flink---实时项目--day02-----1. 解析参数工具类 2. Flink工具类封装 3. 日志采集架构图 4. 测流输出 5. 将kafka中数据写入HDFS 6 KafkaProducer的使用 7 练习
阅读原文时间:2022年01月16日阅读:1

1. 解析参数工具类(ParameterTool)

  该类提供了从不同数据源读取和解析程序参数的简单实用方法,其解析args时,只能支持单只参数。

  • 用来解析main方法传入参数的工具类

public class ParseArgsKit {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ParameterTool parameters = ParameterTool.fromArgs(args);
String host = parameters.getRequired("redis.host");
String port = parameters.getRequired("redis.port");
System.out.println(host);
System.out.println(port);
}
}

参数的输入格式如下:

这种解析程序参数的的优点是参数不需要按照顺序指定,但若是参数过多的话,写起来不方便,这时我们可以选择使用解析配置文件的工具类

  • 用来解析配置文件的工具类,该配置文件的路径自己指定

public class ParseArgsKit {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ParameterTool parameters = ParameterTool.fromPropertiesFile("E:\\flink\\conf.properties");
String host = parameters.getRequired("redis.host");
String port = parameters.getRequired("redis.port");
System.out.println(host);
System.out.println(port);
}
}

配置文件conf.properties

redis.host=feng05
redis.port=4444

2. Flink工具类封装(创建KafkaSource)

RealtimeETL

package cn._51doit.flink.day06;

import cn._51doit.flink.Utils.FlinkUtils;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.serialization.SimpleStringSchema;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.utils.ParameterTool;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;

public class RealtimeETL {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ParameterTool parameters = ParameterTool.fromPropertiesFile("E:\\flink\\conf.properties");
//使用Flink拉取Kafka中的数据,对数据进行清洗、过滤整理
DataStream lines = FlinkUtils.createKafkaStream(parameters, SimpleStringSchema.class);
lines.print();
FlinkUtils.env.execute();
}
}

FlinkUtils

package cn._51doit.flink.Utils;

import org.apache.flink.api.common.restartstrategy.RestartStrategies;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.serialization.DeserializationSchema;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.utils.ParameterTool;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.filesystem.FsStateBackend;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.CheckpointingMode;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.CheckpointConfig;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaConsumer;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;

public class FlinkUtils {
public static final StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
public static DataStream createKafkaStream(ParameterTool parameters, Class> clazz) throws IOException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException {
// 设置checkpoint的间隔时间
env.enableCheckpointing(parameters.getLong("checkpoint.interval",300000));
env.getCheckpointConfig().setCheckpointingMode(CheckpointingMode.AT_LEAST_ONCE);
//就是将job cancel后,依然保存对应的checkpoint数据
env.getCheckpointConfig().enableExternalizedCheckpoints(CheckpointConfig.ExternalizedCheckpointCleanup.RETAIN_ON_CANCELLATION);
String checkPointPath = parameters.get("checkpoint.path");
if(checkPointPath != null){
env.setStateBackend(new FsStateBackend(checkPointPath));
}
int restartAttempts = parameters.getInt("restart.attempts", 30);
int delayBetweenAttempts = parameters.getInt("delay.between.attempts", 30000);
env.setRestartStrategy(RestartStrategies.fixedDelayRestart(restartAttempts, delayBetweenAttempts));
Properties properties = parameters.getProperties();
String topics = parameters.getRequired("kafka.topics");
List topicList = Arrays.asList(topics.split(","));

    FlinkKafkaConsumer<T> flinkKafkaConsumer = new FlinkKafkaConsumer<T>(topicList, clazz.newInstance(), properties);  
    //在Checkpoint的时候将Kafka的偏移量不保存到Kafka特殊的Topic中,默认是true  
    flinkKafkaConsumer.setCommitOffsetsOnCheckpoints(false);  
    return env.addSource(flinkKafkaConsumer);  
}  

}

此处的重点是FlinkKafkaConsumer这个类的使用,下图显示的是其中一种构造方法

参数一:topic名或 topic名的列表

  Flink Kafka Consumer 需要知道如何将来自Kafka的二进制数据转换为Java/Scala对象。DeserializationSchema接口允许程序员指定这个序列化的实现。该接口的 T deserialize(byte[]message) 会在收到每一条Kafka的消息的时候被调用。我们通常会实现 AbstractDeserializationSchema,它可以描述被序列化的Java/Scala类型到Flink的类型(TypeInformation)的映射。如果用户的代码实现了DeserializationSchema,那么就需要自己实现getProducedType(…) 方法。

为了方便使用,Flink提供了一些已实现的schema:

(1) TypeInformationSerializationSchema (andTypeInformationKeyValueSerializationSchema) ,他们会基于Flink的TypeInformation来创建schema。这对于那些从Flink写入,又从Flink读出的数据是很有用的。这种Flink-specific的反序列化会比其他通用的序列化方式带来更高的性能。

(2)JsonDeserializationSchema (andJSONKeyValueDeserializationSchema) 可以把序列化后的Json反序列化成ObjectNode,ObjectNode可以通过objectNode.get(“field”).as(Int/String/…)() 来访问指定的字段。

(3)SimpleStringSchema可以将消息反序列化为字符串。当我们接收到消息并且反序列化失败的时候,会出现以下两种情况: 1) Flink从deserialize(..)方法中抛出异常,这会导致job的失败,然后job会重启;2) 在deserialize(..) 方法出现失败的时候返回null,这会让Flink Kafka consumer默默的忽略这条消息。请注意,如果配置了checkpoint 为enable,由于consumer的失败容忍机制,失败的消息会被继续消费,因此还会继续失败,这就会导致job被不断自动重启。

参数二:

   反序列化约束,以便于Flink决定如何反序列化从Kafka获得的数据。

参数三

  Kafka consumer的属性配置,下面三个属性配置是必须的:

3 日志采集架构图

(1)以前学习离线数仓时,采集数据是使用flume的agent级联的方式,中间层是为了增大吞吐(负载均衡),和容错(failOver),这两个可以同时实现(多个sink)

这种agent级联的方式是一种过时的做法了,在flume1.7前一半使用这种,flume1.7后,有kafkachannel,这种方式就被取代了,其一级agent实现不了容错。更好的方式如下

(2)直接source+kafkaChannel的形式,kafka直接解决掉高吞吐量和容错的问题,并且一级agent中还实现了容错如下图

4. 测流输出

  测流输出与split+select相似。当单存的过滤出某类数据时,用filter效率会高点,但若是对某个数据进行分类时,若再使用filter的话,则要过滤多次,即运行多次任务,效率比较低。若是使用测流输出,运行一次即可

SideOutPutDemo

package cn._51doit.flink.day06;

import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.MapFunction;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.tuple.Tuple3;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.SingleOutputStreamOperator;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.ProcessFunction;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
import org.apache.flink.util.OutputTag;

public class SideOutPutDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
DataStreamSource lines = env.socketTextStream("feng05", 8888);

    SingleOutputStreamOperator<Tuple3<String, String, String>> tpData = lines.map(new MapFunction<String, Tuple3<String, String, String>>() {  
        @Override  
        public Tuple3<String, String, String> map(String value) throws Exception {  
            String\[\] fields = value.split(" ");  
            String event = fields\[0\];  
            String guid = fields\[1\];  
            String timestamp = fields\[2\];  
            return Tuple3.of(event, guid, timestamp);  
        }  
    });  
    OutputTag<Tuple3<String, String, String>> viewTag = new OutputTag<Tuple3<String, String, String>>("view-tag"){};  
    OutputTag<Tuple3<String, String, String>> activityTag = new OutputTag<Tuple3<String, String, String>>("activity-tag"){};  
    OutputTag<Tuple3<String, String, String>> orderTag = new OutputTag<Tuple3<String, String, String>>("order-tag"){};

    SingleOutputStreamOperator<Tuple3<String, String, String>> outDataStream = tpData.process(new ProcessFunction<Tuple3<String, String, String>, Tuple3<String, String, String>>() {  
        @Override  
        public void processElement(Tuple3<String, String, String> input, Context ctx, Collector<Tuple3<String, String, String>> out) throws Exception {  
            // 将数据打上标签  
            String type = input.f0;  
            if (type.equals("pgview")) {  
                ctx.output(viewTag, input);  
            } else if (type.equals("activity")) {  
                ctx.output(activityTag, input);  
            } else {  
                ctx.output(orderTag, input);  
            }  
            // 输出主流的数据,此处不输出主流数据的话,在外面则获取不到主流数据  
            out.collect(input);  
        }  
    });  
    // 输出的测流只能通过getSideOutput  

// DataStream> viewDataStream = outDataStream.getSideOutput(viewTag);
// viewDataStream.print();
outDataStream.print();
env.execute();
}
}

改进使用processElement方法

package cn._51doit.flink.day06;

import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.MapFunction;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.tuple.Tuple3;
import org.apache.flink.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.SingleOutputStreamOperator;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.ProcessFunction;
import org.apache.flink.util.Collector;
import org.apache.flink.util.OutputTag;

/**
* 1.将数据整理成Tuple3
* 2.然后使用侧流输出将数据分类
*/
public class SideOutputsDemo2 {

public static void main(String\[\] args) throws Exception {

    StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();

// view,pid,2020-03-09 11:42:30
// activity,a10,2020-03-09 11:42:38
// order,o345,2020-03-09 11:42:38
DataStreamSource lines = env.socketTextStream("localhost", 8888);

    OutputTag<Tuple3<String, String, String>> viewTag = new OutputTag<Tuple3<String, String, String>>("view-tag") {  
    };  
    OutputTag<Tuple3<String, String, String>> activityTag = new OutputTag<Tuple3<String, String, String>>("activity-tag") {  
    };  
    OutputTag<Tuple3<String, String, String>> orderTag = new OutputTag<Tuple3<String, String, String>>("order-tag") {  
    };

    //直接调用process方法  
    SingleOutputStreamOperator<Tuple3<String, String, String>> tpDataStream = lines.process(new ProcessFunction<String, Tuple3<String, String, String>>() {

        @Override  
        public void open(Configuration parameters) throws Exception {  
            super.open(parameters);  
        }

        @Override  
        public void processElement(String input, Context ctx, Collector<Tuple3<String, String, String>> out) throws Exception {

            //1.将字符串转成Tuple2  
            String\[\] fields = input.split(",");  
            String type = fields\[0\];  
            String id = fields\[1\];  
            String time = fields\[2\];  
            Tuple3<String, String, String> tp = Tuple3.of(type, id, time);

            //2.对数据打标签  
            //将数据打上标签  
            if (type.equals("view")) {  
                //输出数据,将数据和标签关联  
                ctx.output(viewTag, tp);  //ctx.output  输出侧流的  
            } else if (type.equals("activity")) {  
                ctx.output(activityTag, tp);  
            } else {  
                ctx.output(orderTag, tp);  
            }  
            //输出主流的数据  
            out.collect(tp);  
        }  
    });

    //输出的测流只能通过getSideOutput  
    DataStream<Tuple3<String, String, String>> viewDataStream = tpDataStream.getSideOutput(viewTag);

    //分别处理各种类型的数据。  
    viewDataStream.print();

    env.execute();

}  

}

5. 将kafka中数据写入HDFS

  • 方案一:使用flume,具体见下图:

  • 方案二:使用StreamingFileSink,此种形式更加好,其可以按照需求滚动生成文件

6 KafkaProducer的使用

  现在的需求是将kafka中的数据进行处理(分主题等),然后写回kafka中去。如下所示

这时可以使用flink的自定义sink往kafka中写数据,具体代码如下

KafkaSinkDemo(老版本1.9以前)

package cn._51doit.flink.day06;

import org.apache.flink.api.common.serialization.SimpleStringSchema;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaProducer;

public class KafkaSinkDemo {

public static void main(String\[\] args) throws Exception {

    StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();

    DataStreamSource<String> lines = env.socketTextStream("localhost", 8888);

    FlinkKafkaProducer<String> myProducer = new FlinkKafkaProducer<String>(  
            "node-1.51doit.cn:9092,node-2.51doit.cn:9092,node-3.51doit.cn:9092",            // broker list  
            "etl-test",                  // target topic  
            new SimpleStringSchema());   // serialization schema

    myProducer.setWriteTimestampToKafka(true);

    //将数据写入到Kafka  
    lines.addSink(myProducer);

    env.execute();

}  

}

KafkaSinkDemo2(flink1.9以后)

package cn._51doit.flink.day06;

import org.apache.flink.api.common.serialization.SimpleStringSchema;
import org.apache.flink.api.java.utils.ParameterTool;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStream;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaProducer;

import java.util.Properties;

/**
* 使用新的Kafka Sink API
*/
public class KafkaSinkDemo2 {

public static void main(String\[\] args) throws Exception {

    ParameterTool parameters = ParameterTool.fromPropertiesFile(args\[0\]);  
    DataStream<String> lines = FlinkUtils.createKafkaStream(parameters, SimpleStringSchema.class);  
    //写入Kafka的topic  
    String topic = "etl-test";  
    //设置Kafka相关参数  
    Properties properties = new Properties();  
    properties.setProperty("transaction.timeout.ms",1000 \* 60 \* 5 + "");  
    properties.setProperty("bootstrap.servers",  
            "node-1.51doit.cn:9092,node-2.51doit.cn:9092,node-3.51doit.cn:9092");  
    //创建FlinkKafkaProducer  
    FlinkKafkaProducer<String> kafkaProducer = new FlinkKafkaProducer<String>(  
            topic, //指定topic  
            new KafkaStringSerializationSchema(topic), //指定写入Kafka的序列化Schema  
            properties, //指定Kafka的相关参数  
            FlinkKafkaProducer.Semantic.EXACTLY\_ONCE //指定写入Kafka为EXACTLY\_ONCE语义  
    );  
    //添加KafkaSink  
    lines.addSink(kafkaProducer);  
    //执行  
    FlinkUtils.env.execute();

}  

}

这里需要注意一个点,要设置如下参数:

properties.setProperty("transaction.timeout.ms",1000 * 60 * 5 + "");

  kafka brokers默认的最大事务超时时间为15min,生产者设置事务时不允许大于这个值。但是在默认的情况下,FlinkKafkaProducer设置事务超时属性为1h,超过了默认transaction.max.ms 15min。这个时候我们选择生产者的事务超时属性transaction.timeout.ms小于15min即可

7. 练习(未练)

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