系统:Centos 7,内核版本3.10
本文介绍如何从0利用Docker搭建Hadoop环境,制作的镜像文件已经分享,也可以直接使用制作好的镜像文件。
一、宿主机准备工作
0、宿主机(Centos7)安装Java(非必须,这里是为了方便搭建用于调试的伪分布式环境)
1、宿主机安装Docker并启动Docker服务
yum install -y docker
service docker start
二、制作Hadoop镜像
(本文制作的镜像文件已经上传,如果直接使用制作好的镜像,可以忽略本步,直接跳转至步骤三)
1、从官方下载Centos镜像
docker pull centos
下载后查看镜像 docker images 可以看到刚刚拉取的Centos镜像
2、为镜像安装Hadoop
1)启动centos容器
docker run -it centos
2)容器内安装java
tar -zxvf jdk-8u192-linux-x64.tar.gz
mv jdk1..0_192 jdk1.
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.
export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre
export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib
export PATH=$PATH:${JAVA_HOME}/bin
使环境变量生效 source ~/.bashrc
验证安装结果 java -version
这里注意,因为是在容器中安装,修改的是~/.bashrc而非我们使用更多的/etc/profile,否则再次启动容器的时候会环境变量会失效。
3)容器内安装hadoop
选择需要的Hadoop版本,下载https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/
在容器的/usr/local目录下解压,并修改文件夹名为hadoop
tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7..tar.gz
mv hadoop-2.7..tar.gz hadoop
进入hadoop安装目录(以下操作均为hadoop的安装目录的相对路径)
cd /usr/local/hadoop/
执行 vi etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
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在文件末尾添加jdk目录(这里=后面添加的是你的jdk目录)
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.
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" alt="" />
前面在验证hadoop命令的时候需要在hadoop的安装目录下执行./bin/hadoop,为了方便在任意地方执行hadoop命令,配置hadoop的全局环境变量,与java一样,修改~/.bashrc文件
执行 vi ~/.bashrc
添加内容
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${HADOOP_HOME}/bin:${HADOOP_HOME}/sbin
(P.S. “HADOOP_HOME=”后面配置hadoop安装目录;
这里的PATH变量是java和hadoop结合的;
这样配置之后,可以在任意位置执行hadoop命令)
source ~/.bashrc 使环境变量生效
hadoop version 验证变量生效
4)为容器安装辅助程序
下面安装的程序都是在制作镜像过程中需要用的工具或踩到的坑,提前装好避免一些奇怪问题
配置时间同步服务器
安装ntpdate yum install -y ntpdate
配置时间同步服务器
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
ntp1.aliyun.com为时间同步服务器地址,百度可以查到可用服务器
安装ssh
检查是否已经默认安装SSHClient和SSH Server
rpm -qa | grep ssh
出现如下结果表示已经安装
.png)aaarticlea/png;base64,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" alt="" />
如未安装,使用如下命令安装
yum install openssh-clients
yum install openssh-server
测试ssh是否可用
ssh localhost
测试之后就是通过ssh登陆了本机,输入 exit 退回到普通终端登陆。
yum -y install rsync
yum -y install dbus
5)将容器制作成镜像
宿主机打开新终端,注意打包镜像操作都是在宿主机内做的,(即你安装Docker的那台机器)。
在宿主机内查看刚刚使用的容器ID
docker ps
docker commit -m "centos7 with hadoop" c0905da23733 centos7/hadoop
命令说明:
docker commit [OPTIONS] 容器ID [镜像[:版本标签]]
-m 提交说明
centos7/hadoop 镜像名称,如果不叫版本标签,默认为latest
完成上述后已经交将容器打包为本地镜像,下面将本地镜像提交到远程仓库,这里上传到阿里云的镜像仓库,需要事先注册阿里云账号。
阿里云创建仓库https://cr.console.aliyun.com/
仓库创建成功后打开仓库可以看到操作指南,在宿主机终端按照指南进行后续操作
终端登陆
docker login --username=魔女小豚 registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
推送
$ sudo docker login --username=魔女小豚 registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com
$ sudo docker tag [ImageId] registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/jing-studio/centos7-hadoop:[镜像版本号]
$ sudo docker push registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/jing-studio/centos7-hadoop:[镜像版本号]
根据实际镜像信息替换示例中的[ImageId]和[镜像版本号]参数。
三、Hadoop集群配置
1、从registry中拉取镜像
$ sudo docker pull registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/jing-studio/centos7-hadoop
2、启动镜像
按照下述方式,根据需要的节点数启动相应数量的容器(注意为每个容器指定不同的容器名和主机名),这里启动3个容器作为示例
$ docker run -d --name hadoop0 -h hadoop0 -p 50070:50070 --privileged=true registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/jing-studio/centos7-hadoop /usr/sbin/init
其中,-d指定容器启动的终端在后台执行(在需要使用的容器终端的时候再显示进入容器,如3-3所述),--name hadoop0 指定容器名称,-h hadoop0 指定容器的主机名(这里千万注意,主机名不要包含下划线,对,就是它"_",不要包含下划线、不要包含下划线!!!否则不能启动集群。当初因为这问题采坑好久,都是泪),--privileged=true 指定容器获得全部权限, registry.cn-……指定镜像, /usr/sbin/init指定运行终端
需要开放的端口:namenode开放50070,9000,sourcemanager开放8088
检查容器是否启动 $ docker ps
3、进入容器,查看容器ip
$ docker exec -it hadoop0 /bin/bash
其中,-it表明显式打开容器终端,
查看全部容器ip
$ ip addr
建议使用3-2启动镜像以及3-3进入容器的方式运行,在开始搭建的时候各种采坑,才找到这种合适的方式,在容器使用过程中不会出现系统服务无法启动的情况。
4、配置主机映射
$ vi /etc/hosts
将每个容器的Ip地址和主机名添加到hosts文件中
注意集群中每个节点都需要配置上述主机映射。
5、为各个集群节点配置彼此间的ssh免密登陆
cd ~/.ssh/ #若没有~/.ssh/目录,先执行一次ssh localhost
ssh-keygen -t rsa # 会有提示,都按回车就可以,产生公钥私钥
在~/.ssh目录下生成密钥文件,id_dsa: 为私钥;id_dsa.pub: 为公钥
ssh-copy-id ha_slave1
注意要在每个集群节点上生成密钥、并为其他全部集群节点发送密钥,即在master上执行一次生成密钥,然后执行两次发送密钥,分别发送给slave1 、slave2;然后再在slave1上生成密钥发送密钥给其他节点,再在slave2上再次执行。
5.1 关闭防火墙
service iptables stop
完成上述准备工作后对hadoop集群进行配置,在配置之前,考虑集群中节点规划,即,哪些节点作为HDFS的namenode、datanode、secnamenode,哪些节点作为yarn的sourcemanager、nodemanager。本文示例集群规划如下:
hdfs
yarn
master
namenoder + datanode
nodemanager
slave1
datanode
sourcemanager + nodemanger
slave2
secnamenode + datanode
nodemanger
6、选择一个节点,进入节点,进行HDFS配置(注意进入到hadoop安装目录,在我的镜像里是 /usr/local/hadoop )
vi etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
添加配置内容
指定hdfs主节点,并指定临时文件目录,存储hadoop运行过程中产生的文件的目录(注意一定配置在有权限的目录下)
vi etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
添加内容
7、YARN配置(依然在上述选择的节点进行配置)
vi etc/hadoop/yarn-site.xml
添加内容
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce\_shuffle</value>
</property>
<!--配置执行的计算框架-->
复制自带的临时文件,并对文件进行编辑
cp etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
vi etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml
添加内容
vi etc/hadoop/slaves
添加内容
master
slave1
slave2
8、将HDFS和YARN配置发送到全部节点
需要给集群中全部节点进行3-5、3-6的配置操作,在一个节点上配置完成后,通过远程发送配置文件,对其他节点进行配置。上述配置文件都在"hadoop安装目录/etc”下,方便起见,通过将etc文件夹发送到其他节点容器来完成配置。注意,此操作也要在hadoop安装目录下执行;通过此操作要把配置文件发送到所有集群节点上。
scp -r etc ha_slave1:/usr/local/hadoop/
四、启动HDFS
此操作在namenode节点上初始化一个全新的namenode的元数据存储目录(为hdfs-site.xml中配置的namenode数据的目录),生成记录元数据的文件fsimage,生成集群的相关标识,必须在HDFS的NameNode节点执行操作。
hadoop namenode -format
上图表示格式化成功
start-dfs.sh
jps
可以看到当前节点上已经启动了DataNode和NameNode(节点上启动哪些进程取决于集群规划)
补充:关于HDFS的格式化,如果格式化成功,则只能格式化一次,如果HDFS启动后需要重新格式化,格式化的步骤:
1)删除namenode数据目录、datanode数据目录(在配置文件中指定的路径)
2)重新格式化
datanode 的想过数据信息在启动hdfs的时候生成,两个文件(version)中的cluster ID相同时候才认为节点属于同一集群,datanode才能受namenode管理,如果没有删除目录就去进行格式化,会造成节点不属于同一集群的问题。
五、启动YARN
start-yarn.sh
jps
由于前面启动了HDFS,所以此时节点上可以看到hdfs和yarn的进程。
至此,使用Docker进行hadoop完全分布式搭建的工作完成。
datanode可以在线扩容,只需要把一个datanode的namenode配置成当前使用的namenode,然后启动。如果想删除datanode,则需要重新格式化namenode节点。
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