字典键是唯一的,但值则不是
一个简单的字典
dict = {"guo":"1106","tang":"0809","xie":"0924"}
dict1 = {"abc":456}
dic2 = {12:123,98.6:33}
访问字典的值
d = dic["guo"]
输出结果:1106
修改字典
dic["guo"]="1107" #把1106的值改为1107
删除字典元素
dict = {"guo",1106,"zhu":0724,"tang":0809,"xie":"0924"}
del dict["guo"] #删除guo
del dict #删除字典
dic.clear()#清空字典内容
字典的特性
字典的键不允许出现两次,如果出现两次,会记住最后面一个
例:
dict = {"guo":123,"tang":456,"guo":789}
print dict["guo"]
输出结果:789
键不可变,所以可以是数字,字符串,元组。列表就不可以
例:
dict = {["name"]:"guo","Age":7}
print dict["name"]#这样会错误提示TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'
字典内置函数以及方法
len(dict)#计算字典的键的总个数
例:
dict = {"guo":123,"tang":456,"xie":789}
print len(dict)
输出结果:3
str(dict)可以以字符串的形式打印
dict = {"guo":123,"tang":456,"xie":789}
print "this is %s"%str(dict)
输出结果:this is {'tang': 456, 'guo': 123, 'xie': 789}
type(dict)查看类型
dict = {"guo":123,"tang":456,"xie":789}
print type(dict)
输出结果:
get()方法
dict = {"guo":123,"tang":456,"xie":789}
print dict.get(guo)#指定返回guo的值
输出结果:123
print dict.get("gg")#当没有gg这个键时,返回None
输出结果: None
dic.items()
dict = {"guo":123,"tang":456,"xie":789}
print dict.items()
输出结果:
[('tang', 456), ('guo', 123), ('xie', 789)]#以列表形式返回键和值
for key,value in dict.items():
print key,value
输出结果:
tang 456
guo 123
xie 789
dict.values()# 返回字典中的所有值,以列表形式返回
dict = {"guo":123,"tang":456,"xie":789}
print dict.values()
输出结果:
[456, 123, 789]
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