intel 82599网卡(ixgbe系列)术语表
Intel 82599 10 GbE Controller Datasheet
15.0 Glossary and Acronyms 术语表
缩写
英文解释
中文解释
1 KB
A value of 1 KB equals 1024 bytes.
1’s complement
A system known as ones' complement can be used to represent negative numbers in a binary system.
The ones' complement form of a negative binary number is the bitwise NOT applied to it.
2’s complement
A system of two's-complement arithmetic represents negative integers by counting backwards and
wrapping around. Any number whose left-most bit is 1 is considered negative.
two's-complement 二进制补码
arithmetic 算法
negative integers 负整数
最左 left-most
1000BASE-BX
1000BASE-BX is the PICMG 3.1 electrical specification for transmission of 1 Gb/s Ethernet or 1 Gb/s
fibre channel encoded data over the backplane.
PICMG是工业计算机制造协会
1000BASE-BX是这个组织指定的传输规范
1000BASE-T
1000BASE-T is the specification for 1 Gb/s Ethernet over category 5e twisted pair cables as defined in
IEEE 802.3 clause 40.
1000BASE有四种传输介质标準：1000BASE-LX、1000BASE-SX、1000BASE-CX、1000BASE-T。
1000BASE-T使用非禁止双绞线作为传输介质传输的最长距离是100米。1000BASE-T不支持8B/10B编码方式，
而是採用更加複杂的编码方式。1000BASE-T的优点是用户可以在原来100BASE-T的基础上进行平滑升级到1000BASE-T。1000Base-T技术能在五类线(通过TSB-95认证)上提供1000Mbps的传输频宽，而五类线是在LAN体系中最广泛採用的物理媒体。IEEE的标準化委员会在1999年6月正式批准1000Base-T成为一种以太网标准
1000BASE-BX
1000BASE-BX is the PICMG 3.1 electrical specification for transmission of 1 Gb/s Ethernet or 1 Gb/s
Fibre Channel encoded data over the backplane.
电气规范 electrical specification
fibre channel 光纤信道,光纤信道是一种高速网络技术标准（T11），主要应用于SAN（存储局域网）
1000BASE-CX
1000BASE-CX over specially shielded 150 W balanced copper jumper cable assemblies as specified in
IEEE 802.3 Clause 39.
IEEE 802.3标准协议描述的是多种介质在1-10mb/s局域网解决方案（以太网）
10GBASE-BX4
10GBASE-BX4 is the PICMG 3.1 electrical specification for transmission of 10 Gb/s Ethernet or 10 Gb/s
Fibre Channel encoded data over the backplane.
10GBASE-CX4
10GBASE-CX4 over shielded 100 W balanced copper jumper cable assemblies as specified in IEEE
802.3 Clause 54.
AAD
Additional Authentication Data input, which is authenticated data that must be left un-encrypted.
ACK Acknowledgement
ACK
Acknowledgement
ACPI
Advanced Configuration and Power Interface — ACPI reset is also known as D3hot-D0 transition.
AEN Address Enable
AER
Advanced Error Reporting
AFE
Analog Front End
AH
IP Authentication Header — An IPsec header providing authentication capabilities defined in RFC 2402
For an example of an AH packet diagram see below:
• Next Header: Identifies the protocol of the transferred data.
• Payload Length: Size of AH packet.
• RESERVED: Reserved for future use (all zero until then).
• Security Parameters Index (SPI): Identifies the security parameters, which, in combination with
the IP address, then identify the Security Association implemented with this packet.
• Sequence Number: Monotonically increasing number, used to prevent replay attack
• Authentication Data: Contains the integrity check value (ICV) necessary to authenticate the
packet; it may contain padding.
AN
Auto negotiation
Auto-Negotiation可以看作成一种主动地协商方式,具有这种功能的设备会主动与对方协商,并且 等待对端返回协商结果,它不仅能够协商两端的工作速度
AN
Association Number
APIC
Advanced Programming Interrupt Controller
高级可编程中断控制器(Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC)) 一个中断控制器架构,通常多见于 Intel32 位架构(IntelArchitecture-based 32-bit)的 PC 系统
APM
Advanced Power Management
高级电源管理
APT
Advanced Pass Through mode
ARI
Alternative Routing ID capability structure– This is a new capability that allows an interpretation of the
Device and Function fields as a single identification of a function within the bus.
Alternative Routing-ID Interpretation,顾名思义,可替换的Routing ID,意味着这是一种要把Routing ID的部分或全部替换掉的机制
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol
地址转换协议, ARP是一个通过解析网络层地址来找寻数据链路层地址的网络传输协议
b/w or BW
Bandwidth
带宽，频宽，带宽值，频宽值
backbone
A bus shared by many clients for example a management backbone or a host backbone
一个被很多客户端共享的总线
host backbone 主机主干
backbone 主干的意思
Internet骨干网(Internet backbone)
BAR
Base Address Register
基址寄存器
BCN
Backward Congestion Notification
向后拥塞通知
BCNA
BCN Address
BDF
Bus/Device/Function
BER
Bit Error Rate
误码率; 位错误率; 位误码率; 比特差错率; 比特错误率
BIOS
Basic Input/Output System.
基础的输入输出系统
BIST
Built-In Self Test
内建自检
BKM
Best Known Method
BMC
Baseboard Management Controller
BMC(Baseboard Management Controller)即基板管理控制器，是IPMI(Intelligent Platform Management Interface)协议即智能平台管理接口所定义的服务器管理体系中的核心组件
BME
Bus Master Enable
PCIe有个寄存器位 Bus Master Enable。这个bit置1后,PCIe设备就可以向Host发送DMA Read Memory和DMA Write Memory请求
BT
Byte Time.
字节时间
BYTE alignment
Implies that the physical addresses can be odd or even. Examples: 0FECBD9A1h, 02345ADC6h.
BYTE alignment 字节对齐（这个资料很多）
BWG
Bandwidth Group
bandwidth 带宽
CA
Secure Connectivity Association (CA): A security relationship, established and maintained by key
agreement protocols, that comprises a fully connected subset of the service access points in stations
attached to a single LAN that are to be supported by LinkSec.
CAM
Content Addressable Memory
Ciphertext
Encrypted data, whose length is exactly that of the plaintext.
CFI
Canonical Form Indicator
CM-Tag
Congestion Management tag
concurrency
The concurrent (simultaneous) execution of multiple interacting computational tasks. These tasks may
be implemented as separate programs, or as a set of processes or threads created by a single
program.
并发
corner case
A problem or situation that occurs only outside of normal operating parameters — specifically one that
manifests itself when multiple environmental variables or conditions are simultaneously at extreme
levels.
For example, a computer server may be unreliable, but only with the maximum complement of 64
processors, 512 GB of memory, and over 10,000 signed-on users. From Wiki.
边界情况
CPID
Congestion Point Identifier –which should include the congestion point Ethernet MAC Address, as well
as a local identifier for the local congestion entity, usually a queue in the switch.
拥塞点标识
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a type of function that takes as input a data stream of unlimited
length and produces as output a value of a certain fixed size. The term CRC is often used to denote
either the function or the function's output. A CRC can be used in the same way as a checksum to
detect accidental alteration of data during transmission or storage. CRCs are popular because they are
simple to implement in binary hardware, are easy to analyze mathematically, and are particularly good
at detecting common errors caused by noise in transmission channels. From Wiki
循环冗余检验,是基于数据计算一组效验码,用于核对数据传输过程中是否被更改或传输错误
CRS
Carrier Sense Indication.
载波感应指示
CSMA/CD
802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Domain Ethernet LCI-2 Interface to an external LAN
Connected Device to provide wired LAN connectivity.
CSR
Control / Status Register
控制状态寄存器
CSR，全称为：Control and Status Register，寄存器的缩写
CTS
Cisco Trusted Security
思科可信安全
D0a
D0 Active
Active fully operational state. Once memory space is enabled all internal clocks are activated and the
LAN Controller enters an active state.
针对acpi( PCI 电源管理)电源管理协议,ACPI主要是从硬件抽象的角度来抽象硬件
ACPI即高级电源管理
D状态（Device state）
应该说是外围设备状态：
D0：设备正常工作；
D1：可以减小部分功耗，由设备本身决定，有些设备没有D1状态；
D2：设备关闭部分功能，节约更多的功耗，同样由设备本身决定，有些设备没有D2状态；
D3：设备电源被完全关闭，重新想让设备工作的话除了说要给设备供电，还要重新做初始化操作。
ACPI协议所定义的计算机电源的几种管理状态
G状态（Global System State）
S状态（Sleep state）
C状态（CPU power state）
P状态（CPU Performance state）
D状态（Device state）
T状态（CPU Throttling state）
官方工作组: https://acpica.org/
D0u
D0 uninitialized
The D0u state is a low-power state used after PCI Reset (SPXB Reset) is de-asserted following power
up (cold or warm), or on D3 exit.
针对acpi,D0u是一个低功耗状态会被设置，在pci被重置之后
D3Hot
In D3 the LAN Controller only responds to PCI configuration accesses and does not generate master cycles.
针对acpi( PCI 电源管理),D3(关)设备电源状态拆分为两个子状态：D3hot 和 D3cold
这种区分已添加到ACPI 3.0 中的 ACPI 规范，并在 ACPI 4.0 中扩展
D3Cold
Power Off if Vcc is removed from the device and all of its PCI functions transition immediately to D3
cold. When power is restored a PCI Reset must be asserted.
针对acpi( PCI 电源管理),D3(关)设备电源状态拆分为两个子状态：D3hot 和 D3cold
将设备置于 D3cold 并不意味着已切断供给设备的所有电源 — 它仅表示切断了主电源 Vcc。如果唤醒逻辑不需要辅助电源Vaux，也可能会将其切断
Dr
Internal Power management state when minimal function is provided (WoL, Manageability)
DA
Destination Address
目的地址
DAC
Digital to Analog Converter
数字模拟转换器
DAC
Dual Address Cycle messages
双地址循环消息(DAC芯片)
Data Frame
FC Frames that carry read or write data.
Fibre Channel 光纤通道（Fibre Channel可以称为FC协议，或FC网络、FC互联）
FC帧－光纤通道帧
FC协议栈
FC-0：连接物理介质的界面、电缆等；定义编码和解码的标准。
FC-1：传输协议层或数据链接层，编码或解码信号。
FC-2：网络层，光纤通道的核心, 定义了帧、流控制、和服务质量等。
FC-3：定义了常用服务，如数据加密和压缩。
FC-4：协议映射层，定义了光纤通道和上层应用之间的接口，上层应用比如：串行SCSI 协 议，HBA卡的驱动提供了FC-4 的接口函数。
FC-4 支持多协议，如：FCP-SCSI，FC-IP，FC-VI。
DBU
Data Buffer Unit
数据缓冲单元
DCA
Direct Cache Access
直接内存访问
DCB
Data Center Bridging.
IEEE 提出的数据中心桥接技术
主要包含IEEE 802.1Qbb Priority-based Flow Control（PFC）、IEEE 802.3bd Frame Format for RFC、IEEE 802.1Qaz Enhanced Transmission Selection（ETS） and Data Center Bridging eXchange（DCBX）、IEEE 802.1Qau Congestion Notification、IEEE 802.1Qbh Port Extender。
DCB技术是针对传统以太网的一种增强，为了实现以太网不丢包，这种增强型的以太网叫无损以太网，顾名思义就是保证以太网络不丢包。实现这种网络的目的为了解决FCOE（Fibre Channel Over Ethernet：简单的说就是最新的融合网络技术、使传统存储FC网络协议可以在以太网络中运行的一个新技术，这种新协议叫FCOE）协议在以太网络中传输时保证不丢包。因为FCOE技术实际上就是运行在以太网的FC协议，而FC协议是不允许丢包的，所以为了实现FCOE协议在以太网传输不丢包，引入了DCB增强以太网技术。最终实现以太网和新的存储协议FCOE都能在以太网络中正常运行。所以把这样的网络称为融合网络。
DCX
DCB Configuration Exchange protocol
DCB=PFC + ETS
DCBX 数据中心桥能力交换协议(Data Center Bridging Exchange Protocol)
DDP
Direct Data placement
Direct Data Placement,简称为DDP,是iWARP协议栈的核心成员
https://www.freepatentsonline.com/7012918.pdf
DFT
Testability
可测试性
DFX
Design for *
DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (protocol for automating the configuration of computers that use
TCP/IP)
DLLP
Data Link Layer Packet /PCIe
数据链路层包（ACK/NAK协议），DLLP一般指的是由发送端的数据链路层发送，接收端的数据链路层接收的数据包
一般用于Ack/Nak机制、功耗管理、Flow Control（流量控制）和一些厂商自定义用途
DLLP的格式是固定的，一共有8个字节，包括Framing（SDP & END）。和TLP不一样的地方是，DLLP并未携带任何路由信息，原因很简单，因为DLLP只在相邻的两个设备的数据链路层之间通信，根本不需要路由。并且DLLP一般也不需要和事务层交换信息
DMTF NC-SI
Distributed Management Task Force
BMC-NIC interconnect for management
https://www.dmtf.org/documents/pmci/network-controller-sideband-interface-nc-si-specification-100
Network Controller Sideband Interface (NC-SI) 6 Specification
https://www.dmtf.org/sites/default/files/standards/documents/DSP0222_1.0.0.pdf
DQ
Descriptor Queue.
描述符队列
DSP
Digital Signal Processor
数字信号处理器
DUT
Device Under Test
集成电路(IC)
DUT 芯片验证环境
DWORD (Double-Word)
alignment
Implies that the physical addresses may only be aligned on 4-byte boundaries; i.e., the last nibble of
the address may only end in 0, 4, 8, or Ch. For example, 0FECBD9A8h.
DWORD 字节对齐
EAPOL
Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN
EAPOL 的全称为 Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN，即 EAP Over Lan，也即基于局域网的扩展认证协议。EAP是一个普遍使用的认证机制，它常被用于无线网络或点到点的连接中。EAP不仅可以用于无线局域网，而且可以用于有线局域网。EAP是一个认证框架，不是一个特殊的认证机制。EAP提供一些公共的功能，并且允许协商所希望的认证机制。这些机制被叫做EAP方法，现在大约有40种不同的方法
EAS
External Architecture Specification.
Protocol Specification (协议规格)
External Architecture Specification.外部架构规范
ECC
Error Correction Coding
纠错编码,ECC是“Error Correcting Code”的简写，ECC是一种能够实现“错误检查和纠正”的技术，ECC内存就是应用了这种技术的内存，一般多应用在服务器及图形工作站上，可提高计算机运行的稳定性和增加可靠性
ECRC
End to End CRC
循环冗余校验(CRC)
End to End 端到端
END-To-END Testing 端到端测试
EDB
End Data Bit
Intel的防病毒技术是EDB（Excute Disable Bit）
ECC
Error Correction Coding
ECC是一种能够实现“错误检查和纠正”的技术
EEPROM
Electrically Erasable Programmable Memory. A non-volatile memory located on the LAN controller that
is directly accessible from the host.
电可擦编程只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)
EHS
External Heat Sink
外部散热片
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/heatsinks
EOP
End-Of-Packet; when set indicates the last descriptor making up the packet.
End-Of-Packet 结束包
例如：FIN --- 结束标志,ACK --- 确认标志,不同的数据包结束包标记可能不一样
End-Of-Packet; when set indicates the last descriptor making up the packet. 当设置结束包时，表示构成数据包的最后一个描述符
EP
End point
端点,终端
ESN
Extended Sequence Number
扩展的序列号
E-SOF
FCoE Start of Frame
FCoE：Fibre Channel over Ethernet 以太网光纤通道
FC：Fibre Channel 光纤通道
FCoE是一个把Fibre Channel(FC)中的帧(Frame)封装到一个增强的以太网(Ethernet)中的传输协议标准,它应用与组件存储网络
ESP
IP Encapsulating Security Payload — An IPsec header providing encryption and authentication
capabilities defined in RFC 4303. The Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) extension header provides
origin authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality protection of a packet. ESP also supports encryption
only and authentication-only configurations, but using encryption without authentication is strongly
discouraged. Unlike the AH header, the IP packet header is not accounted for. ESP operates directly on
top of IP, using IP protocol number 50. ESP fields:
• Security Parameters Index (SPI): See AH
• Sequence Number: See AH
• Payload Data: See AH
• Padding: Used with some block ciphers to pad the data to the full length of a block.
• Pad Length: Size of padding in bytes.
• Next Header: Identifies the protocol of the transferred data.
• Authentication Data: Contains the data used to authenticate the packet.
EUI
IEEE defined 64-bit Extended Unique Identifier
IEEE：电气和电子工程师协会
１．ieee定义了６４位的扩展唯一标识，以太网接口的接口标识(Interface Identifier)是基于EUI-64(64-bit extended unique identifier)标识的。而该网卡的EUI-64标识是由网卡内建的48位IEEE802地址扩展的
２．64 位 EUI 64 地址是由电气和电子工程师协会 (IEEE) 定义的。将 EUI-64 地址指派给网络适配器，或从 IEEE802 地址派生得到该地
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7421
Extension Header
IPv6 protocol.
扩展报头, 扩展首部，ipv6协议
Fail-over
fail-over is the ability to detect that the LAN connection on one port is lost, and enable the other port
for traffic.
故障切换,：这是一种能力，当检测到局域网连接在某端口出现问题时，会启用其他端口来进行传输
FC
Fiber Channel
光纤通道
FC
Flow Control.
流程控制
FCoE
Fiber Channel over Ethernet
以太网光纤通道
FC Exchange
Complete Fiber Channel Read or Fiber Channel Write flow. It starts with the read or write requests by
the initiator (the host system) till the completion indication from the target (the remote disk).
FCS
Frame Check Sequence of Ethernet frames
帧检测：以太网的帧队列
FC Sequence
A Fiber Channel Exchange is composed of multiple Fiber Channel sequences. ……
fc队列
A Fiber Channel Exchange is composed of multiple Fiber Channel sequences
Fiber Channel Sequence can be a single or multiple frames that are sent by the initiator or the target.
Each FC Sequence has a unique “Sequence ID”
FC Frame
Fiber Channel Frames are the smallest units sent between the initiator and the target. The FC-FS-2
spec define the maximum frame size as 2112 bytes. Each Fiber Channel frame includes an FC header
and optional FC payload. It can also may include Extended headers and FC optional headers. Extended
headers are not expected in FCoE network and FC optional headers may not be used as well.
FCP_RSP Frame
Fiber Channel control Frames that are sent from the target to the initiator which defines the completion
of an FC read or write exchange.
FEC
Forward Error Correction
FEXT
Far End Crosstalk
Firmware (FW)
Embedded code on the LAN controller that is responsible for the implementation of the NC-SI protocol
and pass through functionality
固件
缩写
英文解释
中文解释
FLR
Function level reset An OS in a VM must have complete control over a device, including its
initialization, without interfering with the rest of the functions.
FML
Fast Management Link
快速管理链接
Fragment Header
An IPv6 extension Header
ipv6扩展帧头
Frame
A unit composed of headers, data and footers that are sent
or received by a device. Same as a Packet
帧：由单元组成的头部，数据和尾部
所谓数据帧（Data frame），就是数据链路层的协议数据单元，它包括三部分：帧头，数据部分，帧尾。其中，帧头和帧尾包含一些必要的控制信息，比如同步信息、地址信息、差错控制信息等；数据部分则包含网络层传下来的数据，比如IP数据包，等等。
FSM
Finite State Machine
有限状态机
FTS
Fast Training Sequence
快速训练序列
GbE
Gigabit Ethernet (IEEE 802.3z-1998)
千兆比以太网; 千兆网; 千兆以太网; 千兆位以太网; 吉比特以太网
GMRP
GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (Cisco)
GARP组播注册协议
GPIO
General Purpose I/O
GPIO：通用输入输出口(general-purpose I/O port)--就是引脚
GPIO的优点(端口扩展器)
低功耗：GPIO具有更低的功率损耗(大约1μA，μC的工作电流则为100μA)。
集成IIC从机接口：GPIO内置IIC从机接口，即使在待机模式下也能够全速工作。
小封装：GPIO器件提供最小的封装尺寸 ― 3mm x 3mm QFN!
低成本：您不用为没有使用的功能买单！
快速上市：不需要编写额外的代码、文档，不需要任何维护工作！
灵活的灯光控制：内置多路高分辨率的PWM输出。
可预先确定响应时间：缩短或确定外部事件与中断之间的响应时间。
更好的灯光效果：匹配的电流输出确保均匀的显示亮度。
布线简单：仅需使用2条IIC总线或3条SPI总线。
GSP
Group Strict Priority
GSP算法是一个典型的序列模式挖掘算法
HBA
Host Bus Adapters （主机总线适配器）
FC网卡（Fibre Channel HBA）：一般也叫光纤网卡，传输协议为光纤通道协议
以太网卡：Ethernet Adapter ,传输协议为IP协议,一般通过光纤线缆或双绞线与以太网交换机连接。接口类型分为光口和电口。光口一般都是通过光纤线缆来进行数据传输，接口模块一般为SFP(传输率2Gb/s)和GBIC(1Gb/s),对应的接口为SC、ST和LC。电口目前常用接口类型为RJ45,用来与双绞线连接
ISCSI网卡（ISCSI HBA）
Host Interface
RAM on the LAN controller that is shared between the firmware and the host. RAM is used to pass
commands from the host to firmware and responses from the firmware to the host.
HPC
High — Performance Computing.
HT core option
Hyper Thread Intel's trademark for implementation of the simultaneous multithreading technology on
the Pentium 4 microarchitecture. It is a more advanced form of Super-threading that debuted on the
Intel Xeon processors and was later added to Pentium 4 processors. The technology improves
processor performance under certain workloads by providing useful work for execution units that
would otherwise be idle, for example during a cache miss. A Pentium 4 with Hyper-Threading enabled
is treated by the operating system as two processors instead of one. From Wiki
I2C
Two Serial Management Interfaces
I2C(Inter-Integrated Circuit)总线是用于连接微控制器及其外围设备
注意SPI、I2C、UART三种串行总线协议的区别
IANA
Internet Assigned Number Authority
因特网号码分配管理机构
ICV
128-bits Integrity Check Value (referred also as authentication tag). used for LinkSec header and
signature
IDS
Intrusion detection systems
入侵检测系统
Intrusion 入侵
IFCS
Insert Frame Check Sequence of Ethernet frames
Ethernet frames 以太网帧
IFS
Inter Frame Spacing
帧间距(IFS(InterFrame Spacing) 802.11中的帧间距不仅仅是连续发送的各帧之间用于彼此区分的间隔,还是对不同类型数据帧提供不同服务优先级的重要组成部分,是DCF机制重要的一部分)
IKE
Internet Key Exchange
Internet密钥交换(IKE)是由Internet工程任务组(IETF)创建的一组支持协议
IOAT
I/O Acceleration Technology
i/o 加速技术
IOH
I/O Hub
IOH=Input Output Hub，也就是传统意义上部分北桥的功能，通过QPI总线与CPU相连
因为Intel的CPU已经把内存控制器（MCH）总线集成进了CPU，也就是说把传统意义上的北桥做进了CPU里。并不是MCH变成了IOH，而是MCH已经不需要存在在主板上了。IOH的功能已经逐渐整合到CPU中．
请查下: FSB总线(前端总线),HT总线（高速串行总线）,QPI总线（快速互联通道）,DMI总线（直接媒体接口，是Intel公司开发用于连接主板南北桥的总线，取代了以前的Hu）.
IOV
Input Output Virtualization
IOV mode
Operating through an IOVM or IOVI
IOVI
I/O Virtual Intermediary: A special virtual machine that owns the physical device and is responsible for
the configuration of the physical device.
Also Known As IOVM
IOVM
I/O Virtual Machine: A special virtual machine that owns the physical device and is responsible for the
configuration of the physical device.
Also Known As IOVI
IP tunneling
IP tunneling is the process of embedding one IP packet inside of another, for the purpose of simulating
a physical connection between two remote networks across an intermediate network.
IP tunnels are often used in conjunction with IPSec protocol to create a VPN between two or more
remote networks across a "hostile" network such as the Internet.
IPC
Inter Processor Communication.
IP — CPMP
Carrier Performance Measurement Plan
IPG
Inter Packet Gap
ip sec
IP security) is a suite of protocols for securing Internet Protocol (IP) communications by authenticating
and/or encrypting each IP packet in a data stream. IPsec also includes protocols for cryptographic key
establishment.
IPsec is implemented by a set of cryptographic protocols for (1) securing packet flows and (2) internet
key exchange. There are two families of key exchange protocols.
The IP security architecture uses the concept of a security association as the basis for building security
functions into IP. A security association is simply the bundle of algorithms and parameters (such as
keys) that is being used to encrypt a particular flow. The actual choice of algorithm is left up to the
users. A security parameter index (SPI) is provided along with the destination address to allow the
security association for a packet to be looked up.
For multicast, therefore, a security association is provided for the group, and is duplicated across all
authorized receivers of the group. There may be more than one security association for a group, using
different SPIs, thereby allowing multiple levels and sets of security within a group. Indeed, each
sender can have multiple security associations, allowing authentication, since a receiver can only know
that someone knowing the keys sent the data. Note that the standard doesn't describe how the
association is chosen and duplicated across the group; it is assumed that a responsible party will make
the choice. From Wiki
iSCSI
Internet SCSI (iSCSI) is a network protocol standard,
officially ratified on 2003-02-11 by the Internet
Engineering Task Force, that allows the use of the SCSI protocol over
TCP/IP networks.
iSCSI is a
transport layer protocol in the SCSI-3 specifications framework.
Other protocols in the transport layer
include SCSI Parallel Interface (SPI), Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) and
Fibre Channel. From Wiki.
iSCSI是网络协议的标准
ISR
Interrupt Service Routine
中断服务程序; 中断服务例程
ITR
Interrupt Throttling
IV
Integrity Value
IV
Initialization Vector
IV
Initial Value
KaY
Key agreement entity (KaY – in 802.1AE spec terminology) i.e. control and access the off loading
engine (SecY in 802.1AE spec terminology)
KVM
Keyboard — Video — Mouse
LAN Auxiliary Power-Up
The event of connecting the LAN controller to a power source (occurs even before system power-up).
landing Zone
requirements
General targets for the product.
LF
Local Fault
LinkSec (or MACsec,
802.1AE)
A MAC level encryption/authentication scheme defined in IEEE 802.1AE that uses symmetric
cryptography. The 802.1AE defines an AES-GCM 128 bit key as a mandatory cipher suite which can be
processed by the LAN controller.
LLC header
802.2 defines a special header that includes a SNAP (subnetwork access protocol) header. Some
protocols, particularly those designed for the OSI networking stack, operate directly on top of 802.2
LLC, which provides both datagram and connection-oriented network services. This 802.2 header is
currently embedded in modern 802.3 frames (Ethernet II frames, aka. DIX frames).
The LLC header includes two additional eight-bit address fields, called service access points or SAPs in
OSI terminology; when both source and destination SAP are set to the value 0xAA, the SNAP service is
requested. The SNAP header allows EtherType values to be used with all IEEE 802 protocols, as well as
supporting private protocol ID spaces. In IEEE 802.3x-1997, the IEEE Ethernet standard was changed
to explicitly allow the use of the 16-bit field after the Ethernet MAC Addresses to be used as a length
field or a type field. This definition is from Wiki
LLDP
Link Layer Discovery Protocol
LLINT
Low Latency Interrupt
Local Traffic
In a virtual environment traffic between virtual machines.
LOM
LAN on Motherboard.
LP
Link Partner
LSC
Link Status Change
LS
Least significant / Lowest order (for example: LS bit = Least significant bit)
LSO
Large Send Offload, same as TSO
LSP
Link Strict Priority
LTSSM
Link Training and Status State Machine Defined in the PCIe specs.
MAC
Media Access Control.
MAUI
Multi Speed Attachment Unit Interface
MCH
Memory Controller Hub
MDC
Management Data Clock
MDI
Management Data Interface
MDIC
MDI Control Register
MDIO
Management Data Input/Output Interface over MDC/MDIO lines
MFVC
Multi-Function Virtual Channel Capability structure
MIB
Management Interface Bus
MIFS/MIPG
Minimum Inter Frame Spacing/Minimum Inter Packet Gap.
MMD
MDIO Managed Device
MMW
Maximum Memory Window.
Mod / Modulo
In computing, the modulo operation finds the remainder of division of one number by another.
MPA
Marker PDU(以太网帧) Aligned Framing for TCP
MPDU
MACSEC Protocol Data Unit including SecTag, User Data and ICV
MRQC
Multiple Receive Queues Command register
MS
Most significant / Highest order (for example: MS byte = Most significant byte)
MSFT RSS
Microsoft RSS specification
MSI
Message Signaled Interrupt
MSS
Maximum Segment Size
MTA
Multicast Table Array
MTU
Maximum Transmission Unit
NACK
Negative Acknowledgement
native mode
Used for GPIO pin that is set to be controlled by the internal logic rather than by software.
NC-SI
Network Controller — Sideband Interface
NEXT
Near End Crosstalk
Next Generation VMDq
SW switch acceleration mode–central management of the networking resources by an IOVM or by the
VMM.
Virtual Machine Devices queue (VMDq) is a mechanism to share I/O resources among several
consumers. For example, in a virtual system, multiple OSs are loaded and each executes as though
the whole system’s resources were at its disposal. However, for the limited number of I/O devices, this
presents a problem because each OS may be in a separate memory domain and all the data movement
and device management has to be done by a VMM (Virtual Machine Monitor). VMM access adds
latency and delay to I/O accesses and degrades I/O performance. VMDs (Virtual Machine Devices) are
designed to reduce the burden of VMM by making certain functions of an I/O device shared and thus
can be accessed directly from each guest OS or Virtual Machine (VM).
NIC
Network Interface Controller.
NFTS
Number of Fast Training Signals
NFS
Network File Server
non-teaming mode
If the LAN is in non-teaming mode, the SMBus is presented as two SMBus devices on the SMBus (two
SMBus addresses)
Nonce
96-bits initialization vector used by the AES-128 engine, which is distinct for each invocation of the
encryption operation for a fixed key. It is formed by the AES-128 SALT field stored for that IPsec flow
in the Tx SA Table, appended with the Initialization Vector (IV) field included in the IPsec packet:
NOS
Network Operating System
NPRD
Non-Posted Request Data
NRZ
Non-return-to-zero signaling
NTL
No Touch Leakage
NTP
Network Time Protocol
OEM
Original Equipment manufacturer
Core
Network Interface Registers
Packet
A unit composed of headers, data and footers that are sent or received by a device. Also known as a
frame.
Pass Filters
Needs Definition Packets that match this type of filter continue on to their destination
PB
Packet Buffer
PBA
The nine-digit (Printed Board Assembly) number used for Intel manufactured adapter cards.
PBA
Pending Bit Array
PBA
Printed Board Assembly
缩写
英文解释
中文
PCS
Physical Coding Sub layer.
PDU
Protocol Data Units
以太网传输的 PDU(Protocol Data Unit) 是以太帧(Ethernet frame)
PF
Physical Function (in a virtualization context).
PFC
Priority Flow Control
流程控制的优先级
PHY
Physical Layer Device.
物理层设备
Plaintext
Data to be both authenticated and encrypted.
数据需要经过身份验证和加密
PMA
Physical Medium Attachment
物理介质附件
PMC
Power Management Capabilities
电源管理能力
PMD
Physical Medium Dependent.
物理介质依赖
PME
Power Management Event
电源管理事件（如电池不足或操作挂起，功耗状态管理等）
PN
Packet Number (PN) in a LinkSec context: Monotonically increasing value used to uniquely identify a
LinkSec frame in the sequence.
Pool
Virtual ports
虚拟端口: VPort (虚拟) 是一个数据对象,表示支持单根 I/O 虚拟化 (SR-IOV) 的网络适配器的 NIC 交换机上的内部端口
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-hardware/drivers/network/virtual-ports--vports-
Power State D0a
Active fully operational state. Once memory space is enabled all internal clocks are activated and the
LAN Controller enters an active state.
ACPI (ACPI表示高级配置和电源管理接口)Power States
Dx是指某一个外设所处的电源状态，对用户不可见
Power State D0u
The D0u state is a low-power(低功耗,低功率;低位电源) state used after SPXB Reset is de-asserted following power-up (cold or
warm), or on D3 exit.
消耗最高的电能。设备完全使能，设备上下文被希望连续的保存
Power State D3Hot
A Power down state with the PCI continuing to receive a proper power supply
D3hot state的设备可被软件枚举。D3hot state可更多的电能消耗。在该state下，设备上下文是否被保存是可选的，即被能假设设备上下文已经被保存。如果设备上下文没有被保存，则会切换到D0，并由OS重新初始化。(设备主动进入D0，还是OS切换？)
Power State D3Cold
A Power down state with the PCI also in a power down state.
Sleeping State Definitins如Gx state中所说，G1 state细分出几个子项，即Sleeping States。
S1 Sleeping state
S1是低唤醒延迟的状态，系统上下文不会丢失(处理器或者芯片组)，硬件负责维持所有的系统上下文。
S2 Sleeping state
与S2相似，不同的是处理器和系统cache上下文会丢失(OS负责维护cache和处理器上下文)。收到唤醒时间后，从处理器的reset vector开始执行。
S3 Sleeping State
除了内存之外的所有上下文都会丢失。硬件会保存一部分处理器和L2 cache配置上下文。收到唤醒时间后，从处理器的reset vector开始执行。
S4 Sleeping State
所有的系统上下文都会丢失。内存中的内容会保存到非易失存储介质中。OS负责上下文的保存与恢复。
S5 Soft Off State
与S4相似，但OS不会保存和回复系统上下文。消耗很少的电能，可通过鼠标键盘等设备唤醒。
设置S4，S5的目的在于让BIOS知道是执行正常启动还是从硬盘中恢复内存上下文。
Power State Dr
Device state when PCIe reset is asserted.
pcie重置为断言时的设备状态
Power State Sx
Lan Connected Device: SMBus(系统管理总线) Active and PCI Powered down.
局域网连接驱动: 系统管理总线激活和pci电源关闭
PPM
Packet Processor Module
包处理器模块
PRBS
Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence
伪随机二进制序列
PT
Pass Through
PTP
Precision Time Protocol
精确时间协议（PTP）是一种用于在整个计算机网络中同步时钟的协议。在局域网上，它可实现亚微秒级的时钟精度，使其适用于测量和控制系统。
IEEE 1588标准专为要求精度超出使用NTP可获得的精度的本地系统而设计
IEEE 1588标准描述了用于时钟分配的分层主从体系结构。在这种体系结构下，时间分配系统由一个或多个通信媒体（网段）和一个或多个时钟组成。普通时钟是具有单个网络连接的设备，并且是同步基准源（PTP-master）或目标（PTP-slave）。边界时钟具有多个网络连接，可以准确将一个网段与另一个网段同步。为系统中的每个网段选择一个同步PTP-master。根定时基准称为grandmaster。它将同步信息传输到在其网段上的时钟。存在于该网段上的边界时钟随后将准确的时间中继到它们也连接到的其他网段
PTP消息使用基于Internet协议的用户数据报协议（UDP / IP）进行传输。 IEEE 1588-2002第1版仅使用IPv4传输，但已将其扩展为在IEEE1588-2008规范中包括IPv6。在PTPv1 IEEE1588-2002中，所有PTP消息均使用多播消息传递发送，而PTPv2 IEEE1588-2008则为设备提供了选项在逐个端口的基础上协商单播传输。组播传输使用IP组播编址，为IPv4和IPv6定义了组播组地址。
事件消息发送到端口号319。
常规消息使用端口号320。
QoS
Quality of Service
带宽调节, 服务质量包括传输的带宽、传送的时延、数据的丢包率等
QWORD (Quad-Word)
alignment
Implies that the physical addresses may only be aligned on 8byte boundaries; i.e., the last nibble of
the address may only end in 0, or 8. For example, 0FECBD9A8h(4274772392).
integer的整数型对齐
Receive latency
Measured from packet reception from the wire and until the descriptor is updated on PCIe.
接收延迟
RDMA
Remote Direct Memory Access
RDMA就是指不通过操作系统(OS)内核以及TCP/IP协议栈在网络上传输数据，因此延迟(latency)非常低，CPU消耗非常少
What is RDMA?
http://www.rdmamojo.com/2014/03/31/remote-direct-memory-access-rdma/
https://www.cnblogs.com/idorax/p/7243301.html
RDMAP
Remote Direct Memory Access Protocol
RDMA协议
Relax ordering
When the strict order of packets is not required, the device can send packets in an order that allows for
less power consumption and greater CPU efficiency
乱序总线事务
RID
Requester ID
RLT
Rate-limited flag bit
速率限制标识位
RMCP
Remote Management and Control Protocol (Distributed Management Task Force)
RMCP基于UDP协议实现(远程管理和控制协议)
RMII
Reduced Media Independent Interface (Reduced MII)
MII即“媒体独立接口”，也叫“独立于介质的接口”。它是IEEE-802.3定义的以太网行业标准。它包括一个数据接口，以及一个MAC和PHY之间的管理接口。RMII全称为“简化的媒体独立接口”，是IEEE-802.3u标准中除MII接口之外的另一种实现。（此处内容来源于网络）
RMII NC-SI
Reduced Media Independent Interface (Reduced MII).
NC-SI就是从主控制器的管理控制器和以太网控制器之前通信定义的协议,一般传 输是通过SMBus和I2C接口来传输的
RMON statistics
Remote Network Monitoring or Remote Monitoring
RPC header
Remote Procedure Call
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5531.html
RS
Rate Scheduler
速率调度器
RSC
Receive Side Coalescing coalesces incoming TCP/IP (and potentially UDP/IP) packets into larger
receive segments
coalescing coalesces(结合)
receive segments 接收段
RSS
Receive-Side Scaling is a mechanism to distribute received packets into several descriptor queues.
Software then assigns each queue to a different processor, therefore sharing the load of packet
processing among several processors
NIC 接收队列的 RSS(接收端的一种接收队列的方式)
RSS是物理网卡支持的特性,可以将NIC的多个队列映射到多个CPU核上进行处理,增加处理的效率,减少CPU中断竞争
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows-hardware/drivers/network/rss-with-hardware-queuing
RSTD
Reset Sequence Done
重置队列完成
RSTI
Reset Sequence in Process
重置队列中
RTT
Round Trip Time
延时
Rx, RX
Receive
Ｔｘ
发送
SA
Security Association or source address
SA (in a LinkSec context)
Secure Association (SA): A security relationship that provides security guarantees for frames
transmitted from one member of a CA to the others. Each SA is supported by a single secret key, or a
single set of keys where the cryptographic operations used to protect one frame require more than one
key
SAC
Single Address Cycle (SAC) messages
单地址周期消息
SAK
Security Associations Key
安全关联密钥
salt
In cryptography, a salt consists of random bits used as one of the inputs to a key derivation function.
Sometimes the initialization vector, a previously generated (preferably random) value, is used as a
salt. The other input is usually a password or passphrase. The output of the key derivation function is
often stored as the encrypted version of the password. A salt value can also be used as a key for use in
a cipher or other cryptographic algorithm. A salt value is typically used in a hash function. from Wiki
SAN
Storage Area Networks
存储区域网络(Storage Area Network SNA),即通过特定的互连方式连接的若干台存储服务器组成一个单独的数据网络,提供企业级的数据存储服务
SAP
Service Access Point –an identifying label for network endpoints used in OSI networking.
SC
Secure Channel – Authentication and key exchange
安全通道-认证和秘钥交换
SC
Secure Channel (SC): A security relationship used to provide security guarantees for frames
transmitted from one member of a CA to the others. An SC is supported by a sequence of SAs thus
allowing the periodic use of fresh keys without terminating the relationship.
SCI
Secure Channel Identifier A globally unique identifier for a secure channel, comprising a globally
unique Ethernet MAC Address and a Port Identifier, unique within the system allocated that address.
SCSI
Small Computer System Interface is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring data
between computers and peripheral devices. The SCSI standards define commands, protocols, and
electrical and optical interfaces. SCSI is most commonly used for hard disks and tape drives, but it can
connect a wide range of other devices, including scanners, and optical drives (CD, DVD, etc. From
Wiki.
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19190-01/CRCM2169/CRCM2169.pdf
https://www.t10.org/scsi-3.htm (scsi标准架构)
https://www.t10.org/drafts.htm
SCL signal
SM Bus Clock
系统管理总线时钟
SCTP
Stream Control Transmission Protocol
流控制传输协议
SDA signal
SM Bus Data
SMBus 为系统和电源管理这样的任务提供了一条控制总线
参考 smbus协议
系统管理总线(SMBus)是一个两线接口
SDP
Software-Definable Pins
Software Definable Pins 中文翻译：软件定义的pin，也称为客户自定义pin
该缩写多用于电子行业，很多大规模集成芯片在对于内部电路的设计的时候，会在对外接口管脚中，留出一些作为客户自定义管脚信号
SecY
802.1AE spec terminology Security entity
802.1AE是一种二层封装技术，通过封装所有以太网针，从而实现加密的安全效果
Segment
subsections of a packet
段
SerDes
Serializer(序列化) and De-Serializer(反序列化) Circuit
SFD
Start Frame Delimiter
帧首定界符
SGMII
Serialized Gigabit Media Independent Interface
Gigabit 千兆位；千兆比特（相当于十亿比特的信息单位）；吉比特
Independent 独立的
SKU
subsets of features of a chip that can be disabled for marketing purposes.
subsets of features of a chip 芯片特征的子集
chip 芯片
SNMP
Standard Network Management Protocol
https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1157 (rfc协议地址)
标准网络管理协议
SMB
Semaphore Bit
信号量位
SMBus
System Management Bus. A bus that carries various manageability components, including the LAN
controller, BIOS, sensors and remote-control devices.
SN
Sequence Number — contains a counter value that increases by one for each Ethernet frame sent.
序列号
SNAP
Subnetwork Access Protocol
https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/zos/2.2.0?topic=internetworking-subnetwork-access-protocol-snap
(SNAP:SubNetwork Access Protocol) 子网络访问协议(SNAP)规范了在 IEEE802 网络上传输 IP 数据报的标准方法
子网络访问协议, 子网接入协议
SoL
Serial Over LAN
Serial Over LAN is a mechanism that enables the input and output of the serial port of a managed
system to be redirected via an IPMI (Internet Protocol Multicast Initiative) session over IP.
是指通过基于IP的IPMI会话来重新定向系统中串口I/O的一种机制
SPD
Smart Power Down
智慧电源关机
SPI
The Security Parameter Index is an identification tag added to the header while using IPSec for
tunneling the IP traffic. This tag helps the kernel discern between two traffic streams where different
encryption rules and algorithms may be in use.
The SPI (as per RFC 2401) is an essential part of an IPSec SA (Security Association) because it enables
the receiving system to select the SA under which a received packet will be processed. An SPI has only
local significance, since is defined by the creator of the SA; an SPI is generally viewed as an opaque bit
string. However, the creator of an SA may interpret the bits in an SPI to facilitate local processing.
from Wikipedia
IPSec Internet Protocol Security(网络协议安全)
SA (Security Association)
spi RFC 2401 ---> https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2401
SPXB interface
PCI Express Backbone
pcie会替代pci,pci-x,agp(并行总线)等总线.
https://www.rambus.com/blogs/pci-express-5-vs-4/
Spoofing
In computer networking, the term IP address spoofing is the creation of IP packets with a forged
(spoofed) source IP address with the purpose to conceal the identity of the sender or impersonating
another computing system. IP stands for Internet Protocol. from Wiki
ip address spoofing是一个术语,叫ip地址欺骗
SR-IOV
PCI-SIG single-root I/O Virtualization initiative
https://pcisig.com/specifications/review-zone
https://www.intel.cn/content/dam/doc/white-paper/pci-sig-single-root-io-virtualization-support-in-virtualization-technology-for-connectivity-paper.pdf
single-root I/O Virtualization 的白皮书
SW Switch acceleration
mode
Central management of the networking resources by an IOVM or by the VMM. Also known as VMDq2
mode.
SW Switch acceleration mode 开关加速模式
SWIZZLE
To convert external names, array indices, or references within a data structure into address pointers
when the data structure is brought into main memory from external storage (also called pointer swizzling);
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21218304/what-is-pointer-swizzling
Sx
Lan Connected Device: SMBus Active and PCI Powered down.
局域网连接数倍：系统管理总线激活和pci电源关机
SYN Attack
A SYN attack is a form of denial-of-service attack in which an attacker sends a succession of SYN
(synchronize) requests to a target's system.
SYN Attack是一种DOS攻击方式
TC
Traffic Class
传输种类
TCI
For 802.1q, Tag Header field Tag Control Information (TCI); 2 octets.
802.1q协议-IEEE 802.1q以及VLAN Tagging属于互联网下IEEE 802.1的标准规范
TCO
Total Cost of Ownership (Management)
What Is the Total Cost of Ownership?
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/totalcostofownership.asp
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
传输控制协议
TDESC
Transmit Descriptor
传输描述符
TDP
Total Device Power
关于device power
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/power-device
Total Device Power 设备总功率
TDR
Time Domain Reflectometry
Teaming Mode
When the LAN is in Teaming mode, the 82599 is presented over the SMBus as one device and has one
SMBus address.
网卡聚合模式-Teaming Mode
TFCS
Transmit Flow Control Status
传输流程控制状态
TLP
Transaction layer Packets
传输层包
ToS
Type of Service
TPID
For 802.1q, Tag Header field Tag Protocol Identifier; 2 octets.
TPID(Tag Protocol Identifier，标签协议标识)
TPPAC
Transmit Packet Plane Arbitration Control
传输包平面仲裁控制
Transmit latency
Measured from Tail update until the packet is transmitted on the wire. It is assumed that a single
packet is submitted for this traffic class and its latency is then measured in presence of traffic
belonging to other traffic classes.
Transmit latenc y传输延迟
on the wire 线路上
traffic class 传输级别
TS
Time Stamp
TSO
TCP or Transmit Segmentation offload — A mode in which a large TCP/UDP I/O is handled to the device
and the device segments it to L2 packets according to the requested MSS.
TSS
Transmit Side Scaling
Tx, TX
Transmit
传送,发送
UBWG
User Bandwidth Group
ULP
UP
缩写
英文解释
中文解释
VF
Virtual Function– A part of a PF assigned to a VI
VI
Virtual Image – A virtual machine to which a part of the I/O resources is assigned. Also known as a
VM.
VM
Virtual Machine
VMM
Virtual Machine Monitor
VPD
Vital Product Data (PCI protocol).
重要产品数据协议
VT
Virtualization
WB
Write Back
WC
Worst Case
WfM
Wired for Management
was a primarily hardware-based system allowing a newly built computer without any software to be
manipulated by a master computer that could access the hard disk of the new PC to paste the install
program. It could also be used to update software and monitor system status remotely. Intel
developed the system in the 1990s; it is now considered obsolete.
WoL
Wake-on-LAN Now called APM Wake up or Advanced power management Wake up.
WORD alignment
Implies that physical addresses must be aligned on even boundaries; i.e., the last nibble of the address
may only end in 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, Ah, Ch, or Eh. For example, 0FECBD9A2h.
WRR
Weighted Round-Robin
WSP
Weighted Strict Priority
XAUI
10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface
XFP
10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable modules
XGMII
10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface
XGXS
XMT Frame Transmit
Most Recent Transmit Buffer Tail Register content
Bus Voltage
例如：3.3 V
总线电压
PCI Specification Revision
pci规范修订
Cabling Type
例如：Fibre optic（光学纤维）
布线类型
Max Transfer Distance
例如：50 m
最大传输距离
Data Link Protocol
例如：8Gb Fibre Channel
Interface (Bus) Type
总线类型或接口类型例如：PCI Express 2.0 x8
这里x8代表的是信道数量以及路径宽度，实际代表就是传输速度
ACPI表示高级配置和电源管理接口
ACK/NAK协议
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