Linux快速安装Git环境

文章目录

Linux快速安装Git环境
1、Linux安装Git
2、安装zsh
3、安装oh-my-zsh
3.1、安装oh-my-zsh
3.2、测试验证
4、小结

搭建Git环境，安装oh-my-zsh主题

简单记录 - 专栏 Git原理详解与实操指南

1、Linux安装Git

Linux安装Git比较简单，不少Linux系统已经自带了Git工具，Linux 是有多个发行版本，但安装Git都非常的简单，例如：

ubuntu 系统的安装命令如下:

apt install git

Centos 系统安装命令如下：

yum -y install git

安装完成之后，要确认是否安装成功，可以在终端当中输入git —version命令,如果可以看到 Git 的版本号，说明已经成功安装：

# git --version
git version 2.17.1


root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git# apt install git
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
git is already the newest version (1:2.17.1-1ubuntu0.5).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 33 not upgraded.

root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git# git --version
git version 2.17.1
root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git#

2、安装zsh

我想要安装oh-my-zsh主题,那首先要安装zsh

Linux安装zsh也是非常简单的，例如：

Ubuntu 安装 zsh 命令：

apt install zsh

centos 安装 zsh 命令：

yum install zsh

我现在是用得Ubuntu ，执行安装命令之后可以看到返回如下信息：

root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git# apt install zsh
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  zsh-common
Suggested packages:
  zsh-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  zsh zsh-common
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 33 not upgraded.
Need to get 4066 kB of archives.
After this operation, 15.2 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 zsh-common all 5.4.2-3ubuntu3.1 [3376 kB]
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu bionic-security/main amd64 zsh amd64 5.4.2-3ubuntu3.1 [690 kB]
Fetched 4066 kB in 18s (226 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package zsh-common.
(Reading database ... 29242 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../zsh-common_5.4.2-3ubuntu3.1_all.deb ...
Unpacking zsh-common (5.4.2-3ubuntu3.1) ...
Selecting previously unselected package zsh.
Preparing to unpack .../zsh_5.4.2-3ubuntu3.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking zsh (5.4.2-3ubuntu3.1) ...
Setting up zsh-common (5.4.2-3ubuntu3.1) ...
Setting up zsh (5.4.2-3ubuntu3.1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2ubuntu0.1) ...

3、安装oh-my-zsh

oh-my-zsh 能够使我们在输入一些Git命令时候提供很大的方便。

终端输入命令，安装命令如下：

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

执行安装命令完成之后，可以看到终端如下信息：

root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git# sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
Cloning Oh My Zsh...
Cloning into '/root/.oh-my-zsh'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 1137, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (1137/1137), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (1102/1102), done.
remote: Total 1137 (delta 22), reused 923 (delta 17), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (1137/1137), 750.61 KiB | 13.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (22/22), done.
Checking out files: 100% (845/845), done.

Looking for an existing zsh config...
Using the Oh My Zsh template file and adding it to ~/.zshrc.

Time to change your default shell to zsh:
Do you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n] y
Changing the shell...
Shell successfully changed to '/usr/bin/zsh'.

         __                                     __
  ____  / /_     ____ ___  __  __   ____  _____/ /_
 / __ \/ __ \   / __ `__ \/ / / /  /_  / / ___/ __ \
/ /_/ / / / /  / / / / / / /_/ /    / /_(__  ) / / /
\____/_/ /_/  /_/ /_/ /_/\__, /    /___/____/_/ /_/
                        /____/                       ....is now installed!

Please look over the ~/.zshrc file to select plugins, themes, and options.

p.s. Follow us on https://twitter.com/ohmyzsh

p.p.s. Get stickers, shirts, and coffee mugs at https://shop.planetargon.com/collections/oh-my-zsh

➜  git git:(master)

安装成功之后，会看到终端发现明显的变化，

比如当我们输入命令的一部分再按下 tab 键时，它会给你一些相应的提示或者自动补全。

例如输入：

git i

再按下 tab 键，在终端会看到如下效果：

➜  git git:(master)git i
imap-send  -- send a collection of patches to an IMAP folder
index-pack -- build pack index file for an existing packed archive
init       -- create empty git repository or re-initialize an existing one
instaweb   -- instantly browse your working repository in gitweb

除了自动补全和命令提示外，还可以帮助我们纠错，

例如当我们输入命令：

git statsu

它会告诉你 git 没有这个命令，并提示你相对应正确的命令，如下所示：

➜  ~ git statsu
git: 'statsu' is not a git command. See 'git --help'.

The most similar command is
    status

4、小结

记录了Linux安装Git，辅助工具oh-my-zsh的安装过程。

ubuntu 系统使用的命令如下:

apt install git
git --version
apt install zsh
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

Q：为什么要安装oh-my-zsh

A：oh-my-zsh是zsh的一个主题，支持命令智能提示，能够给我们在输入一些Git命令时候提供很大的方便。

Q：终端重新登录之后，回到了原来默认的shell主题了。

root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git# git status
On branch master

No commits yet

nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)
root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git# chsh -s /bin/zsh
root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git# git init
Reinitialized existing Git repository in /home/liuawen/git/.git/
root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git# git status
On branch master

No commits yet

nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)
root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git# git --version
git version 2.17.1
root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git# chsh -s /bin/zsh
root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git# git status
On branch master

No commits yet

nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)
root@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:/home/liuawen/git#

A：解决方案执行chsh -s /bin/zsh命令，重新登录。

liuawen@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:~$ pwd
/home/liuawen
liuawen@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:~$ cd git
liuawen@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:~/git$ pwd
/home/liuawen/git
liuawen@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:~/git$ ls
liuawen@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:~/git$ git init
error: could not lock config file /home/liuawen/git/.git/config: Permission denied
fatal: could not set 'core.repositoryformatversion' to '0'
liuawen@DESKTOP-HVI7SH0:~/git$ su root
Password:
➜  git git:(master) git status
On branch master

No commits yet

nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)
➜  git git:(master)

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