在平时运维工作中，经常需要用到LNMP应用框架。LNMP环境是指在Linux系统下，由Nginx + MySQL + PHP组成的网站服务器架构。

可参考前面的文章：

• 如何在CentOS 7上搭建LAMP环境(使用YUM或编译)

• Linux下Nginx基础应用

  (1) CentOS7.5 (系统最小化安装)准备环境。

# 更改主机名
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname --static lnmp-01 && exec bash

关闭SELinux

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# sed -i '7s/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# getenforce
Permissive

关闭firewalld

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

查看内核版本

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64

安装基础软件

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install -y vim wget lsof net-tools tree curl lrzsz

(2) 安装Nginx-1.18.0   【官方下载站点：源码包，rpm包，版本号A.B.C，B是偶数为稳定版；奇数则为开发版】【官方站点：configure命令参数】

# 查看是否已安装，有则卸载
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum list installed | egrep nginx
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum remove -y nginx.x86_64 nginx-xxx

创建nginx用户和目录

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/apps/nginx

安装nginx 编译所需依赖

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ls
nginx-1.18.0 nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cd nginx-1.18.0

选择相应的编译参数【官方站点：configure命令参数】

[root@lnmp-01 nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --help
[root@lnmp-01 nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure --prefix=/data/apps/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module

编译参数解析
--prefix=　　　　　　安装目录路径
--user=　　　　　　　用户
--group=　　　　　　组
--with-http_ssl_module　　　　支持HTTPS协议
--with-http_flv_module　　　　支持Flash视频　　
--with-http_stub_status_module　　提供访问的状态信息
--with-http_gzip_static_module　　支持gzip压缩文件

[root@lnmp-01 nginx-1.18.0]# make -j 4 && make install　　　　#make -j 4 表示开4核同时进行编译： cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l

将nginx命令添加环境变量

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# echo "export PATH=/data/apps/nginx/sbin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh

nginx命令语法及参数

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# nginx -h
nginx version: nginx/1.18.0
Usage: nginx [-?hvVtTq] [-s signal] [-c filename] [-p prefix] [-g directives]

Options:
-?,-h : this help
-v : show version and exit
-V : show version and configure options then exit
-t : test configuration and exit
-T : test configuration, dump it and exit
-q : suppress non-error messages during configuration testing
-s signal : send signal to a master process: stop, quit, reopen, reload
-p prefix : set prefix path (default: /data/apps/nginx/)
-c filename : set configuration file (default: conf/nginx.conf)
-g directives : set global directives out of configuration file

测试启动nginx

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# nginx
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# netstat -ntupl | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1098/nginx: master

访问nginx测试页面

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# curl 127.0.0.1



　　　　

Welcome to nginx!

　　　　# 安装正常会显示如下内容

If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.

For online documentation and support please refer to nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at nginx.com.

Thank you for using nginx.

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# nginx -s stop

添加systemd管理

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service

添加以下内容

[Unit]
Description=The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/data/apps/nginx/logs/nginx.pid　　　　# 自定义项

Nginx will fail to start if /run/nginx.pid already exists but has the wrong

SELinux context. This might happen when running `nginx -t` from the cmdline.

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1268621

ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /data/apps/nginx/logs/nginx.pid　　　　# 自定义项
ExecStartPre=/data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /data/apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf　　　　# 自定义项
ExecStart=/data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx　　　　# 自定义项
ExecReload=/data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload　　　　# 自定义项
KillSignal=SIGQUIT
TimeoutStopSec=5
KillMode=process
PrivateTmp=true

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动nginx

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl start|stop|restart|reload nginx
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# netstat -nutpl | grep nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9714/nginx: master
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ps -ef |grep nginx
root 9714 1 0 11:46 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /data/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx
nginx 9715 9714 0 11:46 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process

设置开机自启动

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl enable nginx
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep nginx
nginx.service enabled

(3) MySQL-5.7.30 【官方下载站点：源码/rpm包】【下载站点：boost_1_59_0】【官方站点：cmake选项参数】

# 查看是否已安装mariadb或mysql，有则卸载
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum list installed | egrep 'mariadb|mysql'
mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.56-2.el7 @anaconda
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum remove -y mariadb-libs.x86_64

安装mysql编译所需依赖

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install -y cmake make gcc gcc-c++ bison ncurses ncurses-devel

若需下载其他版本，修改最后段版本号(30改为34)即可；推荐到官方站点下载

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.30.tar.gz　　　　# 地址1
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.30.tar.gz　　# 地址2
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
---------------------------------# 或下载带boost的包 ----------------------------------------------------
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.30.tar.gz　　# 地址1

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-boost-5.7.30.tar.gz　　# 地址2

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.30.tar.gz
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# tar -xf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ls
boost_1_59_0 boost_1_59_0.tar.gz mysql-5.7.30 mysql-5.7.30.tar.gz
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cd mysql-5.7.30

选择相应的编译参数【官方站点：cmake选项参数】

[root@lnmp-01 mysql-5.7.30]# cmake --help
[root@lnmp-01 mysql-5.7.30]# cmake . \
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/apps/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/apps/mysql/data_db \
-DSYSCONFDIR==/etc \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
-DWITH_SYSTEMD=bool \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=bool \
-DWITH_BOOST=/root/boost_1_59_0 \
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all

======= 等待几分钟完成编译，末尾正常输出以下内容=========
……
-- INSTALL mysqlclient.pc lib/pkgconfig
-- Skipping deb packaging on unsupported platform .
-- CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE: RelWithDebInfo
-- COMPILE_DEFINITIONS: _GNU_SOURCE;_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64;HAVE_CONFIG_H
-- CMAKE_C_FLAGS: -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wvla -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement
-- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS: -Wall -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wvla -Woverloaded-virtual -Wno-unused-parameter
-- CMAKE_C_LINK_FLAGS:
-- CMAKE_CXX_LINK_FLAGS:
-- CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF
-- CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO: -O3 -g -fabi-version=2 -fno-omit-frame-pointer -fno-strict-aliasing -DDBUG_OFF
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /root/mysql-5.7.30

参数说明：
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX：mysql安装目录
-DMYSQL_DATADIR：数据存放目录
-DEFAULT_CHARSET：数据库默认字符编码
-DWITH_SYSTEMD：提供systemd脚本
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE：允许从本文件导入数据
-DWITH_BOOST: boost源码路径
-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS：支持额外字符集

---

若cmake出错了，需根据下面操作，然后再重新编译安装。

[root@wencheng mysql-5.7.30]# find / -iname CMakeCache.txt
[root@wencheng mysql-5.7.30]# make clean

[root@wencheng mysql-5.7.30]# rm -f CMakeCache.txt

[root@lnmp-01 mysql-5.7.30]# make -j 4 && make install　　　　# make -j 4 表示开4核同时进行编译： cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# /data/apps/mysql/bin/mysql -V
/data/apps/mysql/bin/mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.30, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

添加环境变量

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# echo "PATH=/data/apps/mysql/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

创建mysql用户和目录并设置权限

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/apps/mysql/{data_db,logs,tmp}
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/apps/mysql/{data_db,logs,tmp}

创建配置文件my.cnf

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8mb4
socket = /data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysql]
port = 3306
default-character-set = utf8mb4
socket = /data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
port = 3306
server-id = 1
user = mysql
basedir = /data/apps/mysql
datadir = /data/apps/mysql/data_db
character_set_server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
socket = /data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock

log-error = /data/apps/mysql/logs/mysql-error.log
pid-file = /data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid

执行初始化

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# /data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --basedir=/data/apps/mysql --datadir=/data/apps/mysql/data_db --user=mysql　　　#(5.7以上版本)
--------- 正常输出以下信息 -----------
2021-06-22T11:38:05.991267Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2021-06-22T11:38:06.327772Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2021-06-22T11:38:06.367358Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2021-06-22T11:38:06.424912Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 4fc67845-d34e-11eb-9ce0-000c29ceb2c0.
2021-06-22T11:38:06.426105Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2021-06-22T11:38:06.590676Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2021-06-22T11:38:06.643809Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

添加systemd管理

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cp /data/apps/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# grep -Ev '^$|#' /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld(8)
Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=forking
PIDFile=/data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid　　　　# 自定义项
TimeoutSec=0
PermissionsStartOnly=true
ExecStartPre=/data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd
ExecStart=/data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid $MYSQLD_OPTS # 自定义项
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/mysql
LimitNOFILE = 5000
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
PrivateTmp=false

启动mysql

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl start|stop|restart|reload mysqld
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# netstat -nutpl | grep mysql
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 30472/mysqld
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ps -ef |grep mysql
mysql 30472 1 0 12:33 ? 00:00:00 /data/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/data/apps/mysql/tmp/mysqld.pid

登录mysql

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# mysql -uroot
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.30 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

设置开机自启动

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep mysql
mysqld.service enabled

(4) PHP-7.4.14 【官方下载站点：源码包】【官方站点：comfigure选项参数】

# 查看是否已安装php，有则卸载
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum list installed | grep php

安装mysql编译所需依赖

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install -y epel-release
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install -y bzip2 bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel openssl-devel libxml2-devel sqlite-devel libcurl-devel libpng-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel oniguruma oniguruma-devel

下载指定版本

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.14.tar.gz
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# tar -xf php-7.4.14.tar.gz
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cd php-7.4.14

选择相应的编译参数【官方站点：cmake选项参数】

[root@lnmp-01 php-7.4.14]# ./configure --help
[root@lnmp-01 php-7.4.14]# ./configure --prefix=/data/apps/php \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--with-fpm-user=www \
--with-fpm-group=www \
--enable-fpm \
--with-openssl \
--enable-mbstring \
--enable-sockets \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--enable-xml \
--with-zlib \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-bz2 \
--with-mhash

======= 等待几分钟完成编译，末尾正常输出以下内容=========
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| License: |
| This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this |
| distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation |
| process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. |
| If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort |
| the installation process at this point. |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
Thank you for using PHP.

参数说明：
--prefix：安装目录
--with-config-file-path：配置文件位置
--with-fpm-user：进程管理器进程守护者
--with-fpm-group：进程管理器进程守护者的用户组
--enable-fpm：进程管理器

　……

若configure出错了，需清除原编译，然后再重新编译安装。

[root@lnmp-01 php-7.4.14]# make clean

[root@lnmp-01 php-7.4.14]# make -j 4 && make install　　　　# make -j 4 表示开4核同时进行编译： cat /proc/cpuinfo| grep "processor"| wc -l

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# /data/apps/php/bin/php -v
PHP 7.4.14 (cli) (built: Sep 8 2021 09:41:51) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologi

添加环境变量

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# echo "PATH=/data/apps/php/bin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/php.sh
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# echo "PATH=/data/apps/php/sbin:$PATH" >> /etc/profile.d/php.sh

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh

或可创建软连接

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ln -s /data/apps/php/bin/php /usr/local/bin/php
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ln -s /data/apps/php/sbin/php-fpm /usr/local/bin/php-fpm

创建php用户并设置目录权限

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin www
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# chown -R www:www /data/apps/php

生成php服务脚本

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cp ~/php-7.4.14/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpmd
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpmd

设置php-fpm配置文件

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cp /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# cp /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

测试php配置文件语法是否正确

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# php-fpm -t
[08-Sep-2021 10:45:52] NOTICE: configuration file /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful

启动php

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# /etc/init.d/php-fpmd start|stop|force-quit|restart|reload|status|configtest
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# netstat -nuptl | grep php
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 63705/php-fpm: mast
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ps -ef | grep php
root 63705 1 0 10:49 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf)
www 63706 63705 0 10:49 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
www 63707 63705 0 10:49 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www

添加systemd管理

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service
[Unit]
Description=The PHP FastCGI Process Manager
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
Type=simple
PIDFile=/data/apps/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid　　# 自定义项
ExecStart=/data/apps/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize --fpm-config /data/apps/php/etc/php-fpm.conf　　# 自定义项
ExecReload=/bin/kill -USR2 $MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

设置开机自启动

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl enable php-fpm
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# systemctl list-unit-files | grep php
php-fpm.service enable

至此，手动编译部署LNMP环境(CentOS7.5+Nginx-1.18.0+MySQL-5.7.30+PHP-7.4.14)已完成。

　附：YUM安装php【下载rpm包】

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum install epel-release
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# rpm -ivh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm

查看php所有版本

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/*php*
/etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php54.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php72.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php80.repo
/etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php70.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php73.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php81.repo
/etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php71.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/remi-php74.repo

选择适合的版本，这里选择php74

[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum --enablerepo=remi install -y php74-php
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# yum --enablerepo=remi install php74-php php74-php-gd php74-php-xml php74-php-sockets php74-php-session php74-php-snmp php74-php-mysql
[root@lnmp-01 ~]# php74 -v
PHP 7.4.23 (cli) (built: Aug 24 2021 16:33:30) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies