Skywalking-13：Skywalking模块加载机制

阅读原文时间：2021年10月07日阅读：1

模块加载机制

Module 是 Skywalking 在 OAP 提供的一种管理功能特性的机制。通过 Module 机制，可以方便的定义模块，并且可以提供多种实现，在配置文件中任意选择实现。

模块相关配置文件可以参考：Backend setup、Configuration Vocabulary

Skywalking 中模块管理相关功能都在 org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module 包下。

通过类图可以了解 Skywalking 模块机制大致分成如下几个模块：

模块配置： ApplicationConfiguration 、 ModuleConfiguration 、 ProviderConfiguration
- PS：刚好对应 application.yml 三层结构：模块->模块实现->某个模块实现的配置。
模块定义类： ModuleDefine
模块提供类： ModuleProvider
服务： Service
管理类： ModuleManager
一些辅助类
- ModuleDefineHolder ：模块管理类需要实现的接口，提供查找模块相关功能
- ModuleProviderHolder ：模块定义类需要实现的接口，提供获取模块的服务类功能
- ModuleServiceHolder ：模块提供类需要实现的接口，提供注册服务实现、获取服务对象的功能
- ModuleConfig ：模块配置类，模块定义类会将ProviderConfiguration 映射为 ModuleConfig
- ApplicationConfigLoader：ApplicationConfiguration 的辅助类，将 application.yml 配置文件加载到内存，设置 selector 对应的 Provider 的配置信息

类图源文件：Skywalking-Module.uml

ModuleDefine

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.ServiceLoader;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

// 模块定义
public abstract class ModuleDefine implements ModuleProviderHolder {
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ModuleDefine.class);
    // 模块实际的
    private ModuleProvider loadedProvider = null;

    private final String name;

    public ModuleDefine(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    // 模块名
    public final String name() {
        return name;
    }

    // 实现类可以定义模块提供的服务类
    public abstract Class[] services();

    /**
     * Run the prepare stage for the module, including finding all potential providers, and asking them to prepare.
     *
     * @param moduleManager of this module
     * @param configuration of this module
     * @throws ProviderNotFoundException when even don't find a single one providers.
     */
    // 准备阶段，找到configuration配置类对应的ModuleProvider对象，进行初始化操作
    void prepare(
        // 模块管理对象
        ModuleManager moduleManager,
        // 模块配置类
        ApplicationConfiguration.ModuleConfiguration configuration,
        // 模块提供类的服务加载器
        ServiceLoader<ModuleProvider> moduleProviderLoader
    ) throws ProviderNotFoundException, ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleConfigException, ModuleStartException {
        // 找到configuration配置类对应的ModuleProvider对象
        for (ModuleProvider provider : moduleProviderLoader) {
            if (!configuration.has(provider.name())) {
                continue;
            }
            if (provider.module().equals(getClass())) {
                if (loadedProvider == null) {
                    loadedProvider = provider;
                    loadedProvider.setManager(moduleManager);
                    loadedProvider.setModuleDefine(this);
                } else {
                    throw new DuplicateProviderException(this.name() + " module has one " + loadedProvider.name() + "[" + loadedProvider.getClass().getName() + "] provider already, " + provider.name() + "[" + provider.getClass().getName() + "] is defined as 2nd provider.");
                }
            }
        }
        if (loadedProvider == null) {
            throw new ProviderNotFoundException(this.name() + " module no provider found.");
        }

        // 复制提供类的配置文件至ModuleConfig对象
        LOGGER.info("Prepare the {} provider in {} module.", loadedProvider.name(), this.name());
        try {
            copyProperties(
                loadedProvider.createConfigBeanIfAbsent(),
                configuration.getProviderConfiguration(loadedProvider.name()),
                this.name(),
                loadedProvider.name()
            );
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new ModuleConfigException(this.name() + " module config transport to config bean failure.", e);
        }
        // 模块提供对象进入准备阶段
        loadedProvider.prepare();
    }

    // 使用反射复制属性
    private void copyProperties(ModuleConfig dest, Properties src, String moduleName, String providerName) throws IllegalAccessException {
        if (dest == null) {
            return;
        }
        Enumeration<?> propertyNames = src.propertyNames();
        while (propertyNames.hasMoreElements()) {
            String propertyName = (String) propertyNames.nextElement();
            Class<? extends ModuleConfig> destClass = dest.getClass();
            try {
                Field field = getDeclaredField(destClass, propertyName);
                field.setAccessible(true);
                field.set(dest, src.get(propertyName));
            } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
                LOGGER.warn(propertyName + " setting is not supported in " + providerName + " provider of " + moduleName + " module");
            }
        }
    }

    private Field getDeclaredField(Class<?> destClass, String fieldName) throws NoSuchFieldException {
        if (destClass != null) {
            Field[] fields = destClass.getDeclaredFields();
            for (Field field : fields) {
                if (field.getName().equals(fieldName)) {
                    return field;
                }
            }
            return getDeclaredField(destClass.getSuperclass(), fieldName);
        }
        throw new NoSuchFieldException();
    }

    // 获取模块定义对应的Provider对象
    @Override
    public final ModuleProvider provider() throws DuplicateProviderException, ProviderNotFoundException {
        if (loadedProvider == null) {
            throw new ProviderNotFoundException("There is no module provider in " + this.name() + " module!");
        }
        return loadedProvider;
    }
}

ModuleProviderHolder

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module;

// 模块提供持有接口，通过该接口，可以获取模块Provider对象对应的Service持有接口，从而拿到模块Provider对象对应的服务对象
public interface ModuleProviderHolder {
    // 获取模块提供对象
    ModuleServiceHolder provider() throws DuplicateProviderException, ProviderNotFoundException;
}

ModuleProvider

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import lombok.Setter;

// 模块提供抽象类，所有的模块提供类都需要继承该抽象类
// 一个模块定义可以配置多个模块提供类，通过在application.yml进行切换
public abstract class ModuleProvider implements ModuleServiceHolder {
    // 模块管理器
    @Setter
    private ModuleManager manager;
    // 模块定义对象
    @Setter
    private ModuleDefine moduleDefine;
    // 模块提供对应的服务对象map
    private final Map<Class<? extends Service>, Service> services = new HashMap<>();

    public ModuleProvider() {
    }

    protected final ModuleManager getManager() {
        return manager;
    }

    // 获取服务提供实现类的name，需要子类实现
    public abstract String name();

    // 定义模块提供者所实现的模块定义类
    public abstract Class<? extends ModuleDefine> module();

    // 创建模块定义配置对象
    public abstract ModuleConfig createConfigBeanIfAbsent();

    // 准备阶段（初始化与其他模块无关的事情）
    public abstract void prepare() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException;

    // 启动阶段（该阶段模块间可以互相操作）
    public abstract void start() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException;

    // 完成后通知阶段（在所有模块成功启动后执行）
    public abstract void notifyAfterCompleted() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException;

    // 该模块需要依赖的其他模块名
    public abstract String[] requiredModules();

    // 注册服务实现类
    @Override
    public final void registerServiceImplementation(Class<? extends Service> serviceType, Service service) throws ServiceNotProvidedException {
        if (serviceType.isInstance(service)) {
            this.services.put(serviceType, service);
        } else {
            throw new ServiceNotProvidedException(serviceType + " is not implemented by " + service);
        }
    }

    // 确保所有服务被实现
    void requiredCheck(Class<? extends Service>[] requiredServices) throws ServiceNotProvidedException {
        if (requiredServices == null)
            return;
        for (Class<? extends Service> service : requiredServices) {
            if (!services.containsKey(service)) {
                throw new ServiceNotProvidedException("Service:" + service.getName() + " not provided");
            }
        }
        if (requiredServices.length != services.size()) {
            throw new ServiceNotProvidedException("The " + this.name() + " provider in " + moduleDefine.name() + " moduleDefine provide more service implementations than ModuleDefine requirements.");
        }
    }

    // 获取服务实现对象
    @Override
    public @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    <T extends Service> T getService(Class<T> serviceType) throws ServiceNotProvidedException {
        Service serviceImpl = services.get(serviceType);
        if (serviceImpl != null) {
            return (T) serviceImpl;
        }
        throw new ServiceNotProvidedException("Service " + serviceType.getName() + " should not be provided, based on moduleDefine define.");
    }

    ModuleDefine getModule() {
        return moduleDefine;
    }

    String getModuleName() {
        return moduleDefine.name();
    }
}

ModuleConfig

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module;

// 模块配置类
public abstract class ModuleConfig {
}

ModuleServiceHolder

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module;

// 模块服务持有接口
public interface ModuleServiceHolder {
    // 注册服务实现对象
    void registerServiceImplementation(Class<? extends Service> serviceType, Service service) throws ServiceNotProvidedException;

    // 获取服务实现对象
    <T extends Service> T getService(Class<T> serviceType) throws ServiceNotProvidedException;
}

Service

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module;

// 服务接口
public interface Service {
}

ModuleDefineHolder

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module;

// 模块定义持有接口
public interface ModuleDefineHolder {
    // 判断是否有该模块
    boolean has(String moduleName);

    // 通过模块名获取模块定义对象
    ModuleProviderHolder find(String moduleName) throws ModuleNotFoundRuntimeException;
}

ModuleManager

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.ServiceLoader;

// 模块管理类，管理模块的生命周期
public class ModuleManager implements ModuleDefineHolder {
    // 所有模块是否已经通过准备阶段
    private boolean isInPrepareStage = true;

    // 所有被加载的模块定义对象map
    private final Map<String, ModuleDefine> loadedModules = new HashMap<>();

    // 初始化所有配置的模块
    public void init(ApplicationConfiguration applicationConfiguration) throws ModuleNotFoundException, ProviderNotFoundException, ServiceNotProvidedException, CycleDependencyException, ModuleConfigException, ModuleStartException {
        // 获取配置类中的模块名
        String[] moduleNames = applicationConfiguration.moduleList();
        // SPI加载所有模块定义对象
        ServiceLoader<ModuleDefine> moduleServiceLoader = ServiceLoader.load(ModuleDefine.class);
        // SPI加载所有模块提供对象
        ServiceLoader<ModuleProvider> moduleProviderLoader = ServiceLoader.load(ModuleProvider.class);
        // 所有配置类中定义的模块，进行准备阶段
        LinkedList<String> moduleList = new LinkedList<>(Arrays.asList(moduleNames));
        for (ModuleDefine module : moduleServiceLoader) {
            for (String moduleName : moduleNames) {
                if (moduleName.equals(module.name())) {
                    module.prepare(this, applicationConfiguration.getModuleConfiguration(moduleName), moduleProviderLoader);
                    loadedModules.put(moduleName, module);
                    moduleList.remove(moduleName);
                }
            }
        }
        // 准备阶段结束
        isInPrepareStage = false;

        if (moduleList.size() > 0) {
            throw new ModuleNotFoundException(moduleList.toString() + " missing.");
        }

        // 根据模块提供对象中的requiredModules方法，确定模块的初始化顺序（被依赖的模块先行加载）
        BootstrapFlow bootstrapFlow = new BootstrapFlow(loadedModules);
        // 所有模块进入启动阶段
        bootstrapFlow.start(this);
        // 所有模块进入完成后通知阶段
        bootstrapFlow.notifyAfterCompleted();
    }

    // 判断是否有该模块
    @Override
    public boolean has(String moduleName) {
        return loadedModules.get(moduleName) != null;
    }

    // 通过模块名获取模块定义对象
    @Override
    public ModuleProviderHolder find(String moduleName) throws ModuleNotFoundRuntimeException {
        assertPreparedStage();
        ModuleDefine module = loadedModules.get(moduleName);
        if (module != null)
            return module;
        throw new ModuleNotFoundRuntimeException(moduleName + " missing.");
    }

    // 断言是否还在准备阶段，如果还在准备阶段，则抛出异常
    private void assertPreparedStage() {
        if (isInPrepareStage) {
            throw new AssertionError("Still in preparing stage.");
        }
    }
}

BootstrapFlow

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

// 根据模块提供对象中的requiredModules方法，确定模块的初始化顺序（被依赖的模块先行加载）
class BootstrapFlow {
    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BootstrapFlow.class);

    private Map<String, ModuleDefine> loadedModules;
    // 按依赖顺序排序的模块提供对象列表
    private List<ModuleProvider> startupSequence;

    BootstrapFlow(Map<String, ModuleDefine> loadedModules) throws CycleDependencyException, ModuleNotFoundException {
        this.loadedModules = loadedModules;
        startupSequence = new LinkedList<>();

        // 被依赖的模块先行加载
        makeSequence();
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    void start(
        ModuleManager moduleManager) throws ModuleNotFoundException, ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {
        for (ModuleProvider provider : startupSequence) {
            LOGGER.info("start the provider {} in {} module.", provider.name(), provider.getModuleName());
            provider.requiredCheck(provider.getModule().services());

            provider.start();
        }
    }

    void notifyAfterCompleted() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {
        for (ModuleProvider provider : startupSequence) {
            provider.notifyAfterCompleted();
        }
    }

    private void makeSequence() throws CycleDependencyException, ModuleNotFoundException {
        List<ModuleProvider> allProviders = new ArrayList<>();
        // 判断所有被依赖的模块是否存在
        for (final ModuleDefine module : loadedModules.values()) {
            String[] requiredModules = module.provider().requiredModules();
            if (requiredModules != null) {
                for (String requiredModule : requiredModules) {
                    if (!loadedModules.containsKey(requiredModule)) {
                        throw new ModuleNotFoundException(requiredModule + " module is required by " + module.provider().getModuleName() + "." + module.provider().name() + ", but not found.");
                    }
                }
            }

            allProviders.add(module.provider());
        }

        do {
            int numOfToBeSequenced = allProviders.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < allProviders.size(); i++) {
                ModuleProvider provider = allProviders.get(i);
                String[] requiredModules = provider.requiredModules();
                if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(requiredModules)) {
                    // 是否所有依赖的模块都在startupSequence中
                    boolean isAllRequiredModuleStarted = true;
                    for (String module : requiredModules) {
                        boolean exist = false;
                        for (ModuleProvider moduleProvider : startupSequence) {
                            if (moduleProvider.getModuleName().equals(module)) {
                                exist = true;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        if (!exist) {
                            isAllRequiredModuleStarted = false;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    // 所有依赖的模块都在startupSequence，则将该模块提供对象加入startupSequence
                    if (isAllRequiredModuleStarted) {
                        startupSequence.add(provider);
                        allProviders.remove(i);
                        i--;
                    }
                } else {
                    // 如果该模块提供对象不依赖任何其他模块，则加入startupSequence
                    startupSequence.add(provider);
                    allProviders.remove(i);
                    i--;
                }
            }

            // 如果一次循环后，没有任何一个对象加入到startupSequence，则证明有循环依赖
            if (numOfToBeSequenced == allProviders.size()) {
                StringBuilder unSequencedProviders = new StringBuilder();
                allProviders.forEach(provider -> unSequencedProviders.append(provider.getModuleName()).append("[provider=").append(provider.getClass().getName()).append("]\n"));
                throw new CycleDependencyException("Exist cycle module dependencies in \n" + unSequencedProviders.substring(0, unSequencedProviders.length() - 1));
            }
        } while (allProviders.size() != 0); // 当提供对象列表不为空，则一直循环执行下去
    }
}

ApplicationConfiguration

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Properties;

// OAP应用配置类
public class ApplicationConfiguration {
    // 模块定义配置map
    private HashMap<String, ModuleConfiguration> modules = new HashMap<>();

    // 模块配置名列表
    public String[] moduleList() {
        return modules.keySet().toArray(new String[0]);
    }

    // 添加模块定义配置
    public ModuleConfiguration addModule(String moduleName) {
        ModuleConfiguration newModule = new ModuleConfiguration();
        modules.put(moduleName, newModule);
        return newModule;
    }

    // 判断指定模块名是否存在模块定义配置map中
    public boolean has(String moduleName) {
        return modules.containsKey(moduleName);
    }

    // 获取模块定义配置
    public ModuleConfiguration getModuleConfiguration(String name) {
        return modules.get(name);
    }

    // 模块定义配置类
    public static class ModuleConfiguration {
        // 模块提供对象map
        private HashMap<String, ProviderConfiguration> providers = new HashMap<>();

        private ModuleConfiguration() {
        }

        // 获取模块提供配置
        public Properties getProviderConfiguration(String name) {
            return providers.get(name).getProperties();
        }

        // 是否存在模块提供配置
        public boolean has(String name) {
            return providers.containsKey(name);
        }

        // 添加模块提供配置
        public ModuleConfiguration addProviderConfiguration(String name, Properties properties) {
            ProviderConfiguration newProvider = new ProviderConfiguration(properties);
            providers.put(name, newProvider);
            return this;
        }
    }

    // 模块提供配置类
    public static class ProviderConfiguration {
        // 模块提供属性
        private Properties properties;

        ProviderConfiguration(Properties properties) {
            this.properties = properties;
        }

        private Properties getProperties() {
            return properties;
        }
    }
}

ApplicationConfigLoader

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.config;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Set;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.skywalking.apm.util.PropertyPlaceholderHelper;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ApplicationConfiguration;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ProviderNotFoundException;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.util.ResourceUtils;
import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;

// application.yml加载类, 三层结构:模块定义名.模块提供名.属性key
@Slf4j
public class ApplicationConfigLoader implements ConfigLoader<ApplicationConfiguration> {
    // 当不配置模块提供者时，使用"-"
    private static final String DISABLE_SELECTOR = "-";
    // 该字段选择模块提供者
    private static final String SELECTOR = "selector";

    private final Yaml yaml = new Yaml();

    @Override
    public ApplicationConfiguration load() throws ConfigFileNotFoundException {
        ApplicationConfiguration configuration = new ApplicationConfiguration();
        this.loadConfig(configuration);
        this.overrideConfigBySystemEnv(configuration);
        return configuration;
    }

    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    private void loadConfig(ApplicationConfiguration configuration) throws ConfigFileNotFoundException {
        try {
            Reader applicationReader = ResourceUtils.read("application.yml");
            Map<String, Map<String, Object>> moduleConfig = yaml.loadAs(applicationReader, Map.class);
            if (CollectionUtils.isNotEmpty(moduleConfig)) {
                selectConfig(moduleConfig);
                moduleConfig.forEach((moduleName, providerConfig) -> {
                    if (providerConfig.size() > 0) {
                        log.info("Get a module define from application.yml, module name: {}", moduleName);
                        ApplicationConfiguration.ModuleConfiguration moduleConfiguration = configuration.addModule(moduleName);
                        providerConfig.forEach((providerName, config) -> {
                            log.info("Get a provider define belong to {} module, provider name: {}", moduleName, providerName);
                            final Map<String, ?> propertiesConfig = (Map<String, ?>) config;
                            final Properties properties = new Properties();
                            if (propertiesConfig != null) {
                                propertiesConfig.forEach((propertyName, propertyValue) -> {
                                    if (propertyValue instanceof Map) {
                                        Properties subProperties = new Properties();
                                        ((Map) propertyValue).forEach((key, value) -> {
                                            subProperties.put(key, value);
                                            replacePropertyAndLog(key, value, subProperties, providerName);
                                        });
                                        properties.put(propertyName, subProperties);
                                    } else {
                                        properties.put(propertyName, propertyValue);
                                        replacePropertyAndLog(propertyName, propertyValue, properties, providerName);
                                    }
                                });
                            }
                            moduleConfiguration.addProviderConfiguration(providerName, properties);
                        });
                    } else {
                        log.warn("Get a module define from application.yml, but no provider define, use default, module name: {}", moduleName);
                    }
                });
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            throw new ConfigFileNotFoundException(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    private void replacePropertyAndLog(final Object propertyName, final Object propertyValue, final Properties target, final Object providerName) {
        final String valueString = PropertyPlaceholderHelper.INSTANCE.replacePlaceholders(propertyValue + "", target);
        if (valueString != null) {
            if (valueString.trim().length() == 0) {
                target.replace(propertyName, valueString);
                log.info("Provider={} config={} has been set as an empty string", providerName, propertyName);
            } else {
                // Use YAML to do data type conversion.
                final Object replaceValue = yaml.load(valueString);
                if (replaceValue != null) {
                    target.replace(propertyName, replaceValue);
                    log.info("Provider={} config={} has been set as {}", providerName, propertyName, replaceValue.toString());
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void overrideConfigBySystemEnv(ApplicationConfiguration configuration) {
        for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> prop : System.getProperties().entrySet()) {
            overrideModuleSettings(configuration, prop.getKey().toString(), prop.getValue().toString());
        }
    }

    private void selectConfig(final Map<String, Map<String, Object>> moduleConfiguration) {
        final Set<String> modulesWithoutProvider = new HashSet<>();
        for (final Map.Entry<String, Map<String, Object>> entry : moduleConfiguration.entrySet()) {
            final String moduleName = entry.getKey();
            final Map<String, Object> providerConfig = entry.getValue();
            if (!providerConfig.containsKey(SELECTOR)) {
                continue;
            }
            final String selector = (String) providerConfig.get(SELECTOR);
            final String resolvedSelector = PropertyPlaceholderHelper.INSTANCE.replacePlaceholders(
                selector, System.getProperties()
            );
            providerConfig.entrySet().removeIf(e -> !resolvedSelector.equals(e.getKey()));

            if (!providerConfig.isEmpty()) {
                continue;
            }

            if (!DISABLE_SELECTOR.equals(resolvedSelector)) {
                throw new ProviderNotFoundException("no provider found for module " + moduleName + ", " + "if you're sure it's not required module and want to remove it, " + "set the selector to -");
            }

            // now the module can be safely removed
            modulesWithoutProvider.add(moduleName);
        }

        moduleConfiguration.entrySet().removeIf(e -> {
            final String module = e.getKey();
            final boolean shouldBeRemoved = modulesWithoutProvider.contains(module);
            if (shouldBeRemoved) {
                log.info("Remove module {} without any provider", module);
            }
            return shouldBeRemoved;
        });
    }

    private void overrideModuleSettings(ApplicationConfiguration configuration, String key, String value) {
        int moduleAndConfigSeparator = key.indexOf('.');
        if (moduleAndConfigSeparator <= 0) {
            return;
        }
        String moduleName = key.substring(0, moduleAndConfigSeparator);
        String providerSettingSubKey = key.substring(moduleAndConfigSeparator + 1);
        ApplicationConfiguration.ModuleConfiguration moduleConfiguration = configuration.getModuleConfiguration(moduleName);
        if (moduleConfiguration == null) {
            return;
        }
        int providerAndConfigSeparator = providerSettingSubKey.indexOf('.');
        if (providerAndConfigSeparator <= 0) {
            return;
        }
        String providerName = providerSettingSubKey.substring(0, providerAndConfigSeparator);
        String settingKey = providerSettingSubKey.substring(providerAndConfigSeparator + 1);
        if (!moduleConfiguration.has(providerName)) {
            return;
        }
        Properties providerSettings = moduleConfiguration.getProviderConfiguration(providerName);
        if (!providerSettings.containsKey(settingKey)) {
            return;
        }
        Object originValue = providerSettings.get(settingKey);
        Class<?> type = originValue.getClass();
        if (type.equals(int.class) || type.equals(Integer.class))
            providerSettings.put(settingKey, Integer.valueOf(value));
        else if (type.equals(String.class))
            providerSettings.put(settingKey, value);
        else if (type.equals(long.class) || type.equals(Long.class))
            providerSettings.put(settingKey, Long.valueOf(value));
        else if (type.equals(boolean.class) || type.equals(Boolean.class)) {
            providerSettings.put(settingKey, Boolean.valueOf(value));
        } else {
            return;
        }
        log.info("The setting has been override by key: {}, value: {}, in {} provider of {} module through {}", settingKey, value, providerName, moduleName, "System.properties");
    }
}

ConfigLoader

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.config;

// 配置加载接口
public interface ConfigLoader<T> {
    T load() throws ConfigFileNotFoundException;
}

OAPServerBootstrap

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.RunningMode;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ApplicationConfiguration;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleManager;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.config.ApplicationConfigLoader;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.config.ConfigLoader;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.telemetry.TelemetryModule;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.telemetry.api.MetricsCreator;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.telemetry.api.MetricsTag;

// OAP启动类，加载配置文件，初始化模块
@Slf4j
public class OAPServerBootstrap {
    public static void start() {
        String mode = System.getProperty("mode");
        // 启动模式
        RunningMode.setMode(mode);

        ApplicationConfigLoader configLoader = new ApplicationConfigLoader();
        ModuleManager manager = new ModuleManager();
        try {
            // 从配置文件中加载配置
            ApplicationConfiguration applicationConfiguration = configLoader.load();
            // 初始化模块
            manager.init(applicationConfiguration);

            // 将启动时间发送给Telemetry
            manager.find(TelemetryModule.NAME)
                   .provider()
                   .getService(MetricsCreator.class)
                   .createGauge("uptime", "oap server start up time", MetricsTag.EMPTY_KEY, MetricsTag.EMPTY_VALUE)
                   // Set uptime to second
                   .setValue(System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000d);

            if (RunningMode.isInitMode()) {
                log.info("OAP starts up in init mode successfully, exit now...");
                System.exit(0);
            }
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            log.error(t.getMessage(), t);
            System.exit(1);
        }
    }
}

OAPServerStartUp

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter;

// OAP启动类
public class OAPServerStartUp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        OAPServerBootstrap.start();
    }
}

时序图

源文件：OAPServerStartUp.sdt

案例：存储模块加载分析

配置文件

从 application.yml 配置文件，可以看出。

模块是以三层结构来定义的：

第一层：模块定义名
第二层：模块提供名/ selector
第三层：模块提供配置信息/ selector 选择的模块提供配置

storage:
selector: ${SW_STORAGE:h2}
elasticsearch:
nameSpace: ${SW_NAMESPACE:""}
clusterNodes: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES:localhost:9200}
# etc…
elasticsearch7:
nameSpace: ${SW_NAMESPACE:""}
clusterNodes: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES:localhost:9200}
# etc…
h2:
driver: ${SW_STORAGE_H2_DRIVER:org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource}
url: ${SW_STORAGE_H2_URL:jdbc:h2:mem:skywalking-oap-db;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1}
# etc…
mysql:
properties:
jdbcUrl: ${SW_JDBC_URL:"jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/swtest"}
dataSource.user: ${SW_DATA_SOURCE_USER:root}
dataSource.password: ${SW_DATA_SOURCE_PASSWORD:root@1234}
# etc…
tidb:
properties:
jdbcUrl: ${SW_JDBC_URL:"jdbc:mysql://localhost:4000/tidbswtest"}
dataSource.user: ${SW_DATA_SOURCE_USER:root}
dataSource.password: ${SW_DATA_SOURCE_PASSWORD:""}
# etc…
influxdb:
url: ${SW_STORAGE_INFLUXDB_URL:http://localhost:8086}
user: ${SW_STORAGE_INFLUXDB_USER:root}
password: ${SW_STORAGE_INFLUXDB_PASSWORD:}
# etc…

加载配置

经过 org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.config.ApplicationConfigLoader#load 的调用， org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.OAPServerBootstrap#start 获取到了所有需要加载的模块，其中包括存储模块。

在 org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.starter.config.ApplicationConfigLoader#selectConfig 也通过 storage.selector=h2 ，存储模块只保留了 h2 的配置信息：

storage:
    h2:
    driver: ${SW_STORAGE_H2_DRIVER:org.h2.jdbcx.JdbcDataSource}
    url: ${SW_STORAGE_H2_URL:jdbc:h2:mem:skywalking-oap-db;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1}
    # etc...

准备阶段

在org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleManager#init 中，通过 SPI 加载了模块定义对象，存储模块对应的定义类如下：

PS：可以看到定义了大量 Service 接口

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage;

import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.cache.INetworkAddressAliasDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.management.UITemplateManagementDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.profile.IProfileTaskLogQueryDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.profile.IProfileTaskQueryDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.profile.IProfileThreadSnapshotQueryDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.query.IAggregationQueryDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.query.IAlarmQueryDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.query.IBrowserLogQueryDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.query.ILogQueryDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.query.IMetadataQueryDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.query.IMetricsQueryDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.query.ITopNRecordsQueryDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.query.ITopologyQueryDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.storage.query.ITraceQueryDAO;
import org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleDefine;

/**
 * StorageModule provides the capabilities(services) to interact with the database. With different databases, this
 * module could have different providers, such as currently, H2, MySQL, ES, TiDB.
 */
public class StorageModule extends ModuleDefine {

    public static final String NAME = "storage";

    public StorageModule() {
        super(NAME);
    }

    @Override
    public Class[] services() {
        return new Class[]{
                IBatchDAO.class,
                StorageDAO.class,
                IHistoryDeleteDAO.class,
                INetworkAddressAliasDAO.class,
                ITopologyQueryDAO.class,
                IMetricsQueryDAO.class,
                ITraceQueryDAO.class,
                IMetadataQueryDAO.class,
                IAggregationQueryDAO.class,
                IAlarmQueryDAO.class,
                ITopNRecordsQueryDAO.class,
                ILogQueryDAO.class,
                IProfileTaskQueryDAO.class,
                IProfileTaskLogQueryDAO.class,
                IProfileThreadSnapshotQueryDAO.class,
                UITemplateManagementDAO.class,
                IBrowserLogQueryDAO.class
        };
    }
}

同时也会调用 org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleDefine#prepare 进入准备阶段

        String[] moduleNames = applicationConfiguration.moduleList();
        ServiceLoader<ModuleDefine> moduleServiceLoader = ServiceLoader.load(ModuleDefine.class);
        ServiceLoader<ModuleProvider> moduleProviderLoader = ServiceLoader.load(ModuleProvider.class);

        LinkedList<String> moduleList = new LinkedList<>(Arrays.asList(moduleNames));
        for (ModuleDefine module : moduleServiceLoader) {
            for (String moduleName : moduleNames) {
                if (moduleName.equals(module.name())) {
                    module.prepare(this, applicationConfiguration.getModuleConfiguration(moduleName), moduleProviderLoader);
                    loadedModules.put(moduleName, module);
                    moduleList.remove(moduleName);
                }
            }
        }

在 org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleDefine#prepare 会通过传入的配置，只匹配上配置文件选择的模块提供对象。

        for (ModuleProvider provider : moduleProviderLoader) {
            if (!configuration.has(provider.name())) {
                continue;
            }

            if (provider.module().equals(getClass())) {
                if (loadedProvider == null) {
                    loadedProvider = provider;
                    loadedProvider.setManager(moduleManager);
                    loadedProvider.setModuleDefine(this);
                } else {
                    throw new DuplicateProviderException(this.name() + " module has one " + loadedProvider.name() + "[" + loadedProvider.getClass().getName()
                                                         + "] provider already, " + provider.name() + "[" + provider.getClass().getName() + "] is defined as 2nd provider.");
                }
            }

        }

        if (loadedProvider == null) {
            throw new ProviderNotFoundException(this.name() + " module no provider found.");
        }

        LOGGER.info("Prepare the {} provider in {} module.", loadedProvider.name(), this.name());
        try {
            copyProperties(loadedProvider.createConfigBeanIfAbsent(), configuration.getProviderConfiguration(loadedProvider.name()), this.name(), loadedProvider.name());
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            throw new ModuleConfigException(this.name() + " module config transport to config bean failure.", e);
        }
        loadedProvider.prepare();

例如“配置文件”一节选择的h2 ，则加载的提供类为 org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.storage.plugin.jdbc.h2.H2StorageProvider

它的 prepare 方法如下，可以看到：注册了所有 StorageModule 声明的 Service 接口

    @Override
    public void prepare() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {
        Properties settings = new Properties();
        settings.setProperty("dataSourceClassName", config.getDriver());
        settings.setProperty("dataSource.url", config.getUrl());
        settings.setProperty("dataSource.user", config.getUser());
        settings.setProperty("dataSource.password", config.getPassword());
        h2Client = new JDBCHikariCPClient(settings);

        this.registerServiceImplementation(IBatchDAO.class, new H2BatchDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            StorageDAO.class,
            new H2StorageDAO(
                getManager(), h2Client, config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn(), config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag())
        );

        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            INetworkAddressAliasDAO.class, new H2NetworkAddressAliasDAO(h2Client));

        this.registerServiceImplementation(ITopologyQueryDAO.class, new H2TopologyQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(IMetricsQueryDAO.class, new H2MetricsQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            ITraceQueryDAO.class, new H2TraceQueryDAO(
                getManager(),
                h2Client,
                config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn(),
                config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag()
            ));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(IBrowserLogQueryDAO.class, new H2BrowserLogQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            IMetadataQueryDAO.class, new H2MetadataQueryDAO(h2Client, config.getMetadataQueryMaxSize()));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(IAggregationQueryDAO.class, new H2AggregationQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(IAlarmQueryDAO.class, new H2AlarmQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            IHistoryDeleteDAO.class, new H2HistoryDeleteDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(ITopNRecordsQueryDAO.class, new H2TopNRecordsQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            ILogQueryDAO.class,
            new H2LogQueryDAO(
                h2Client,
                getManager(),
                config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn(),
                config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag()
            )
        );

        this.registerServiceImplementation(IProfileTaskQueryDAO.class, new H2ProfileTaskQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(IProfileTaskLogQueryDAO.class, new H2ProfileTaskLogQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            IProfileThreadSnapshotQueryDAO.class, new H2ProfileThreadSnapshotQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(UITemplateManagementDAO.class, new H2UITemplateManagementDAO(h2Client));
    }

启动阶段

在org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleManager#init 通过调用 org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.BootstrapFlow#start 进入启动阶段

    void start(
        ModuleManager moduleManager) throws ModuleNotFoundException, ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {
        for (ModuleProvider provider : startupSequence) {
            LOGGER.info("start the provider {} in {} module.", provider.name(), provider.getModuleName());
            provider.requiredCheck(provider.getModule().services());

            provider.start();
        }
    }

例如“配置文件”一节选择的h2 ，则加载的提供类为 org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.storage.plugin.jdbc.h2.H2StorageProvider

它的 start 方法如下，可以看到：启动 h2client 并监听 ModelCreator

    @Override
    public void start() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {
        final ConfigService configService = getManager().find(CoreModule.NAME)
                                                        .provider()
                                                        .getService(ConfigService.class);
        final int numOfSearchableTracesTags = configService.getSearchableTracesTags().split(Const.COMMA).length;
        if (numOfSearchableTracesTags * config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag() > config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn()) {
            throw new ModuleStartException("Size of searchableTracesTags[" + numOfSearchableTracesTags
                                               + "] * numOfSearchableValuesPerTag[" + config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag()
                                               + "] > maxSizeOfArrayColumn[" + config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn()
                                               + "]. Potential out of bound in the runtime.");
        }
        final int numOfSearchableLogsTags = configService.getSearchableLogsTags().split(Const.COMMA).length;
        if (numOfSearchableLogsTags * config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag() > config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn()) {
            throw new ModuleStartException("Size of searchableLogsTags[" + numOfSearchableLogsTags
                                               + "] * numOfSearchableValuesPerTag[" + config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag()
                                               + "] > maxSizeOfArrayColumn[" + config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn()
                                               + "]. Potential out of bound in the runtime.");
        }

        MetricsCreator metricCreator = getManager().find(TelemetryModule.NAME)
                                                   .provider()
                                                   .getService(MetricsCreator.class);
        HealthCheckMetrics healthChecker = metricCreator.createHealthCheckerGauge(
            "storage_h2", MetricsTag.EMPTY_KEY, MetricsTag.EMPTY_VALUE);
        h2Client.registerChecker(healthChecker);
        try {
            h2Client.connect();

            H2TableInstaller installer = new H2TableInstaller(
                h2Client, getManager(), config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn(), config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag());
            getManager().find(CoreModule.NAME).provider().getService(ModelCreator.class).addModelListener(installer);
        } catch (StorageException e) {
            throw new ModuleStartException(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

完成后通知阶段

在org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.ModuleManager#init 通过调用 org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.library.module.BootstrapFlow#notifyAfterCompleted 进入完成后通知阶段

    void notifyAfterCompleted() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {
        for (ModuleProvider provider : startupSequence) {
            provider.notifyAfterCompleted();
        }
    }

例如“配置文件”一节选择的h2 ，则加载的提供类为 org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.storage.plugin.jdbc.h2.H2StorageProvider

它的 notifyAfterCompleted 方法如下，可以看到：不需要做什么

    @Override
    public void notifyAfterCompleted() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {

    }

`H2StorageProvider` 完整源码

package org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.storage.plugin.jdbc.h2;

// etc...

/**
 * H2 Storage provider is for demonstration and preview only. I will find that haven't implemented several interfaces,
 * because not necessary, and don't consider about performance very much.
 * <p>
 * If someone wants to implement SQL-style database as storage, please just refer the logic.
 */
@Slf4j
public class H2StorageProvider extends ModuleProvider {

    private H2StorageConfig config;
    private JDBCHikariCPClient h2Client;

    public H2StorageProvider() {
        config = new H2StorageConfig();
    }

    @Override
    public String name() {
        return "h2";
    }

    @Override
    public Class<? extends ModuleDefine> module() {
        return StorageModule.class;
    }

    @Override
    public ModuleConfig createConfigBeanIfAbsent() {
        return config;
    }

    @Override
    public void prepare() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {
        Properties settings = new Properties();
        settings.setProperty("dataSourceClassName", config.getDriver());
        settings.setProperty("dataSource.url", config.getUrl());
        settings.setProperty("dataSource.user", config.getUser());
        settings.setProperty("dataSource.password", config.getPassword());
        h2Client = new JDBCHikariCPClient(settings);

        this.registerServiceImplementation(IBatchDAO.class, new H2BatchDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            StorageDAO.class,
            new H2StorageDAO(
                getManager(), h2Client, config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn(), config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag())
        );

        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            INetworkAddressAliasDAO.class, new H2NetworkAddressAliasDAO(h2Client));

        this.registerServiceImplementation(ITopologyQueryDAO.class, new H2TopologyQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(IMetricsQueryDAO.class, new H2MetricsQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            ITraceQueryDAO.class, new H2TraceQueryDAO(
                getManager(),
                h2Client,
                config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn(),
                config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag()
            ));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(IBrowserLogQueryDAO.class, new H2BrowserLogQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            IMetadataQueryDAO.class, new H2MetadataQueryDAO(h2Client, config.getMetadataQueryMaxSize()));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(IAggregationQueryDAO.class, new H2AggregationQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(IAlarmQueryDAO.class, new H2AlarmQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            IHistoryDeleteDAO.class, new H2HistoryDeleteDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(ITopNRecordsQueryDAO.class, new H2TopNRecordsQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            ILogQueryDAO.class,
            new H2LogQueryDAO(
                h2Client,
                getManager(),
                config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn(),
                config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag()
            )
        );

        this.registerServiceImplementation(IProfileTaskQueryDAO.class, new H2ProfileTaskQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(IProfileTaskLogQueryDAO.class, new H2ProfileTaskLogQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(
            IProfileThreadSnapshotQueryDAO.class, new H2ProfileThreadSnapshotQueryDAO(h2Client));
        this.registerServiceImplementation(UITemplateManagementDAO.class, new H2UITemplateManagementDAO(h2Client));
    }

    @Override
    public void start() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {
        final ConfigService configService = getManager().find(CoreModule.NAME)
                                                        .provider()
                                                        .getService(ConfigService.class);
        final int numOfSearchableTracesTags = configService.getSearchableTracesTags().split(Const.COMMA).length;
        if (numOfSearchableTracesTags * config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag() > config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn()) {
            throw new ModuleStartException("Size of searchableTracesTags[" + numOfSearchableTracesTags
                                               + "] * numOfSearchableValuesPerTag[" + config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag()
                                               + "] > maxSizeOfArrayColumn[" + config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn()
                                               + "]. Potential out of bound in the runtime.");
        }
        final int numOfSearchableLogsTags = configService.getSearchableLogsTags().split(Const.COMMA).length;
        if (numOfSearchableLogsTags * config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag() > config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn()) {
            throw new ModuleStartException("Size of searchableLogsTags[" + numOfSearchableLogsTags
                                               + "] * numOfSearchableValuesPerTag[" + config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag()
                                               + "] > maxSizeOfArrayColumn[" + config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn()
                                               + "]. Potential out of bound in the runtime.");
        }

        MetricsCreator metricCreator = getManager().find(TelemetryModule.NAME)
                                                   .provider()
                                                   .getService(MetricsCreator.class);
        HealthCheckMetrics healthChecker = metricCreator.createHealthCheckerGauge(
            "storage_h2", MetricsTag.EMPTY_KEY, MetricsTag.EMPTY_VALUE);
        h2Client.registerChecker(healthChecker);
        try {
            h2Client.connect();

            H2TableInstaller installer = new H2TableInstaller(
                h2Client, getManager(), config.getMaxSizeOfArrayColumn(), config.getNumOfSearchableValuesPerTag());
            getManager().find(CoreModule.NAME).provider().getService(ModelCreator.class).addModelListener(installer);
        } catch (StorageException e) {
            throw new ModuleStartException(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void notifyAfterCompleted() throws ServiceNotProvidedException, ModuleStartException {

    }

    @Override
    public String[] requiredModules() {
        return new String[] {CoreModule.NAME};
    }
}