iterator<String> bIter = b.iterator();

  while (bIter.hasNext())  
  {  
     if (aIter.hasNext()) aIter.next();  
     aIter.add(bIter.next());  
  }

  System.out.println(a);

//从b中删除每个第二个单词
bIter = b.iterator();
while (bIter.hasNext())
{
bIter.next(); // skip one element
if (bIter.hasNext())
{
bIter.next(); // skip next element
bIter.remove(); // remove that element
//删除该元素
}
}

  System.out.println(b);

  // bulk operation: remove all words in b from a

  a.removeAll(b);

  System.out.println(a);  

}
}

运行结果:

测试程序3:

运行SetDemo程序,结合运行结果理解程序;

import java.util.*;

public class SetDemo {

public static void main(String[] argv) {

HashSet h = new HashSet(); //也可以 Set h=new HashSet()

h.add("One");

h.add("Two");

h.add("One"); // DUPLICATE

h.add("Three");

Iterator it = h.iterator();

while (it.hasNext()) {

System.out.println(it.next());

}

}

}

package linkedList;

import java.util.*;

public class SetDemo {
public static void main(String[] argv) {
HashSet h = new HashSet(); // 也可以 Set h=new HashSet()
h.add("One");
h.add("Two");
h.add("One"); // DUPLICATE
h.add("Three");
Iterator it = h.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}
}
}

运行结果:

在Elipse环境下调试教材365页程序9-2,结合运行结果理解程序;了解HashSet类的用途及常用API。

package set;

import java.util.*;

/**
* This program uses a set to print all unique words in System.in.
* @version 1.12 2015-06-21
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class SetTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
var words = new HashSet();
long totalTime = 0;

  try (var in = new Scanner(System.in))  
  {  
     while (in.hasNext())  
     {  
        String word = in.next();  
        long callTime = System.currentTimeMillis();  
        words.add(word);  
        callTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - callTime;  
        totalTime += callTime;  
     }  
  }

  Iterator<String> iter = words.iterator();  
  for (int i = 1; i <= 20 && iter.hasNext(); i++)  
     System.out.println(iter.next());  
  System.out.println(". . .");  
  System.out.println(words.size() + " distinct words. " + totalTime + " milliseconds.");  

}
}

在Elipse环境下调试教材367页-368程序9-3、9-4,结合程序运行结果理解程序;了解TreeSet类的用途及常用API。

package treeSet;

import java.util.*;

/**
* An item with a description and a part number.
*/
public class Item implements Comparable
{
private String description;
private int partNumber;

/**
* Constructs an item.
* @param aDescription the item's description
* @param aPartNumber the item's part number
*/
public Item(String aDescription, int aPartNumber)
{
description = aDescription;
partNumber = aPartNumber;
}

/**
* Gets the description of this item.
* @return the description
*/
public String getDescription()
{
return description;
}

public String toString()
{
return "[description=" + description + ", partNumber=" + partNumber + "]";
}

public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
{
if (this == otherObject) return true;
if (otherObject == null) return false;
if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false;
var other = (Item) otherObject;
return Objects.equals(description, other.description) && partNumber == other.partNumber;
}

public int hashCode()
{
return Objects.hash(description, partNumber);
}

public int compareTo(Item other)
{
int diff = Integer.compare(partNumber, other.partNumber);
return diff != 0 ? diff : description.compareTo(other.description);
}
}

package treeSet;

import java.util.*;

/**
* This program sorts a set of Item objects by comparing their descriptions.
* @version 1.13 2018-04-10
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class TreeSetTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
var parts = new TreeSet();
parts.add(new Item("Toaster", 1234));
parts.add(new Item("Widget", 4562));
parts.add(new Item("Modem", 9912));
System.out.println(parts);

  var sortByDescription = new TreeSet<Item>(  
        Comparator.comparing(Item::getDescription));

  sortByDescription.addAll(parts);  
  System.out.println(sortByDescription);  

}
}

测试程序4:

使用JDK命令运行HashMapDemo程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

import java.util.*;

public class HashMapDemo {

public static void main(String[] argv) {

HashMap h = new HashMap();

// The hash maps from company name to address.

h.put("Adobe", "Mountain View, CA");

h.put("IBM", "White Plains, NY");

h.put("Sun", "Mountain View, CA");

String queryString = "Adobe";

String resultString = (String)h.get(queryString);

System.out.println("They are located in: " +  resultString);

}

}

import java.util.*;

public class HashMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] argv) {
HashMap h = new HashMap();
// 从公司名称到地址的哈希映射
h.put("Adobe", "Mountain View, CA");
h.put("IBM", "White Plains, NY");
h.put("Sun", "Mountain View, CA");
String queryString = "Adobe";
String resultString = (String) h.get(queryString);
System.out.println("They are located in: " + resultString);
}
}

在Elipse环境下调试教材373页程序9-6,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

了解HashMap、TreeMap两个类的用途及常用API。

package map;

/**
* A minimalist employee class for testing purposes.
*/
public class Employee
{
private String name;
private double salary;

/**
* Constructs an employee with $0 salary.
* @param n the employee name
*/
public Employee(String name)
{
this.name = name;
salary = 0;
}

public String toString()
{
return "[name=" + name + ", salary=" + salary + "]";
}
}

package map;

import java.util.*;

/**
* This program demonstrates the use of a map with key type String and value type Employee.
* @version 1.12 2015-06-21
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class MapTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
var staff = new HashMap();
staff.put("144-25-5464", new Employee("Amy Lee"));
staff.put("567-24-2546", new Employee("Harry Hacker"));
staff.put("157-62-7935", new Employee("Gary Cooper"));
staff.put("456-62-5527", new Employee("Francesca Cruz"));

  // 打印所有的病例

  System.out.println(staff);

  // 删除条目

  staff.remove("567-24-2546");  

//替换条目

   staff.put("456-62-5527", new Employee("Francesca Miller"));

  // 查找值

  System.out.println(staff.get("157-62-7935"));

  // 遍历所有的肠道

  staff.forEach((k, v) ->  
     System.out.println("key=" + k + ", value=" + v));  

}
}

实验2:结对编程练习:

l 关于结对编程:以下图片是一个结对编程场景:两位学习伙伴坐在一起,面对着同一台显示器,使用着同一键盘,同一个鼠标,他们一起思考问题,一起分析问题,一起编写程序。

l 关于结对编程的阐述可参见以下链接:

http://www.cnblogs.com/xinz/archive/2011/08/07/2130332.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_programming

l 对于结对编程中代码设计规范的要求参考:

http://www.cnblogs.com/xinz/archive/2011/11/20/2255971.html

以下实验,就让我们来体验一下结对编程的魅力。

l 确定本次实验结对编程合作伙伴;

合作伙伴:汪慧和

l 各自运行合作伙伴实验九编程练习1,结合使用体验对所运行程序提出完善建议;

l 采用结对编程方式,与学习伙伴合作完成实验九编程练习1;

伙伴的代码:

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class M{
private static ArrayList studentlist;
public static void main(String[] args) {
studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
File file = new File("D:\\身份证号.txt");
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
String temp = null;
while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {

            Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);

            linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");  
            String name = linescanner.next();  
            String number = linescanner.next();  
            String sex = linescanner.next();  
            String age = linescanner.next();  
            String province =linescanner.nextLine();  
            Test student = new Test();  
            student.setName(name);  
            student.setnumber(number);  
            student.setsex(sex);  
            int a = Integer.parseInt(age);  
            student.setage(a);  
            student.setprovince(province);  
            studentlist.add(student);

        }  
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  
        System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
        System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    }  
    boolean isTrue = true;  
    while (isTrue) {

        System.out.println("1:字典排序");  
        System.out.println("2:输出年龄最大和年龄最小的人");  
        System.out.println("3:寻找老乡");  
        System.out.println("4:寻找年龄相近的人");  
        System.out.println("5:退出");  
        String m = scanner.next();  
        switch (m) {  
        case "1":  
            Collections.sort(studentlist);  
            System.out.println(studentlist.toString());  
            break;  
        case "2":  
             int max=0,min=100;  
             int j,k1 = 0,k2=0;  
             for(int i=1;i<studentlist.size();i++)  
             {  
                 j=studentlist.get(i).getage();  
             if(j>max)  
             {  
                 max=j;  
                 k1=i;  
             }  
             if(j<min)  
             {  
               min=j;  
               k2=i;  
             }

             }  
             System.out.println("年龄最大:"+studentlist.get(k1));  
             System.out.println("年龄最小:"+studentlist.get(k2));  
            break;  
        case "3":  
             System.out.println("province?");  
             String find = scanner.next();  
             String place=find.substring(0,3);  
             for (int i = 0; i <studentlist.size(); i++)  
             {  
                 if(studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1,4).equals(place))  
                     System.out.println("province"+studentlist.get(i));  
             }  
             break;

        case "4":  
            System.out.println("年龄:");  
            int yourage = scanner.nextInt();  
            int near=agematched(yourage);  
            int value=yourage-studentlist.get(near).getage();  
            System.out.println(""+studentlist.get(near));  
            break;  
        case "5":  
            isTrue = false;  
            System.out.println("退出程序!");  
            break;  
            default:  
            System.out.println("输入有误");

        }  
    }  
}  
    public static int agematched(int age) {  
    int j=0,min=53,value=0,k=0;  
     for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++)  
     {  
         value=studentlist.get(i).getage()-age;  
         if(value<0) value=-value;  
         if (value<min)  
         {  
            min=value;  
            k=i;  
         }  
      }  
     return k;  
  }

}

public class Test implements Comparable {

private String name;  
private String number ;  
private String sex ;  
private int age;  
private String province;

public String getName() {  
    return name;  
}  
public void setName(String name) {  
    this.name = name;  
}  
public String getnumber() {  
    return number;  
}  
public void setnumber(String number) {  
    this.number = number;  
}  
public String getsex() {  
    return sex ;  
}  
public void setsex(String sex ) {  
    this.sex =sex ;  
}  
public int getage() {

    return age;  
    }  
    public void setage(int age) {

    this.age= age;  
    }

public String getprovince() {  
    return province;  
}  
public void setprovince(String province) {  
    this.province=province ;  
}

public int compareTo(Test o) {  
   return this.name.compareTo(o.getName());  
}

public String toString() {  
    return  name+"\\t"+sex+"\\t"+age+"\\t"+number+"\\t"+province+"\\n";  
}

}

l 各自运行合作伙伴实验十编程练习2,结合使用体验对所运行程序提出完善建议;

package 练习2;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Suanshu1 {
public static void main(String[] args) {

    Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);  
    Suanshu Suanshu=new Suanshu();  
    PrintWriter output = null;  
    try {  
        output = new PrintWriter("ss.txt");  
    } catch (Exception e) {  
        //e.printStackTrace();  
    }  
    int sum = 0;

    for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) {  
        int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100);  
        int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100);  
        int s = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 3);

       switch(s)  
       {  
       case 1:  
           System.out.println(i+": "+a+"/"+b+"=");  
           while(b==0){  
               b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100);  
               }  
           double c = in.nextDouble();  
           output.println(a+"/"+b+"="+c);  
           if (c == Suanshu.chu\_fa(a, b)) {  
               sum += 10;  
               System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");  
           }  
           else {  
               System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");  
           }

           break;

       case 2:  
           System.out.println(i+": "+a+"\*"+b+"=");  
           int c1 = in.nextInt();  
           output.println(a+"\*"+b+"="+c1);  
           if (c1 == Suanshu.chen\_fa(a, b)) {  
               sum += 10;  
               System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");  
           }  
           else {  
               System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");  
           }  
           break;  
       case 3:  
           System.out.println(i+": "+a+"+"+b+"=");  
           int c2 = in.nextInt();  
           output.println(a+"+"+b+"="+c2);  
           if (c2 == Suanshu.jia\_fa(a, b)) {  
               sum += 10;  
               System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");  
           }  
           else {  
               System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");  
           }

           break ;  
       case 4:  
           System.out.println(i+": "+a+"-"+b+"=");  
           int c3 = in.nextInt();  
           output.println(a+"-"+b+"="+c3);  
           if (c3 == Suanshu.jian\_fa(a, b)) {  
               sum += 10;  
               System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");  
           }  
           else {  
               System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");  
           }  
           break ;

           } 

      }  
    System.out.println("成绩"+sum);  
    output.println("成绩:"+sum);  
    output.close();

}  

}

package 练习2;

public class Suanshu
{
private int a;
private int b;
public int jia_fa(int a,int b)
{
return a+b;
}
public int jian_fa(int a,int b)
{
if((a-b)<0)
return 0;
else
return a-b;
}
public int chen_fa(int a,int b)
{
return a*b;
}
public int chu_fa(int a,int b)
{
if(b!=0)
return a/b;
else
return 0;
}

}

l 采用结对编程方式,与学习伙伴合作完成实验九编程练习1;

package ID;

import java.io.BufferedReader;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStreamReader;

import java.util.ArrayList;

import java.util.Arrays;

import java.util.Collections;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Main{

private static ArrayList<People> Peoplelist;

public static void main(String\[\] args) {

     Peoplelist = new ArrayList<>();

    Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

    File file = new File("D:\\\\java\\\\1\\\\身份证号.txt");

    try {

        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);

        BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));

        String temp = null;

        while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {

            Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);

            linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");    

            String name = linescanner.next();

            String ID = linescanner.next();

            String sex = linescanner.next();

            String age = linescanner.next();

            String place =linescanner.nextLine();

            People People = new people();

            People.setname(name);

            People.setID(ID);

            People.setsex(sex);

            int a = Integer.parseInt(age);

            People.setage(a);

            People.setbirthplace(place);

            Peoplelist.add(People);

        }

    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

        System.out.println("查找不到信息");

        e.printStackTrace();

    } catch (IOException e) {

        System.out.println("信息读取有误");

        e.printStackTrace();

    }

    boolean isTrue = true;

    while (isTrue) {

        System.out.println("————————————————————————————————————————");

        System.out.println("1:按姓名字典序输出人员信息");

        System.out.println("2:查询最大年龄人员信息和最小年龄人员信息");

        System.out.println("3:输入你的年龄,查询年龄与你最近人的所有信息");

        System.out.println("4:查询人员中是否有你的同乡");

        int nextInt = scanner.nextInt();

        switch (nextInt) {

        case 1:

            Collections.sort( Peoplelist);

            System.out.println( Peoplelist.toString());

            break;

        case 2:

            int max=0,min=100;int j,k1 = 0,k2=0;

            for(int i=1;i< Peoplelist.size();i++)

            {

                j= Peoplelist.get(i).getage();

               if(j>max)

               {

                   max=j; 

                   k1=i;

               }

               if(j<min)

               {

                   min=j; 

                   k2=i;

               }

            }  

            System.out.println("年龄最大:"+ Peoplelist.get(k1));

            System.out.println("年龄最小:"+ Peoplelist.get(k2));

            break;

        case 3:

            System.out.println("place?");

            String find = scanner.next();        

            String place=find.substring(0,3);

            String place2=find.substring(0,3);

            for (int i = 0; i < Peoplelist.size(); i++) 

            {

                if( Peoplelist.get(i).getbirthplace().substring(1,4).equals(place)) 

                    System.out.println(Peoplelist.get(i));

            } 

            break;

        case 4:

            System.out.println("年龄:");

            int yourage = scanner.nextInt();

            int near=agenear(yourage);

            int d\_value=yourage-Peoplelist.get(near).getage();

            System.out.println(""+Peoplelist.get(near));

       /\*     for (int i = 0; i < Peoplelist.size(); i++)

            {

                int p=Personlist.get(i).getage()-yourage;

                if(p<0) p=-p;

                if(p==d\_value) System.out.println(Peoplelist.get(i));

            }   \*/

            break;

        case 5:

       isTrue = false;

       System.out.println("退出程序!");

            break;

        default:

            System.out.println("输入有误");

        }

    }

}

public static int agenear(int age) {

   int min=25,d\_value=0,k=0;

    for (int i = 0; i <  Peoplelist.size(); i++)

    {

        d\_value= Peoplelist.get(i).getage()-age;

        if(d\_value<0) d\_value=-d\_value; 

        if (d\_value<min) 

        {

           min=d\_value;

           k=i;

        }

     }    return k;

 }

}

package ID;

public abstract class People implements Comparable {

private String name;

private String ID;

private int age;

private String sex;

private String birthplace;

public String getname() {

return name;

}

public void setname(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public String getID() {

return ID;

}

public void setID(String ID) {

this.ID= ID;

}

public int getage() {

return age;

}

public void setage(int age) {

// int a = Integer.parseInt(age);

this.age= age;

}

public String getsex() {

return sex;

}

public void setsex(String sex) {

this.sex= sex;

}

public String getbirthplace() {

return birthplace;

}

public void setbirthplace(String birthplace) {

this.birthplace= birthplace;

}

public int compareTo(People o) {

return this.name.compareTo(o.getname());

}

public String toString() {

return  name+"\\t"+sex+"\\t"+age+"\\t"+ID+"\\t"+birthplace+"\\n";

}

}

l 采用结对编程方式,与学习伙伴合作完成实验九编程练习2;

import java.io

.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io

.PrintWriter;

import java.util.Scanner;

public class jisuan{

public static void main(String\[\] args) {

    Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in 

);

    Caculator1 computing=new Caculator1();

    PrintWriter output = null;

    try {

        output = new PrintWriter("Caculator.txt");

    } catch (Exception e) {

    }

    int sum = 0;

    for (int i = 1; i < 11; i++) {

        int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100);

        int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100);

        int s = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 3);

    switch(s)

    {

       case 1:

           System.out.println(i+": "+a+"/"+b+"=");

           while(b==0){  

               b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100); 

               }

           double c = in.nextDouble();

           output.println(a+"/"+b+"="+c);

           if (c == (double)computing.division(a, b)) {

               sum += 10;

               System.out.println("正确");

           }

           else {

               System.out.println("错误");

           }

           break;

       case 2:

           System.out.println(i+": "+a+"\*"+b+"=");

           int c1 = in.nextInt();

           output.println(a+"\*"+b+"="+c1);

           if (c1 == computing.multiplication(a, b)) {

               sum += 10;

               System.out.println("正确");

           }

           else {

               System.out.println("错误");

           }

           break;

       case 3:

           System.out.println(i+": "+a+"+"+b+"=");

           int c2 = in.nextInt();

           output.println(a+"+"+b+"="+c2);

           if (c2 == computing.addition(a, b)) {

               sum += 10;

               System.out.println("正确");

           }

           else {

               System.out.println("错误");

           }

           break ;

       case 4:

           System.out.println(i+": "+a+"-"+b+"=");

           int c3 = in.nextInt();

           output.println(a+"-"+b+"="+c3);

           if (c3 == computing.subtraction(a, b)) {

               sum += 10;

               System.out.println("正确");

           }

           else {

               System.out.println("错误");

           }

           break ;

           } 

      }

    System.out.println("scores:"+sum);

    output.println("scores:"+sum);

    output.close();

}

}

实验总结:本章先回顾了数据结构中的相关知识,然后介绍集合类的特点及作用,通过实验验证了vector类,stack类,hashtable等的用法,在周四的实验课上,在学长的示范下,初次知道了instanceof的用法,换言之了解API是根本,在不会相关的知识时及时查询,接下来就要好好复习数据结构的内容了,因为掌握的不好。

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