在终端下使用vim进行编辑时，默认情况下，编辑的界面上是没有行号的、语法高亮度显示、智能缩进等功能的。

为了更好的在vim下进行工作，需要手动配置一个配置文件: .vimrc

在启动vim时，当前用户根目录下的 .vimrc 文件会被自动读取，该文件可以包含一些设置甚至脚本，所以，一般情况下把 .vimrc文件创建在当前用户的根目录下比较方便，即创建的命令为：

$vim ~/.vimrc

设置完成后

$:x 或者 $:wq

进行保存退出即可。

下面给出一个例子，已经很详细了，是某位大神的配置文件，这里对其表示敬意。

"双引号开始的行为注释行，下同。

" File: _vimrc
" Author: xuleaperxuleaper@gmail.com
" Description: xuleaper's personal vim config file.
" Last Modified: $Id: _vimrc 467 2012-09-08 03:49:05Z $
" Blog: http://www.gracecode.com/
" Since:2010-06-15
" History:
" 2012-06-08
" +vundle支持,更加灵活的管理插件
" 2012-01-20
" +整理vimrc结构
" 2011-09-08
" +在网络配置文件的基础上,编写自己的vimrc
"=============================
" vimrc_structure
" |
" +--Environment setting
" |
" +--Multi_language setting
" |
" +--GUI_laguage setting
" |
" +--AutoCmd
" |
" +--Plugin configure
" |
" +--Script's function
" |
" +--Key shortcut
" |
" ---Bundle setting
"=============================
if exists("mingcheng")
finish
endif
let g:mingcheng = 1
if v:version < 700 echoerr 'This _vimrc requires Vim 7 or later.' quit endif " ============ " Environment " ============ " Color Scheme if has('syntax') " 默认编辑器配色 au BufNewFile,BufRead,BufEnter,WinEnter * colo desert " 各不同类型的文件配色不同 au BufNewFile,BufRead,BufEnter,WinEnter *.wiki colo void " 保证语法高亮 syntax on endif " 保留历史记录 set history=500 " 行控制 set linebreak set nocompatible set textwidth=80 set wrap " 标签页 set tabpagemax=9 set showtabline=2 " 控制台响铃 set noerrorbells set novisualbell set t_vb= " 行号和标尺 set number set ruler set rulerformat=%15(%c%V\ %p%%%) " 命令行于状态行 set ch=2 set stl=\ [File]\ %F%m%r%h%y[%{&fileformat},%{&fileencoding}]\ %w\ \ [PWD]\ %r%{GetPWD()}%h\ %=\ [Line]%l/%L\ %=\[%P] set ls=2 " 始终显示状态行 set wildmenu "命令行补全以增强模式运行 " 定义 为逗号
let mapleader = ","
let maplocalleader = ","
" Search Option
set hlsearch " Highlight search things
set magic " Set magic on, for regular expressions
set showmatch " Show matching bracets when text indicator is over them
set mat=2 " How many tenths of a second to blink
set noincsearch
" 制表符
set tabstop=4
set expandtab
set smarttab
set shiftwidth=4
set softtabstop=4
" 状态栏显示目前所执行的指令
set showcmd
" 缩进
set autoindent
set smartindent
" 自动重新读入
set autoread
" 插入模式下使用 、
set backspace=indent,eol,start
" 设定在任何模式下鼠标都可用
" 自动改变当前目录
if has('netbeans_intg')
set autochdir
endif
" 备份和缓存
set nobackup
"set noswapfile
" 自动完成
set complete=.,w,b,k,t,i
set completeopt=longest,menu
" 代码折叠
set foldmethod=marker
" 共享外部剪贴板
set clipboard+=unnamed
"设置快速编辑.vimrc文件 ,e 编辑.vimrc
" 快速修改 vimrc 文件
if has("win32")
map e :e $VIM/_vimrc
else
map e :e $VIM/.vimrc
endif
"保存.vimrc文件后会自动调用新的.vimrc
autocmd! bufwritepost _vimrc source $VIM/_vimrc
" ======================
" Multi_language setting
" default encoding UTF
" ======================
if has("multi_byte")
set encoding=utf-8
"set fenc=cp936
" English messages only
"language messages zh_CN.utf-8
if has('win32')
language chinese
let &termencoding=&encoding
endif
set fencs=utf-8,gbk,chinese,latin1
set formatoptions+=mM
set nobomb " 不使用 Unicode 签名
if v:lang =~? '^\(zh\)\|\(ja\)\|\(ko\)'
set ambiwidth=double
endif
else
echoerr "Sorry, this version of (g)vim was not compiled with +multi_byte"
endif
" 永久撤销，Vim7.3 新特性
if has('persistent_undo')
set undofile
" 设置撤销文件的存放的目录
if has("unix")
set undodir=/tmp/,~/tmp,~/Temp
else
set undodir=d:/temp/
endif
set undolevels=1000
set undoreload=10000
endif
" Diff 模式的时候鼠标同步滚动 for Vim7.3
if has('cursorbind')
set cursorbind
end
"============
" GUI setting
" ===========
if has('gui_running')
" 只显示菜单
set guioptions=mcr
" 高亮光标所在的行
set cursorline
if has("win32")
" Windows 兼容配置
source $VIMRUNTIME/mswin.vim
source $VIMRUNTIME/menu.vim
source $ViMRUnTIME/delmenu.vim
" f11 最大化
nmap :call libcallnr('fullscreen.dll', 'ToggleFullScreen', 0)
nmap ff :call libcallnr('fullscreen.dll', 'ToggleFullScreen', 0)
" 字体配置
exec 'set guifont='.iconv('Consolas', &enc, 'gbk').':h12:cANSI'
exec 'set guifontwide='.iconv('Microsoft\ YaHei', &enc, 'gbk').':h12:cGB2312'
endif
" Under Linux/Unix etc.
if has("unix") && !has('gui_macvim')
set guifont=Courier\ 10\ Pitch\ 11
endif
" Under the Mac(MacVim)
if has("mac") || has("gui_macvim")
if has("gui_macvim")
" MacVim 下的字体配置
set guifont=Courier_New:h14
set guifontwide=YouYuan:h14
" 半透明和窗口大小
set transparency=2
set lines=200 columns=120
" 使用 MacVim 原生的全屏幕功能
let s:lines=&lines
let s:columns=&columns
func! FullScreenEnter()
set lines=999 columns=999
set fu
endf
func! FullScreenLeave()
let &lines=s:lines
let &columns=s:columns
set nofu
endf
func! FullScreenToggle()
if &fullscreen
call FullScreenLeave()
else
call FullScreenEnter()
endif
endf
set guioptions+=e
" Mac 下，按 ff 切换全屏
nmap :call FullScreenToggle()
nmap ff :call FullScreenToggle()
" I like TCSH :^)
set shell=/bin/tcsh
" Set input method off
set imdisable
" Set QuickTemplatePath
let g:QuickTemplatePath = $HOME.'/.vim/templates/'
" 如果为空文件，则自动设置当前目录为桌面
lcd ~/Desktop/
endif
endif
endif
" =========
" AutoCmd
" =========
if has("autocmd")
filetype plugin indent on
" 括号自动补全
func! AutoClose()
:inoremap ( ()i
:inoremap " ""i
:inoremap ' ''i
:inoremap { {}i
:inoremap [ []i
:inoremap ) =ClosePair(')')
:inoremap } =ClosePair('}')
:inoremap ] =ClosePair(']')
endf
func! ClosePair(char)
if getline('.')[col('.') - 1] == a:char
return "\<Right>"
else
return a:char
endif
endf
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
augroup vimrcEx
au!
autocmd FileType text setlocal textwidth=80
autocmd BufReadPost *
\ if line("'\"") > 0 && line("'\"") <= line("$") | \ exe "normal g`\"" | \ endif augroup END """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" " Auto close quotation marks for PHP, Javascript, etc, file au FileType php,javascript,c,cpp exe AutoClose() " JavaScript 语法高亮 au FileType html,javascript let g:javascript_enable_domhtmlcss = 1 au BufRead,BufNewFile *.js setf jquery " 给各语言文件添加 Dict if has('win32') let s:dict_dir = $VIM.'\vimfiles\dict\' else let s:dict_dir = $HOME."/.vim/dict/" endif let s:dict_dir = "setlocal dict+=".s:dict_dir au FileType php exec s:dict_dir."php_funclist.dict" au FileType css exec s:dict_dir."css.dict" au FileType javascript exec s:dict_dir."javascript.dict" " 格式化 JavaScript 文件 au FileType javascript map :call g:Jsbeautify()
au FileType javascript set omnifunc=javascriptcomplete#CompleteJS
" 增加 ActionScript 语法支持
au BufNewFile,BufRead,BufEnter,WinEnter,FileType *.as setf actionscript
" CSS3 语法支持
au BufRead,BufNewFile *.css set ft=css syntax=css3
" 增加 Objective-C 语法支持
au BufNewFile,BufRead,BufEnter,WinEnter,FileType *.m,*.h setf objc
" 将指定文件的换行符转换成 UNIX 格式
au FileType php,javascript,html,css,python,vim,vimwiki set ff=unix
" 自动最大化窗口
if has('gui_running')
if has("win32")
au GUIEnter * simalt ~x
"elseif has("unix")
"au GUIEnter * winpos 0 0
"set lines=999 columns=999
" 给 Win32 下的 gVim 窗口设置透明度
au GUIEnter * call libcallnr("vimtweak.dll", "SetAlpha", 225)
endif
endif
endif
" =================
" Plugin Configure
" =================
"neocomplcache setting
" VIM HTML 插件
let g:no_html_toolbar = 'yes'
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" VimWiki 配置
if !exists("g:vimwiki_list")
let g:vimwiki_list = [
\{"path": "~/Wiki/Default/", "path_html": "~/Sites/wiki/",
\ "html_footer": "~/Wiki/Default/footer.tpl", "html_header": "~/Wiki/Default/header.tpl",
\ "auto_export": 1},
\{"path": "~/Wiki/WebWW/", "path_html": "~/Sites/webww/", "auto_export": 1}
\]
let g:vimwiki_auto_checkbox = 0
if has('win32')
" 注意！
" 1、如果在 Windows 下，盘符必须大写
" 2、路径末尾最好加上目录分隔符
let s:vimwiki_root = "$VIM/Vimwiki"
let g:vimwiki_list = [
\{"path": s:vimwiki_root."/Default/",
\ "html_footer": s:vimwiki_root."/Default/footer.html",
\ "html_header": s:vimwiki_root."/Default/header.html",
\ "path_html": s:vimwiki_root."/Default/_output/", "auto_export": 1},
\{"path": s:vimwiki_root."/WebWW/",
\"path_html": s:vimwiki_root."/WebWW/html/", "auto_export": 1}
\]
let g:vimwiki_w32_dir_enc = 'cp936'
endif
au FileType vimwiki set ff=unix fenc=utf8 noswapfile nobackup
"au FileType vimwiki imap =TriggerSnippet()
nmap :VimwikiTabGoHome
nmap ii :VimwikiTabGoHome
endif
" on Windows, default charset is gbk
if has("win32")
let g:fontsize#encoding = "cp936"
endif
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" PYTHON 相关的设置
"设置= + - * 前后自动空格
"设置,后面自动添加空格
au FileType python inoremap = =EqualSign('=')
au FileType python inoremap + =EqualSign('+')
au FileType python inoremap - =EqualSign('-')
au FileType python inoremap * =EqualSign('*')
au FileType python inoremap / =EqualSign('/')
au FileType python inoremap > =EqualSign('>')
au FileType python inoremap < =EqualSign('<')
au FileType python inoremap : =Swap()
au FileType python inoremap , ,
" ==================
" script's functions
"===================
" 获取当前目录
func! GetPWD()
return substitute(getcwd(), "", "", "g")
endf
" 跳过页头注释，到首行实际代码
func! GotoFirstEffectiveLine()
let l:c = 0
while l:c ):
function! Swap()
if getline('.')[col('.') - 1] =~ ")"
return "\<ESC>la:"
else
return ":"
endif
endf
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"实现+-*/前后自动添加空格，逗号后面自动添加空格，适用python
"支持+= -+ *= /+格式
function! EqualSign(char)
if a:char =~ '=' && getline('.') =~ ".*("
return a:char
endif
let ex1 = getline('.')[col('.') - 3]
let ex2 = getline('.')[col('.') - 2]
if ex1 =~ "[-=+><>\/\*]"
if ex2 !~ "\s"
return "\<ESC>i".a:char."\<SPACE>"
else
return "\<ESC>xa".a:char."\<SPACE>"
endif
else
if ex2 !~ "\s"
return "\<SPACE>".a:char."\<SPACE>\<ESC>a"
else
return a:char."\<SPACE>\<ESC>a"
endif
endif
endf
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
"SwitchToBuf()实现它在所有标签页的窗口中查找指定的文件名，如果找到这样一个窗口，
"就跳到此窗口中；否则，它新建一个标签页来打开vimrc文件
"上面自动编辑.vimrc文件用到的函数
function! SwitchToBuf(filename)
let bufwinnr = bufwinnr(a:filename)
if bufwinnr != -1
exec bufwinnr . "wincmd w"
return
else
" find in each tab
tabfirst
let tab = 1
while tab <= tabpagenr("$") let bufwinnr = bufwinnr(a:filename) if bufwinnr != -1 exec "normal " . tab . "gt" exec bufwinnr . "wincmd w" return endif tabnext let tab = tab + 1 endwhile " not exist, new tab exec "tabnew " . a:filename endif endfunction """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" "Last change用到的函数，返回时间，能够自动调整位置 function! TimeStamp(…) let sbegin = '' let send = '' if a:0 >= 1
let sbegin = a:1.'\s*'
endif
if a:0 >= 2
let send = ' '.a:2
endif
let pattern = 'Last Change: .\+'
\. send
let pattern = '^\s*' . sbegin . pattern . '\s*$'
let now = strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',
\localtime())
let row = search(pattern, 'n')
if row == 0
let now = a:1 . ' Last Change: '
\. now . send
call append(2, now)
else
let curstr = getline(row)
let col = match( curstr , 'Last')
let spacestr = repeat(' ',col - 1)
let now = a:1 . spacestr . 'Last Change: '
\. now . send
call setline(row, now)
endif
endfunction
" =============
" Key Shortcut
" =============
nmap :tabnew
nmap :tabprevious
nmap :tabnext
nmap :tabclose
nmap :tabnext
for i in range(1, &tabpagemax)
exec 'nmap '.i.'gt'
endfor
" 插件快捷键
nmap :NERDTree
nmap :BufExplorer
nmap :BufExplorer
" 插入模式按 F4 插入当前时间
imap =GetDateStamp()
map zM " 关闭所有折
map zR " 打开所有折叠
nmap :TagbarToggle
map :!ctags -R
map :!ctags -R --c++-kinds=+p --fields=+iaS --extra=+q .
" 新建 XHTML 、PHP、Javascript 文件的快捷键
nmap :NewQuickTemplateTab xhtml
nmap :NewQuickTemplateTab php
nmap :NewQuickTemplateTab javascript
nmap :NewQuickTemplateTab css
nmap ca :Calendar
nmap mr :MRU
nmap dd :NERDTreeToggle
nmap bf :BufExplorer
nmap tb :TagbarToggle
" 直接查看第一行生效的代码
nmap :call GotoFirstEffectiveLine()
" 按下 Q 不进入 Ex 模式，而是退出
nmap Q :x
"==================
" Bundle setting
" =================
set nocompatible " be iMproved
filetype off " required!
set rtp+=$VIM/vimfiles/bundle/vundle/
"call vundle#rc('$VIM/vimfiles/bundle')
" let Vundle manage Vundle
" required!
" My Bundles here:
" original repos on github
"========================================
" non github repos
"========================================
"call pathogen#infect("$vim/vimfiles/bundle")
filetype plugin indent on " required!