Elasticsearch之索引简单应用
本篇所有操作都在 Kibana 上执行
PUT product
{
// 索引设置
"settings": {
// 分片数量
"number_of_shards": 3,
// 副本数量
"number_of_replicas": 1
},
// 索引字段映射
"mappings": {
// 字段属性
"properties": {
// 商品名称
"name":{
// 字段类型为文本
"type":"text"
},
// 商品标签
"label":{
"type":"keyword"
},
"price":{
"type": "scaled_float",
// 比例因子设置为100 在ES中会按分存储
// 注意：scaling_factor属性是只针对scaled_float这个数据类型才有
"scaling_factor": 100
},
// 商品状态
"status":{
"type":"integer"
},
// 创建日期
"create_date":{
"type":"date"
}
}
}
}执行命令，我们会得到如下返回信息，表示创建成功
{
"acknowledged": true,
"shards_acknowledged": true,
"index": "product"
}获取索引全部信息：
## 命令格式 GET {索引名称}
GET product返回结果：
{
"product": {
"aliases": {},
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"create_date": {
"type": "date"
},
"label": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"name": {
"type": "text"
},
"price": {
"type": "scaled_float",
"scaling_factor": 100
},
"status": {
"type": "integer"
}
}
},
"settings": {
"index": {
"routing": {
"allocation": {
"include": {
"_tier_preference": "data_content"
}
}
},
"number_of_shards": "3",
"provided_name": "product",
"creation_date": "1693981437123",
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "awfrhothQaeoL2bHvufN5w",
"version": {
"created": "8090199"
}
}
}
}
}查看索引 Mapping 信息
GET product/_mapping返回结果：
{
"product": {
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"create_date": {
"type": "date"
},
"label": {
"type": "keyword"
},
"name": {
"type": "text"
},
"price": {
"type": "scaled_float",
"scaling_factor": 100
},
"status": {
"type": "integer"
}
}
}
}
}查看索引 settings 信息
GET product/_settings返回结果：
{
"product": {
"settings": {
"index": {
"routing": {
"allocation": {
"include": {
"_tier_preference": "data_content"
}
}
},
"number_of_shards": "3",
"provided_name": "product",
"creation_date": "1693981437123",
"number_of_replicas": "1",
"uuid": "awfrhothQaeoL2bHvufN5w",
"version": {
"created": "8090199"
}
}
}
}查看索引 aliases 信息
GET product/_alias返回结果：
{
"product": {
"aliases": {}
}
}目前我们没设置别名，所以返回为空
单个新增
语法：
PUT {索引名}/_doc/{文档id}
{
{字段名}:{字段值/]
}实例：
PUT product/_doc/1
{
"name":"篮球",
"label":["运动","球类"],
"price":33.5,
"status":0,
"create_date":"2023-08-08T13:00:00"
}执行成功将返回：
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 0,
"_primary_term": 1
}批量新增
语法：
POST _bulk
{ action: { metadata }}
{ request body }
{ action: { metadata }}
{ request body }注：bulk对 JSON 串的有着严格的要求。每个 JSON 串不能换行，只能放在同一行，同时，相邻的 JSON 串之间必须要有换行(delete语法除外).
实例：
POST _bulk
{"create":{"_index":"product","_id":2}}
{"name":"足球","label":["运动","球类"],"price":60.3,"status":0,"create_date":"2023-08-09T13:00:00"}
{"create":{"_index":"product","_id":3}}
{"name":"华为手机","label":["数码","手机"],"price":6999,"status":0,"create_date":"2023-08-31T13:00:00"}
{"create":{"_index":"product","_id":4}}
{"name":"苹果","label":["数码","手机"],"price":9999,"status":1,"create_date":"2023-08-31T13:00:00"}返回结果：
{
"took": 6,
"errors": false,
"items": [
{
"create": {
"_index": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 0,
"_primary_term": 1,
"status": 201
}
},
{
"create": {
"_index": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 1,
"_primary_term": 1,
"status": 201
}
},
{
"create": {
"_index": "product",
"_id": "4",
"_version": 1,
"result": "created",
"_shards": {
"total": 2,
"successful": 1,
"failed": 0
},
"_seq_no": 2,
"_primary_term": 1,
"status": 201
}
}
]
}查询所有
GET product/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}返回
{
"took": 9,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 4,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "2",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "足球",
"label": [
"运动",
"球类"
],
"price": 60.3,
"status": 0,
"create_date": "2023-08-09T13:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "华为手机",
"label": [
"数码",
"手机"
],
"price": 6999,
"status": 0,
"create_date": "2023-08-31T13:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "苹果手机",
"label": [
"数码",
"手机"
],
"price": 9999,
"status": 1,
"create_date": "2023-09-01T13:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "1",
"_score": 1,
"_source": {
"name": "篮球",
"label": [
"运动",
"球类"
],
"price": 33.5,
"status": 0,
"create_date": "2023-08-08T13:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}响应的数据结果分为两部分:
{
----------------first part:分片副本信息--------------------
"took": 9,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
---------------second part:查询的数据集---------------------
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 4,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": 1,
"hits": [{}]
}
}查询标签带手机的商品
GET product/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"label": "手机"
}
}
}返回：
{
"took": 4,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 2,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": 0.5908618,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.5908618,
"_source": {
"name": "华为手机",
"label": [
"数码",
"手机"
],
"price": 6999,
"status": 0,
"create_date": "2023-08-31T13:00:00"
}
},
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "4",
"_score": 0.5908618,
"_source": {
"name": "苹果手机",
"label": [
"数码",
"手机"
],
"price": 9999,
"status": 1,
"create_date": "2023-09-01T13:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}过滤状态为0的
GET product/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": {
"match": {
"label": "手机"
}
},
"filter": {
"term": {
"status": 0
}
}
}
}
}返回结果：
{
"took": 0,
"timed_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": {
"value": 1,
"relation": "eq"
},
"max_score": 0.5908618,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "product",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.5908618,
"_source": {
"name": "华为手机",
"label": [
"数码",
"手机"
],
"price": 6999,
"status": 0,
"create_date": "2023-08-31T13:00:00"
}
}
]
}
}查询结果里面都有一个 _score字段，一般 Elasticsearch 根据相关评分排序，相关评分是根据文档与语句的匹配度来得出， _score值越高说明匹配度越高。相关性(relevance)概念在Elasticsearch中非常重要，而这也是它与传统关系型数据库中记录只有匹配和不匹配概念最大的不同。
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