Prometheus监控实战应用
阅读原文时间:2022年05月04日阅读:1

目录

1.Prometheus的主要特征及概述

概述:

Prometheus(由go语言(golang)开发)是一套开源的监控&报警&时间序列数据库的组合。适合监控docker容器。因为kubernetes(俗称k8s)的流行带动了prometheus的发展。

时间序列数据特点:
1.性能好
2.存储成本低,高效的压缩算法,节省存储空间,有效降低IO。

Prometheus有着非常高效的时间序列数据存储方法,每个采样数据仅仅占用3.5byte左右空间,上百万条时间序列,30秒间隔,保留60天,大概花了200多G(来自官方数据)

特征:

1.多维度数据模型
2.灵活的查询语言
3.不依赖分布式存储,单个服务器节点是自主的
4.以HTTP方式,通过pull模型拉去时间序列数据
5.也可以通过中间网关支持push模型
6.通过服务发现或者静态配置,来发现目标服务对象
7.支持多种多样的图表和界面展示

2.普罗米修斯原理架构图

3.下载安装启动Prometheus

官网下载地址:https://prometheus.io/download/
//下载
wgt https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.35.0/prometheus-2.35.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
//解压
tar -xf prometheus-2.35.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
//改名
mv prometheus-2.35.0.linux-amd64 prometheus
//默认启动
nohup ./prometheus --config.file="/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml" &
//端口检查
lsof -i:9090
ss -naltp |grep 9090

//浏览器访问192.168.0.215:9090

4.web客户端操作

//浏览器访问192.168.0.215:9090
默认监控本机

5.默认图像

6.目录解释

console_libraries目录:
consoles目录:
LICENSE问价:
NOTICE文件:
prometheus文件:默认启动的可执行文件
prometheus.yml配置文件:默认配置文件
promtool文件:

7.配置文件

vi prometheus.yml

global:
  scrape_interval:     60s # 拉取时间间隔
  evaluation_interval: 60s # 告警时间间隔

- job_name: "prometheus"  #监控名称取名字
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["localhost:9090"] #被监控机器的ip和端口

8.监控指标

指标配置下载:https://prometheus.io/download/


在其他机器安装node_exporter,端口9100

第一步:下载安装node_exporter

//下载
wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.3.1/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
//解压
tar -xf node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//改名
mv node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64 node_exporter
//启动
nohup /usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter &
//浏览器输入,监控数据,端口9100
http://192.168.0.216:9100/metrics

第二步:配置到prometheus

vi /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml

  - job_name: "node"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["192.168.0.216:9100"]
        labels:
          instance: 192.168.0.216
          group: node
      - targets: ["192.168.0.247:9100"]
        labels:
          instance: 192.168.0.247
          group: node
      - targets: ["192.168.0.235:9100"]
        labels:
          instance: 192.168.0.235
          group: node
      - targets: ["192.168.0.236:9100"]
        labels:
          instance: 192.168.0.236
          group: node

//重启prometheus
lsof -i:9090
kill -9 xxxx
nohup ./prometheus &

查看:

第一步:下载安装mysqld_exporter

端口:9104

//下载
wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.14.0/mysqld_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

//解压
tar -xf mysqld_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//改名
mv mysqld_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64 mysqld_exporter
//创建mysqld_exporter需要使用mysql的用户名和密码,文件需要手动创建
vi /usr/local/mysqld_exporter/my.cnf
[client]
host=192.168.0.215
user=root
password=123456
port=3306
//启动mysqld_exporter
nohup ./mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=./my.cnf &
//检查端口
lsof -i:9104

第二步:配置到prometheus

vi /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml

- job_name: "sg-215-mysql"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["192.168.0.215:9104"]

//重启prometheus
lsof -i:9090
kill -9 xxxx
nohup ./prometheus &

查看:

第一步:下载安装postgres_exporter

//下载
wget https://github.com/prometheus-community/postgres_exporter/releases/download/v0.10.1/postgres_exporter-0.10.1.linux-386.tar.gz
//解压
tar -xf postgres_exporter-0.10.1.linux-386.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//改名
mv postgres_exporter-0.10.1.linux-386 postgres_exporter
//添加环境变量
export DATA_SOURCE_NAME="postgresql://postgres:iLoveShark@192.168.0.247:32432/postgres?sslmode=disable"
//启动
nohup ./postgres_exporter &
//浏览器输入:http://192.168.0.215:9187/metrics

第二步:配置到prometheus

- job_name: "postgreSql"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["192.168.0.215:9187"]
        labels:
          instance: 192.168.0.247:32432
          group: postgreSql
      - targets: ["192.168.0.216:9187"]
        labels:
          instance: hk-center.pg.rds.aliyuncs.com:5432
          group: postgreSql

第一步:下载安装redis_exporter

//下载
wget https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter/releases/download/v1.37.0/redis_exporter-v1.37.0.linux-386.tar.gz
//解压
tar -xf redis_exporter-v1.37.0.linux-386.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//改名
mv redis_exporter-v1.37.0.linux-386 redis_exporter
//启动
./redis_exporter -help //查看参数
nohup ./redis_exporter -redis.addr 192.168.0.247:30279 & //无密码
nohup ./redis_exporter -redis.addr 192.168.0.247:30279 -redis.password 123456 & //有密码

//浏览器输入:http://192.168.0.215:9121/metrics

第二步:配置到prometheus

- job_name: "redis"
    static_configs:
      - targets: ["192.168.0.215:9121"]
        labels:
          instance: 192.168.0.247:30279
          group: redis

9.监控站点

HTTP 测试: 定义 Request Header 信息、判断 Http status / Http Respones Header / Http Body 内容
TCP 测试:  业务组件端口状态监听、应用层协议定义与监听
ICMP 测试: 主机探活机制
POST 测试: 接口联通性
SSL证书过期时间


https://prometheus.io/download/

//下载
wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.20.0/blackbox_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
//解压
tar -xf blackbox_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//改名
mv blackbox_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64 blackbox_exporter
//启动
nohup ./blackbox_exporter &
//浏览器输入http://192.168.0.215:9115/

vi /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml

//重启prometheus

lsof -i:9090

kill -9 xxxx

nohup ./prometheus &

网站监控:

  - job_name: 'http_status'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['https://admin.d.blueshark.com']
        labels:
          instance: admin.d.blueshark.com
          group: web
      - targets: ['https://admin.k.blueshark.com']
        labels:
          instance: admin.k.blueshark.com
          group: web
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.0.215:9115

ping检测:

  - job_name: 'ping_status'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [icmp]
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.0.249']
        labels:
          instance: 'ping_status'
          group: 'icmp'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.0.215:9115

端口检测:

  - job_name: 'port_status'
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [tcp_connect]
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['192.168.0.215:80', '192.168.0.216:80', '192.168.0.217:80']
        labels:
          instance: 'port_status'
          group: 'port'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.0.215:9115

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