这里不采用逐个docker镜像的方式，而是直接使用elk三者聚合在一起的镜像。

镜像地址：https://hub.docker.com/r/sebp/elk

前提操作：

$ vim /etc/sysctl.conf
vm.max_map_count = 655360
$ sysctl -p


# 拉取镜像
docker pull sebp/elk:792

# 创建挂载目录，用来保存es存储的nodes数据
mkdir -p /opt/elk 

# 运行容器
docker run -d -p 5601:5601 -p 9200:9200 -p 5044:5044 -v /opt/elk:/var/lib/elasticsearch -it --name elk sebp/elk:792

# 查看容器
# docker ps                                                                                                                                              root@Test-Linux
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS              PORTS                                                                                        NAMES
8b009ec6168d        sebp/elk:792        "/usr/local/bin/star…"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute   0.0.0.0:5044->5044/tcp, 0.0.0.0:5601->5601/tcp, 9300/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, 9600/tcp   elk

使用浏览器访问：http://宿主机ip:9200，http://宿主机ip:5601

具体使用：

# 登录进容器中
docker exec -it elk /bin/bash

# 找到elk各组件安装路径
root@8b009ec6168d:~# cd /opt/
root@8b009ec6168d:/opt# ls
elasticsearch  kibana  logstash

# kibana设置中文界面
root@8b009ec6168d:/# ls /opt/kibana/x-pack/plugins/translations/translations/zh-CN.json

root@8b009ec6168d:/# vim /opt/kibana/config/kibana.yml    # 修改或新增配置文件
i18n.locale: "zh-CN"

# 在容器内重启kibana
root@8b009ec6168d:/# service kibana status
 * kibana is running
root@8b009ec6168d:/# service kibana restart
 * Stopping Kibana5                                                                                                                                                 [ OK ]
 * Starting Kibana5

# 参看上一步，其他组件的管理操作
root@8b009ec6168d:/# service elasticsearch status
 * elasticsearch is running
root@8b009ec6168d:/# service logstash status
logstash is running

Dockerfile文件

地址：https://hub.docker.com/r/sebp/elk/dockerfile

# Dockerfile for ELK stack
# Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana OSS 7.9.2

# Build with:
# docker build -t <repo-user>/elk .

# Run with:
# docker run -p 5601:5601 -p 9200:9200 -p 5044:5044 -it --name elk <repo-user>/elk

# replace with master-arm64 for ARM64
ARG IMAGE=18.04-1.0.0

FROM phusion/baseimage:${IMAGE}
MAINTAINER Sebastien Pujadas http://pujadas.net
ENV \
 REFRESHED_AT=2020-06-20

###############################################################################
#                                INSTALLATION
###############################################################################

### install prerequisites (cURL, gosu, tzdata, JDK for Logstash)

RUN set -x \
 && apt update -qq \
 && apt install -qqy --no-install-recommends ca-certificates curl gosu tzdata openjdk-11-jdk-headless \
 && apt clean \
 && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* \
 && gosu nobody true \
 && set +x

### set current package version

ARG ELK_VERSION=oss-7.9.2

# replace with aarch64 for ARM64 systems
ARG ARCH=x86_64 

### install Elasticsearch

# predefine env vars, as you can't define an env var that references another one in the same block
ENV \
 ES_VERSION=${ELK_VERSION} \
 ES_HOME=/opt/elasticsearch

ENV \
 ES_PACKAGE=elasticsearch-${ES_VERSION}-linux-${ARCH}.tar.gz \
 ES_GID=991 \
 ES_UID=991 \
 ES_PATH_CONF=/etc/elasticsearch \
 ES_PATH_BACKUP=/var/backups \
 KIBANA_VERSION=${ELK_VERSION}

RUN DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
 && mkdir ${ES_HOME} \
 && curl -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/${ES_PACKAGE} \
 && tar xzf ${ES_PACKAGE} -C ${ES_HOME} --strip-components=1 \
 && rm -f ${ES_PACKAGE} \
 && groupadd -r elasticsearch -g ${ES_GID} \
 && useradd -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin -M -c "Elasticsearch service user" -u ${ES_UID} -g elasticsearch elasticsearch \
 && mkdir -p /var/log/elasticsearch ${ES_PATH_CONF} ${ES_PATH_CONF}/scripts /var/lib/elasticsearch ${ES_PATH_BACKUP} \
 && chown -R elasticsearch:elasticsearch ${ES_HOME} /var/log/elasticsearch /var/lib/elasticsearch ${ES_PATH_CONF} ${ES_PATH_BACKUP}

### install Logstash

ENV \
 LOGSTASH_VERSION=${ELK_VERSION} \
 LOGSTASH_HOME=/opt/logstash

ENV \
 LOGSTASH_PACKAGE=logstash-${LOGSTASH_VERSION}.tar.gz \
 LOGSTASH_GID=992 \
 LOGSTASH_UID=992 \
 LOGSTASH_PATH_CONF=/etc/logstash \
 LOGSTASH_PATH_SETTINGS=${LOGSTASH_HOME}/config

RUN mkdir ${LOGSTASH_HOME} \
 && curl -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/${LOGSTASH_PACKAGE} \
 && tar xzf ${LOGSTASH_PACKAGE} -C ${LOGSTASH_HOME} --strip-components=1 \
 && rm -f ${LOGSTASH_PACKAGE} \
 && groupadd -r logstash -g ${LOGSTASH_GID} \
 && useradd -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin -d ${LOGSTASH_HOME} -c "Logstash service user" -u ${LOGSTASH_UID} -g logstash logstash \
 && mkdir -p /var/log/logstash ${LOGSTASH_PATH_CONF}/conf.d \
 && chown -R logstash:logstash ${LOGSTASH_HOME} /var/log/logstash ${LOGSTASH_PATH_CONF}

### install Kibana

ENV \
 KIBANA_HOME=/opt/kibana \
 KIBANA_PACKAGE=kibana-${KIBANA_VERSION}-linux-${ARCH}.tar.gz \
 KIBANA_GID=993 \
 KIBANA_UID=993

RUN mkdir ${KIBANA_HOME} \
 && curl -O https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/${KIBANA_PACKAGE} \
 && tar xzf ${KIBANA_PACKAGE} -C ${KIBANA_HOME} --strip-components=1 \
 && rm -f ${KIBANA_PACKAGE} \
 && groupadd -r kibana -g ${KIBANA_GID} \
 && useradd -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin -d ${KIBANA_HOME} -c "Kibana service user" -u ${KIBANA_UID} -g kibana kibana \
 && mkdir -p /var/log/kibana \
 && chown -R kibana:kibana ${KIBANA_HOME} /var/log/kibana

###############################################################################
#                              START-UP SCRIPTS
###############################################################################

### Elasticsearch

ADD ./elasticsearch-init /etc/init.d/elasticsearch
RUN sed -i -e 's#^ES_HOME=$#ES_HOME='$ES_HOME'#' /etc/init.d/elasticsearch \
 && chmod +x /etc/init.d/elasticsearch

### Logstash

ADD ./logstash-init /etc/init.d/logstash
RUN sed -i -e 's#^LS_HOME=$#LS_HOME='$LOGSTASH_HOME'#' /etc/init.d/logstash \
 && chmod +x /etc/init.d/logstash

### Kibana

ADD ./kibana-init /etc/init.d/kibana
RUN sed -i -e 's#^KIBANA_HOME=$#KIBANA_HOME='$KIBANA_HOME'#' /etc/init.d/kibana \
 && chmod +x /etc/init.d/kibana

###############################################################################
#                               CONFIGURATION
###############################################################################

### configure Elasticsearch

ADD ./elasticsearch.yml ${ES_PATH_CONF}/elasticsearch.yml
ADD ./elasticsearch-default /etc/default/elasticsearch
RUN cp ${ES_HOME}/config/log4j2.properties ${ES_HOME}/config/jvm.options \
    ${ES_PATH_CONF} \
 && chown -R elasticsearch:elasticsearch ${ES_PATH_CONF} \
 && chmod -R +r ${ES_PATH_CONF}

### configure Logstash

# certs/keys for Beats and Lumberjack input
RUN mkdir -p /etc/pki/tls/{certs,private}
ADD ./logstash-beats.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-beats.crt
ADD ./logstash-beats.key /etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-beats.key

# pipelines
ADD pipelines.yml ${LOGSTASH_PATH_SETTINGS}/pipelines.yml

# filters
ADD ./logstash-conf/*.conf ${LOGSTASH_PATH_CONF}/conf.d/

# patterns
ADD ./nginx.pattern ${LOGSTASH_HOME}/patterns/nginx
RUN chown -R logstash:logstash ${LOGSTASH_HOME}/patterns

# Fix permissions
RUN chmod -R +r ${LOGSTASH_PATH_CONF} ${LOGSTASH_PATH_SETTINGS} \
 && chown -R logstash:logstash ${LOGSTASH_PATH_SETTINGS}

### configure logrotate

ADD ./elasticsearch-logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/elasticsearch
ADD ./logstash-logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/logstash
ADD ./kibana-logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/kibana
RUN chmod 644 /etc/logrotate.d/elasticsearch \
 && chmod 644 /etc/logrotate.d/logstash \
 && chmod 644 /etc/logrotate.d/kibana

### configure Kibana

ADD ./kibana.yml ${KIBANA_HOME}/config/kibana.yml

###############################################################################
#                                   START
###############################################################################

ADD ./start.sh /usr/local/bin/start.sh
RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/start.sh

EXPOSE 5601 9200 9300 9600 5044
VOLUME /var/lib/elasticsearch

CMD [ "/usr/local/bin/start.sh" ]