BDD Cucumber 实战

阅读原文时间：2023年07月11日阅读：1

cucumber

cucumber 是一个用于执行 BDD 的自动化测试工具。

用户指南

创建 Spring Boot 项目并引入依赖

http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
4.0.0
org.springframework.boot spring-boot-starter-parent 2.1.1.RELEASE
org.zxd
behavior-driven-development-in-action
1.0.0
behavior-driven-development-in-action
behavior-driven-development-in-action

<properties>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <cucumber.version>4.2.0</cucumber.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.guava/guava -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
        <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
        <version>27.0-jre</version>
    </dependency>&lt;dependency&gt;
    &lt;groupId&gt;org.projectlombok&lt;/groupId&gt;
    &lt;artifactId&gt;lombok&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    &lt;optional&gt;true&lt;/optional&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;

&lt;!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io --&gt;
&lt;dependency&gt;
    &lt;groupId&gt;commons-io&lt;/groupId&gt;
    &lt;artifactId&gt;commons-io&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    &lt;version&gt;2.6&lt;/version&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;

&lt;!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-lang3 --&gt;
&lt;dependency&gt;
    &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.commons&lt;/groupId&gt;
    &lt;artifactId&gt;commons-lang3&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    &lt;version&gt;3.8.1&lt;/version&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;

&lt;!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.commons/commons-collections4 --&gt;
&lt;dependency&gt;
    &lt;groupId&gt;org.apache.commons&lt;/groupId&gt;
    &lt;artifactId&gt;commons-collections4&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    &lt;version&gt;4.2&lt;/version&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;

&lt;!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-java --&gt;
&lt;dependency&gt;
    &lt;groupId&gt;io.cucumber&lt;/groupId&gt;
    &lt;artifactId&gt;cucumber-java&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    &lt;version&gt;${cucumber.version}&lt;/version&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;

&lt;!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-java --&gt;
&lt;dependency&gt;
    &lt;groupId&gt;io.cucumber&lt;/groupId&gt;
    &lt;artifactId&gt;cucumber-core&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    &lt;version&gt;${cucumber.version}&lt;/version&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;

&lt;!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-java --&gt;
&lt;dependency&gt;
    &lt;groupId&gt;io.cucumber&lt;/groupId&gt;
    &lt;artifactId&gt;cucumber-junit&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    &lt;version&gt;${cucumber.version}&lt;/version&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;

&lt;!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.cucumber/cucumber-java --&gt;
&lt;dependency&gt;
    &lt;groupId&gt;io.cucumber&lt;/groupId&gt;
    &lt;artifactId&gt;cucumber-spring&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    &lt;version&gt;${cucumber.version}&lt;/version&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;

&lt;dependency&gt;
    &lt;groupId&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/groupId&gt;
    &lt;artifactId&gt;spring-boot-starter-web&lt;/artifactId&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;

&lt;dependency&gt;
    &lt;groupId&gt;org.springframework.boot&lt;/groupId&gt;
    &lt;artifactId&gt;spring-boot-starter-test&lt;/artifactId&gt;
    &lt;scope&gt;test&lt;/scope&gt;
&lt;/dependency&gt;</dependencies>

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        </plugin>    &lt;plugin&gt;
        &lt;groupId&gt;org.codehaus.mojo&lt;/groupId&gt;
        &lt;artifactId&gt;exec-maven-plugin&lt;/artifactId&gt;
        &lt;configuration&gt;
            &lt;source&gt;1.8&lt;/source&gt;
            &lt;target&gt;1.8&lt;/target&gt;
        &lt;/configuration&gt;
        &lt;executions&gt;
            &lt;execution&gt;
                &lt;phase&gt;integration-test&lt;/phase&gt;
                &lt;goals&gt;
                    &lt;goal&gt;java&lt;/goal&gt;
                &lt;/goals&gt;
                &lt;configuration&gt;
                    &lt;classpathScope&gt;test&lt;/classpathScope&gt;
                    &lt;mainClass&gt;org.zxd.bdd.cucumber.CucumberTest.java&lt;/mainClass&gt;
                    &lt;arguments&gt;
                        &lt;argument&gt;--plugin&lt;/argument&gt;
                        &lt;argument&gt;pretty&lt;/argument&gt;
                        &lt;argument&gt;--glue&lt;/argument&gt;
                        &lt;argument&gt;src/test/resources/&lt;/argument&gt;
                    &lt;/arguments&gt;
                &lt;/configuration&gt;
            &lt;/execution&gt;
        &lt;/executions&gt;
    &lt;/plugin&gt;
&lt;/plugins&gt;
</build>

编写特性文件 TodoList.feature

#Author: zxd
#Keywords 概要
#Feature: 场景列表
#Scenario: 通过带有参数的步骤列表验证业务规则
#Given: 一些前置步骤
#When: 执行核心操作
#Then: 验证结果
#And,But: 列举更多的步骤
#Scenario Outline: 数据驱动的步骤列表
#Examples: Container for s table
#Background: 在每个场景之前运行的步骤列表
#""" (Doc Strings)
#| (Data Tables)
#@ (Tags/Labels):场景分组
#<> (placeholder)
#""

(Comments)

#Sample Feature Definition Template
@tag
Feature: 任务特性

@tag1
Scenario Outline: 执行任务
Given 任务列表有个任务
When 我完成了个
Then 任务列表还剩下个任务
Examples:
| total | done | left |
| 5 | 2 | 3 |
实现该特性

@Builder
@Getter
public class TodoList {
private int total;
public void doTask(int count) {
if (count > total || count < 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("count is invalid "+count);
}
total = total - count;
}
}
配置测试组件

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
/**
- features 用于指定特性文件的根目录
- plugin 用于指定报告插件
  */
  @CucumberOptions(features = "src/test/resources", plugin = { "pretty", "html:target/cucumber-report/",
  "json:target/cucumber-report/cucumber.json" })
  public class CucumberTest {
  }
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = BehaviorDrivenDevelopmentInActionApplication.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@SpringBootTest
public class BaseDefs{}

编写测试规范

public class TodoListTest extends BaseDefs {
TodoList todoList;

@Given("^任务列表有 (\\d+) 个任务$")
public void given(int total) throws Throwable {
    todoList = TodoList.builder().total(total).build();
}

@When("^我完成了 (\\d+) 个$")
public void when(int done) throws Throwable {
    todoList.doTask(done);
}

@Then("^任务列表还剩下 (\\d+) 个任务$")
public void then(int left) throws Throwable {
    assertEquals(left, todoList.getTotal());
}

}

运行测试用例

选中 CucumberTest 运行测试并查看报告

手机扫一扫

移动阅读更方便

你可能感兴趣的文章

透过 Cucumber 学习 BDD

BDD Cucumber 实战

cucumber

用户指南

(Comments)