本文以第三方QQ邮箱服务器演示如何使用python的smtplib+email完成邮箱发送功能

一、设置开启SMTP服务并获取授权码

开启QQ邮箱SMTP服务

开启的最后一步是发送短信验证，获取 authorization。 QQ官方获取授权码的帮助文档。

使用SMTP服务有POP和IMAP（Internet Message Access Protocol）两种协议，我们选择使用IMAP，具体差异查看QQ邮箱帮助文档。

使用IMAP服务的SSL加密方式的通用配置如下：

接收邮件服务器：imap.qq.com，使用SSL，端口号993

发送邮件服务器：smtp.qq.com，使用SSL，端口号465或587

账户名：您的QQ邮箱账户名（如果您是VIP帐号或Foxmail帐号，账户名需要填写完整的邮件地址）

密码：您的QQ邮箱authorization

电子邮件地址：您的QQ邮箱的完整邮件地址

二、发送文本类型的邮箱

import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

1.连接邮件服务器

smtpHost = "smtp.qq.com" # 邮件服务器地址
port = 465 # 邮件服务器端口
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpHost, port)

2.登录服务

sender = '418***167@qq.com' # 发件人邮箱账号
authorization = 'spi********idj' # QQ邮箱授权码
server.login(sender, authorization) # 括号中对应的是发件人邮箱账号、邮箱密码

3.构造邮件内容

3.1 创建邮箱容器

mailboxContainer = MIMEText('Hello Python!', "plain", "utf-8") # 创建文本类型容器

3.2 定义容器内容

mailboxContainer['Subject'] = "python发送的邮件" # 邮箱主题
mailboxContainer['From'] = sender # 邮箱发送人
receiver_to = ['y****@****.com']
mailboxContainer["To"] = ",".join(receiver_to) # 邮箱接收人
receiver_cc = []
mailboxContainer['Cc'] = ",".join(receiver_cc) # 邮箱抄送人

4.发送邮件

receiver = receiver_to + receiver_cc # 接收邮箱的人（包含接收和抄送）
server.sendmail(sender, receiver, mailboxContainer.as_string())

5.关闭连接

server.quit()

收件结果如下：

三、发送HTML类型的邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

1.连接邮件服务器

smtpHost = "smtp.qq.com" # 邮件服务器地址
port = 465 # 邮件服务器端口
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpHost, port)

2.登录服务

sender = '418XXXX167@qq.com' # 发件人邮箱账号
authorization = 'spiXXXXXXXidj' # QQ邮箱授权码
server.login(sender, authorization) # 括号中对应的是发件人邮箱账号、邮箱密码

3.构造邮件内容

3.1 创建邮箱容器

mailboxContainer = MIMEText('邮件正文内容', "plain", "utf-8") # 创建文本类型容器

mailboxContainer = MIMEMultipart() # 创建混合类型容器

3.2 定义容器内容

mailboxContainer['Subject'] = "测试python发送邮件" # 邮箱主题
mailboxContainer['From'] = sender # 邮箱发送人
receiver_to = ['yXXo@XXXXX.com']
mailboxContainer["To"] = ",".join(receiver_to) # 邮箱接收人
receiver_cc = []
mailboxContainer['Cc'] = ",".join(receiver_cc) # 邮箱抄送人

混合类型，添加html内容

mail_msg = """

Python 邮件发送测试...

图片演示：

"""
mailboxContainer.attach(MIMEText(mail_msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))

读取图片信息

with open(r".\h5_img.jpg", "rb") as f:
msg = f.read()
msgImage = MIMEImage(msg)

定义图片 ID，在 HTML 文本中引用

msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '')
mailboxContainer.attach(msgImage)

4.发送邮件

receiver = receiver_to + receiver_cc # 接收邮箱的人（包含接收和抄送）
server.sendmail(sender, receiver, mailboxContainer.as_string())

5.关闭连接

server.quit()

接收结果如下：

四、发送带附件的邮件

import smtplib
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

1.连接邮件服务器

smtpHost = "smtp.qq.com" # 邮件服务器地址
port = 465 # 邮件服务器端口
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtpHost, port)

2.登录服务

sender = '41XXXX7@qq.com' # 发件人邮箱账号
authorization = 'spXXXXXXdj' # QQ邮箱授权码
server.login(sender, authorization) # 括号中对应的是发件人邮箱账号、邮箱密码

3.构造邮件内容

3.1 创建邮箱容器

mailboxContainer = MIMEText('邮件正文内容', "plain", "utf-8") # 创建文本类型容器

mailboxContainer = MIMEMultipart() # 创建混合类型容器

3.2 定义容器内容

mailboxContainer['Subject'] = "带附件的邮箱" # 邮箱主题
mailboxContainer['From'] = sender # 邮箱发送人
receiver_to = ['yXXX@XXXXX.com']
mailboxContainer["To"] = ",".join(receiver_to) # 邮箱接收人
receiver_cc = []
mailboxContainer['Cc'] = ",".join(receiver_cc) # 邮箱抄送人

# 混合类型，添加文本内容

mailboxContainer.attach(MIMEText('测试带附件的邮箱', "plain", "utf-8"))

构造文本附件

with open(r".\text.txt", "rb") as f:
msg = f.read()
att1 = MIMEText(msg, 'base64', 'utf-8')
att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="text.txt"' # 这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件附件中显示什么名字
mailboxContainer.attach(att1)

构造图片附件

with open(r".\h5_img.jpg", "rb") as f:
msg = f.read()
att2 = MIMEText(msg, 'base64', 'utf-8')
att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'

att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="h5_img"' # 这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件中显示什么名字

att2.add_header('content-disposition', 'attachment', filename='h5.jpg') # 与上面注释代码功能一样
mailboxContainer.attach(att2)

4.发送邮件

receiver = receiver_to + receiver_cc # 接收邮箱的人（包含接收和抄送）
server.sendmail(sender, receiver, mailboxContainer.as_string())

5.关闭连接

server.quit()

接收结果如下：

五、初步封装

import os
import smtplib
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from utils.file import file

class SMTP:
def __init__(self, smtp_host="smtp.qq.com", port=465):
# 连接邮件服务器
self.__server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(smtp_host, port)
self.__sender = None # 发件人邮箱账号
self.__mailboxContainer = MIMEMultipart() # 创建邮箱容器
self.__receiver = []

def quit(self):  
    self.\_\_server.quit()

def login(self, account, authorization):  
    """登录邮箱服务器"""  
    self.\_\_sender = account  
    self.\_\_server.login(account, authorization)  # 括号中对应的是发件人邮箱账号、邮箱密码

def add\_subject(self, subject):  
    """添加邮件主题"""  
    self.\_\_mailboxContainer\['Subject'\] = subject  # 邮箱主题

def add\_receiver(self, receiver\_to: list, receiver\_cc: list = None):  
    """  
    添加邮件接收人  
    receiver\_to：收件人  
    receiver\_cc：抄送人  
    """  
    self.\_\_mailboxContainer\["From"\] = self.\_\_sender  
    self.\_\_mailboxContainer\["To"\] = ",".join(receiver\_to)  # 邮箱接收人  
    self.\_\_mailboxContainer\['Cc'\] = ",".join(receiver\_cc)   # 邮箱抄送人  
    self.\_\_receiver = receiver\_to + receiver\_cc

def add\_content(self, content, mail\_type="plain", append\_imgs: list = None):  
    """  
    添加邮箱内容  
    content：邮箱内容  
    mail\_type：内容的类型  
    append\_imgs：当为html类型时追加图片内容  
    """  
    if mail\_type != "html" and append\_imgs is not None:  
        raise ValueError(f"main\_type的值不为html，但append\_img不是空")

    if mail\_type == "html" and append\_imgs is not None:  
        for append\_img in append\_imgs:  
            img\_tag = f"<p><img src='cid:image{append\_imgs.index(append\_img)}'></p>"  
            content += img\_tag  
            # 读取图片信息  
            with open(append\_img, "rb") as f:  
                msg = f.read()  
            msgImage = MIMEImage(msg)

            # 定义图片 ID，在 HTML 文本中引用  
            msgImage.add\_header('Content-ID', f'<image{append\_imgs.index(append\_img)}>')  
            self.\_\_mailboxContainer.attach(msgImage)  
    self.\_\_mailboxContainer.attach(MIMEText(content, mail\_type, "utf-8"))

def add\_attach(self, file\_path):  
    """添加单个附件"""  
    if not os.path.exists(file\_path):  
        raise ValueError(f"文件【{file\_path}】不存在")

    if not os.path.isfile(file\_path):  
        raise ValueError(f"【{file\_path}】不是文件")

    # 构造文本附件  
    with open(file\_path, "rb") as f:  
        msg = f.read()  
    att = MIMEText(msg, 'base64', 'utf-8')  
    att\["Content-Type"\] = 'application/octet-stream'  
    filename = file.get\_path\_last\_name(file\_path)  
    att\["Content-Disposition"\] = f'attachment; filename="{filename}"'  # 这里的filename可以任意写，写什么名字，邮件附件中显示什么名字  
    self.\_\_mailboxContainer.attach(att)

def add\_attachs(self, file\_paths: list):  
    """添加多个附件"""  
    for file\_path in file\_paths:  
        self.add\_attach(file\_path)

def send(self):  
    """发送邮件"""  
    self.\_\_server.sendmail(self.\_\_sender, self.\_\_receiver, self.\_\_mailboxContainer.as\_string())

if __name__ == '__main__':

mailbox = SMTP()

# 登录邮箱服务器  
account = '418XXXX167@qq.com'  
authorization = 'spiXXXXXidj'  # QQ邮箱授权码  
mailbox.login(account, authorization)

# 添加邮箱主题  
mailbox.add\_subject("使用SMTP封装类发送的邮件")

# 添加邮箱接收人  
receiver\_to = \['yXXXo@XXX.com'\]     # 收件人  
receiver\_cc = \['41XXX7@qq.com'\]     # 抄送人  
mailbox.add\_receiver(receiver\_to, receiver\_cc)

# 添加邮箱内容  
mail\_content = """  
<p>Python 邮件发送测试...</p>  
<p>追加图片如下</p>  
"""  
append\_imgs = \[r".\\h5\_img.jpg", r".\\doudou.png"\]  
mailbox.add\_content(mail\_content, mail\_type="html", append\_imgs=append\_imgs)

# 添加附件  
mailbox.add\_attach("text.txt")  
mailbox.add\_attachs(\[r".\\h5\_img.jpg", r".\\doudou.png"\])

# 发送邮箱  
mailbox.send()

发送结果如下