手把手教你使用LabVIEW OpenCV dnn实现物体识别(Object Detection)含源码
阅读原文时间:2023年07月10日阅读:2

前言

今天和大家一起分享如何使用LabVIEW调用pb模型实现物体识别,本博客中使用的智能工具包可到主页置顶博客LabVIEW AI视觉工具包(非NI Vision)下载与安装教程中下载

一、物体识别算法原理概述

物体识别也称目标检测,目标检测所要解决的问题是目标在哪里以及其状态的问题。但是,这个问题并不是很容易解决。形态不合理,对象出现的区域不确定,更不用说对象也可以是多个类别。

目标检测用的比较多的主要是RCNN,spp- net,fast- rcnn,faster- rcnn;YOLO系列,如YOLOV3和YOLOV4;除此之外还有SSD,ResNet等。

Yolo的识别原理简单清晰。对于输入的图片,将整张图片分为7×7(7为参数,可调)个方格。当某个物体的中心点落在了某个方格中,该方格则负责预测该物体。每个方格会为被预测物体产生2(参数,可调)个候选框并生成每个框的置信度。最后选取置信度较高的方框作为预测结果。

二、opencv调用darknet物体识别模型(yolov3/yolov4)

相关源码及模型在darknt文件夹下

使用darknet训练yolo的模型,生成weights文件。使用opencv调用生成的模型

文件含义:

  • cfg文件:模型描述文件

  • weights文件:模型权重文件

Yolov3获取链接:

https://github.com/pjreddie/darknet/blob/master/cfg/yolov3.cfg

https://pjreddie.com/media/files/yolov3.weights

Yolov4获取链接:

https://github.com/AlexeyAB/darknet/releases/download/darknet_yolo_v3_optimal/yolov4.cfg

https://github.com/AlexeyAB/darknet/releases/download/darknet_yolo_v3_optimal/yolov4.weights

(1)dnn模块调用darknet模型

net = cv2.dnn.readNetFromDarknet("yolov3/yolov3.cfg", "yolov3/yolov3.weights")

(2)获取三个输出端的LayerName

使用getUnconnectedOutLayer获取三个只有输入,没有输出的层的名字,Yolov3的三个输出端层名为:['yolo_82', 'yolo_94', 'yolo_106']

def getOutputsNames(net):
    # Get the names of all the layers in the network
    layersNames = net.getLayerNames()
    # Get the names of the output layers, i.e. the layers with unconnected outputs
    return [layersNames[i - 1] for i in net.getUnconnectedOutLayers()]

(3)图像预处理

使用blobFromImage将图像转为image Size=(416,416)或(608,608) Scale=1/255 Means=[0,0,0]

blob = cv2.dnn.blobFromImage(frame, 1/255, (416, 416), [0,0,0], 1, crop=False)

(4)推理

使用net.forward(multiNames)获取多个层的结果,其中getOutputsNames(net)=['yolo_82', 'yolo_94', 'yolo_106']

net.setInput(blob)
outs = net.forward(getOutputsNames(net))

(5)后处理(postrocess)

获取的结果(outs)里面有三个矩阵(out),每个矩阵的大小为85*n,n表示检测到了n个物体,85的排列顺序是这样的:

  • 第0列代表物体中心x在图中的位置(0~1)

  • 第1列表示物体中心y在图中的位置(0~1)

  • 第2列表示物体的宽度

  • 第3列表示物体的高度

  • 第4列是置信概率,值域为[0-1],用来与阈值作比较决定是否标记目标

  • 第5~84列为基于COCO数据集的80分类的标记权重,最大的为输出分类。使用这些参数保留置信度高的识别结果(confidence>confThreshold)

    def postprocess(frame, outs):
       frameHeight = frame.shape[0]
       frameWidth = frame.shape[1]
       classIds = []
       confidences = []
       boxes = []
       classIds = []
       confidences = []
       boxes = []
       for out in outs:
           for detection in out:
               scores = detection[5:]
               classId = np.argmax(scores)
               confidence = scores[classId]
               if confidence > confThreshold:
                   center_x = int(detection[0] * frameWidth)
                   center_y = int(detection[1] * frameHeight)
                   width = int(detection[2] * frameWidth)
                   height = int(detection[3] * frameHeight)
                   left = int(center_x - width / 2)
                   top = int(center_y - height / 2)
                   classIds.append(classId)
                   confidences.append(float(confidence))
                   boxes.append([left, top, width, height])
       print(boxes)
       print(confidences)

(6)后处理(postrocess)

使用NMSBoxes函数过滤掉重复识别的区域。

    indices = cv.dnn.NMSBoxes(boxes, confidences, confThreshold, nmsThreshold)  
    for i in indices:
        box = boxes[i]
        left = box[0]
        top = box[1]
        width = box[2]
        height = box[3]
        drawPred(classIds[i], confidences[i], left, top, left + width, top + height)

(7)画出检测到的对象

def drawPred(classId, conf, left, top, right, bottom):
    # Draw a bounding box.
    cv.rectangle(frame, (left, top), (right, bottom), (0, 0, 255))
    
    label = '%.2f' % conf
        
    # Get the label for the class name and its confidence
    if classes:
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;assert(classId < len(classes))
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;label = '%s:%s' % (classes[classId], label)

 &nbsp; &nbsp;#Display the label at the top of the bounding box
 &nbsp; &nbsp;labelSize, baseLine = cv.getTextSize(label, cv.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, 1)
 &nbsp; &nbsp;top = max(top, labelSize[1])
 &nbsp; &nbsp;cv.putText(frame, label, (left, top), cv.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, (255,255,255))

(8)完整源码及检测结果(cv_call_yolo.py)

import cv2
cv=cv2
import numpy as np
import time
net = cv2.dnn.readNetFromDarknet("yolov3/yolov3.cfg", "yolov3/yolov3.weights")
net.setPreferableBackend(cv2.dnn.DNN_BACKEND_CUDA)
net.setPreferableTarget(cv2.dnn.DNN_TARGET_CUDA)
​
confThreshold = 0.5 &nbsp;#Confidence threshold
nmsThreshold = 0.4 &nbsp; #Non-maximum suppression threshold
frame=cv2.imread("dog.jpg")
classesFile = "coco.names";
classes = None
with open(classesFile, 'rt') as f:
 &nbsp; &nbsp;classes = f.read().rstrip('\n').split('\n')
​
def getOutputsNames(net):
 &nbsp; &nbsp;# Get the names of all the layers in the network
 &nbsp; &nbsp;layersNames = net.getLayerNames()
 &nbsp; &nbsp;# Get the names of the output layers, i.e. the layers with unconnected outputs
 &nbsp; &nbsp;return [layersNames[i - 1] for i in net.getUnconnectedOutLayers()]
print(getOutputsNames(net))
# Remove the bounding boxes with low confidence using non-maxima suppression
​
def postprocess(frame, outs):
 &nbsp; &nbsp;frameHeight = frame.shape[0]
 &nbsp; &nbsp;frameWidth = frame.shape[1]
 &nbsp; &nbsp;classIds = []
 &nbsp; &nbsp;confidences = []
 &nbsp; &nbsp;boxes = []
 &nbsp; &nbsp;# Scan through all the bounding boxes output from the network and keep only the
 &nbsp; &nbsp;# ones with high confidence scores. Assign the box's class label as the class with the highest score.
 &nbsp; &nbsp;classIds = []
 &nbsp; &nbsp;confidences = []
 &nbsp; &nbsp;boxes = []
 &nbsp; &nbsp;for out in outs:
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;for detection in out:
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;scores = detection[5:]
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;classId = np.argmax(scores)
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;confidence = scores[classId]
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;if confidence > confThreshold:
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;center_x = int(detection[0] * frameWidth)
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;center_y = int(detection[1] * frameHeight)
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;width = int(detection[2] * frameWidth)
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;height = int(detection[3] * frameHeight)
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;left = int(center_x - width / 2)
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;top = int(center_y - height / 2)
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;classIds.append(classId)
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;confidences.append(float(confidence))
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;boxes.append([left, top, width, height])

 &nbsp; &nbsp;# Perform non maximum suppression to eliminate redundant overlapping boxes with
 &nbsp; &nbsp;# lower confidences.
 &nbsp; &nbsp;print(boxes)
 &nbsp; &nbsp;print(confidences) &nbsp;
 &nbsp; &nbsp;indices = cv.dnn.NMSBoxes(boxes, confidences, confThreshold, nmsThreshold)
 &nbsp; &nbsp;for i in indices:
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#print(i)
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;#i = i[0]
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;box = boxes[i]
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;left = box[0]
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;top = box[1]
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;width = box[2]
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;height = box[3]
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drawPred(classIds[i], confidences[i], left, top, left + width, top + height)
​
 &nbsp; &nbsp;# Draw the predicted bounding box
def drawPred(classId, conf, left, top, right, bottom):
 &nbsp; &nbsp;# Draw a bounding box.
 &nbsp; &nbsp;cv.rectangle(frame, (left, top), (right, bottom), (0, 0, 255))
 &nbsp; &nbsp;label = '%.2f' % conf &nbsp; &nbsp;
 &nbsp; &nbsp;# Get the label for the class name and its confidence
 &nbsp; &nbsp;if classes:
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;assert(classId < len(classes))
 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;label = '%s:%s' % (classes[classId], label)
 &nbsp; &nbsp;#Display the label at the top of the bounding box
 &nbsp; &nbsp;labelSize, baseLine = cv.getTextSize(label, cv.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, 1)
 &nbsp; &nbsp;top = max(top, labelSize[1])
 &nbsp; &nbsp;cv.putText(frame, label, (left, top), cv.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, (255,255,255))
blob = cv2.dnn.blobFromImage(frame, 1/255, (416, 416), [0,0,0], 1, crop=False)
t1=time.time()
net.setInput(blob)
outs = net.forward(getOutputsNames(net))
print(time.time()-t1)
postprocess(frame, outs)
t, _ = net.getPerfProfile()
label = 'Inference time: %.2f ms' % (t * 1000.0 / cv.getTickFrequency())
cv.putText(frame, label, (0, 15), cv.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, (0, 0, 255))
cv2.imshow("result",frame)
​

(1)LabVIEW调用yolov3的方式及步骤和python类似,源码如下所示: 将带识别图片与yolo_example.vi置于同一路径下,即可进行物体识别

(2)识别结果如下:

(1)使用GPU加速

使用顺序结构检测神经网络推理的时间

比较使用GPU和不使用GPU两种情况下的推理速度

普通模式:net.serPerferenceBackend(0),net.serPerferenceTarget(0)

Nvidia GPU模式:net.serPreferenceBackend(5), net.serPerferenceTarget(6)

注:普通的c++、python、LabVIEW版本的opencv,即便选了GPU模式也没用,程序仍然运行在CPU上,需要安装CUDA和CUDNN后重新从源码编译opencv

(2)程序源码如下:

(3)物体识别结果如下:

注意,使用如上程序,可以点击STOP按钮,停止本次物体识别,也可勾选使用GPU进行加速

(4)使用GPU加速结果:

三、tensorflow的物体识别模型调用

相关源码及模型在tf1文件夹下

(1)下载ssd_mobilenet_v2_coco,下载地址如下: http://download.tensorflow.org/models/object_detection/ssd_mobilenet_v2_coco_2018_03_29.tar.gz

(2)解压后的文件内容

(3)根据pb模型生成pbtxt文件 运行 tf_text_graph_ssd.py以生成pptxt文件 在cmd中运行: python tf_text_graph_ssd.py --input ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco_2017_11_17/frozen_inference_graph.pb --config ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco_2017_11_17/ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco.config --output ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco_2017_11_17.pbtxt

(1)程序源码如下:

(2)运行结果如下:

四、项目源码及模型下载

链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1zwbLQe0VehGhsqNIHyaFRw?pwd=8888 提取码:8888

总结拓展

可以使用Yolov3训练自己的数据集,具体训练方法可参考博客:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_38915710/article/details/97112788 可实现案例:口罩佩戴识别、肺炎分类、CT等,如口罩佩戴检测

更多关于LabVIEW与人工智能技术,可添加技术交流群进一步探讨。qq群号:705637299,请备注暗号:LabVIEW 机器学习

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