实验十一 集合
实验时间 2018-11-8
1、实验目的与要求
(1) 掌握Vetor、Stack、Hashtable三个类的用途及常用API;
(2) 了解java集合框架体系组成;
(3) 掌握ArrayList、LinkList两个类的用途及常用API。
(4) 了解HashSet类、TreeSet类的用途及常用API。
(5)了解HashMap、TreeMap两个类的用途及常用API;
(6) 结对编程(Pair programming)练习,体验程序开发中的两人合作。
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1: 导入第9章示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。
测试程序1:
l 使用JDK命令运行编辑、运行以下三个示例程序,结合运行结果理解程序;
l 掌握Vetor、Stack、Hashtable三个类的用途及常用API。
//示例程序1
import java.util.Vector;
class Cat {
private int catNumber;
Cat(int i) {
catNumber = i;
}
void print() {
System.out.println("Cat #" + catNumber);
}
}
class Dog {
private int dogNumber;
Dog(int i) {
dogNumber = i;
}
void print() {
System.out.println("Dog #" + dogNumber);
}
}
public class CatsAndDogs {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector cats = new Vector();
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
cats.addElement(new Cat(i));
cats.addElement(new Dog(7));
for (int i = 0; i < cats.size(); i++)
((Cat) cats.elementAt(i)).print();
}
}
//示例程序2
import java.util.*;
public class Stacks {
static String[] months = { "1", "2", "3", "4" };
public static void main(String[] args) {
Stack stk = new Stack();
for (int i = 0; i < months.length; i++)
stk.push(months[i]);
System.out.println(stk);
System.out.println("element 2=" + stk.elementAt(2));
while (!stk.empty())
System.out.println(stk.pop());
}
}
//示例程序3
import java.util.*;
class Counter {
int i = 1;
public String toString() {
return Integer.toString(i);
}
}
public class Statistics {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
Integer r = new Integer((int) (Math.random() * 20));
if (ht.containsKey(r))
((Counter) ht.get(r)).i++;
else
ht.put(r, new Counter());
}
System.out.println(ht);
}
}
示例程序1:
因为dog类无法强制类型转换为cat类,所以程序会出现以下错误:
更改思路(两种方法):
(1)输出cat类时,将dog类放到cat类的输出循环之外,并将Dog(7)中的内容强制转换成dog类后单独输出。
更改后代码:
package demo;
import java.util.Vector;
class Cat {
private int catNumber;
Cat(int i) {
catNumber = i;
}
void print() {
System.out.println("Cat #" + catNumber);
}
}
class Dog {
private int dogNumber;
Dog(int i) {
dogNumber = i;
}
void print() {
System.out.println("Dog #" + dogNumber);
}
}
public class CatsAndDogs {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector cats = new Vector();
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
cats.addElement(new Cat(i));
cats.addElement(new Dog(7));
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
((Cat) cats.elementAt(i)).print();
((Dog) cats.elementAt(7)).print();
}
}
CatsAndDogs
(2)输出结果时,使用instanceof语句对类(cat和dog类)进行判断,根据情况输出。
更改后代码:
package demo;
import java.util.Vector;
class Cat {
private int catNumber;
Cat(int i) {
catNumber = i;
}
void print() {
System.out.println("Cat #" + catNumber);
}
}
class Dog {
private int dogNumber;
Dog(int i) {
dogNumber = i;
}
void print() {
System.out.println("Dog #" + dogNumber);
}
}
public class CatsAndDogs {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector cats = new Vector();
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
cats.addElement(new Cat(i));
cats.addElement(new Dog(7));
for (int i = 0; i < cats.size(); i++)
if(cats.elementAt(i) instanceof Cat) {
((Cat) cats.elementAt(i)).print();
}
else
((Dog) cats.elementAt(i)).print();
}
}
CatsAndDogs
更改后的结果(均为以下结果):
示例程序2:
示例程序3:
程序解析:
该示例检验Math.random()方法的随机性。在理想情况下,该方法应该产生一系列完美的随机分布的数字。为了验证这一点,需要生成数量众多的随机数字,然后计算落在不同范围内的数字量。该程序生成10000个随数,查看它们在0~20之间的分布如何。
package demo;
import java.util.*;
class Counter {
int i = 1;
//default:即不加任何访问修饰符,通常称为“默认访问模式“。该模式下,只允许在同一个包中进行访问。
public String toString() {
return Integer.toString(i);
}
}
public class Statistics {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Hashtable ht = new Hashtable();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
Integer r = new Integer((int) (Math.random() * 20));
//用Math.random()方法生成0到19的所有整数,并以int型存放,同时用Integer方法封装到数组中
if (ht.containsKey(r))
((Counter) ht.get(r)).i++;
else
ht.put(r, new Counter());
//输出r中数据的键值对出现的次数
}
System.out.println(ht);
}
}
Statistics
运行结果:
关于int i为何种访问权限修饰符的思考(上课所提到的):
测试程序2:
l 使用JDK命令编辑运行ArrayListDemo和LinkedListDemo两个程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
import java.util.*;
public class ArrayListDemo {
public static void main(String[] argv) {
ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
// Add lots of elements to the ArrayList…
al.add(new Integer(11));
al.add(new Integer(12));
al.add(new Integer(13));
al.add(new String("hello"));
// First print them out using a for loop.
System.out.println("Retrieving by index:");
for (int i = 0; i < al.size(); i++) {
System.out.println("Element " + i + " = " + al.get(i));
}
}
}
import java.util.*;
public class LinkedListDemo {
public static void main(String[] argv) {
LinkedList l = new LinkedList();
l.add(new Object());
l.add("Hello");
l.add("zhangsan");
ListIterator li = l.listIterator(0);
while (li.hasNext())
System.out.println(li.next());
if (l.indexOf("Hello") < 0)
System.err.println("Lookup does not work");
else
System.err.println("Lookup works");
}
}
l 在Elipse环境下编辑运行调试教材360页程序9-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
l 掌握ArrayList、LinkList两个类的用途及常用API。
ArrayListDemo(运行结果):
增加System.out.println(al.size());语句可以输出有多少个元素
LinkedListDemo(运行结果):
教材p360 9-1程序:
package linkedList;
import java.util.*;
/**
* This program demonstrates operations on linked lists.
* @version 1.11 2012-01-26
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class LinkedListTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
List
//生成一个String型数组a,用add方法追加元素
a.add("Amy");
a.add("Carl");
a.add("Erica");
List<String> b = new LinkedList<>();
//生成一个String型数组b,用add方法追加元素
b.add("Bob");
b.add("Doug");
b.add("Frances");
b.add("Gloria");
// merge the words from b into a
//将b数组中的单词合并到a中
ListIterator<String> aIter = a.listIterator();
Iterator<String> bIter = b.iterator();
while (bIter.hasNext())
{
if (aIter.hasNext()) aIter.next();
aIter.add(bIter.next());
}
System.out.println(a);
// remove every second word from b
//删除b数组中的第二个单词
bIter = b.iterator();
while (bIter.hasNext())
{
bIter.next(); // skip one element(跳过一个元素)
if (bIter.hasNext())
{
bIter.next(); // skip next element(跳过下一个元素)
bIter.remove(); // remove that element(移除那个元素)
}
}
System.out.println(b);
// bulk operation: remove all words in b from a
//批量操作:从a中删除b中的所有单词
a.removeAll(b);
System.out.println(a);
}
}
LinkedListTest
运行结果:
测试程序3:
l 运行SetDemo程序,结合运行结果理解程序;
import java.util.*;
public class SetDemo {
public static void main(String[] argv) {
HashSet h = new HashSet(); //也可以 Set h=new HashSet()
h.add("One");
h.add("Two");
h.add("One"); // DUPLICATE
h.add("Three");
Iterator it = h.iterator();
while (it.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(it.next());
}
}
}
运行结果:
l 在Elipse环境下调试教材365页程序9-2,结合运行结果理解程序;了解HashSet类的用途及常用API。
package set;
import java.util.*;
/**
* This program uses a set to print all unique words in System.in.
* @version 1.12 2015-06-21
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class SetTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Set
long totalTime = 0;
try (Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in))
{
while (in.hasNext())
{
String word = in.next();
long callTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
words.add(word);
callTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - callTime;
totalTime += callTime;
}
}
Iterator<String> iter = words.iterator();
for (int i = 1; i <= 20 && iter.hasNext(); i++)
System.out.println(iter.next());
System.out.println(". . .");
System.out.println(words.size() + " distinct words. " + totalTime + " milliseconds.");
}
}
SetTest
l 在Elipse环境下调试教材367页-368程序9-3、9-4,结合程序运行结果理解程序;了解TreeSet类的用途及常用API。
package treeSet;
import java.util.*;
/**
* This program sorts a set of item by comparing their descriptions.
* @version 1.12 2015-06-21
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class TreeSetTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
SortedSet
parts.add(new Item("Toaster", 1234));
parts.add(new Item("Widget", 4562));
parts.add(new Item("Modem", 9912));
System.out.println(parts);
NavigableSet<Item> sortByDescription = new TreeSet<>(
Comparator.comparing(Item::getDescription));
sortByDescription.addAll(parts);
System.out.println(sortByDescription);
}
}
TreeSetTest
package treeSet;
import java.util.*;
/**
* An item with a description and a part number.
*/
public class Item implements Comparable
{
private String description;
private int partNumber;
/**
* Constructs an item.
*
* @param aDescription
* the item's description
* @param aPartNumber
* the item's part number
*/
public Item(String aDescription, int aPartNumber)
{
description = aDescription;
partNumber = aPartNumber;
}
/**
* Gets the description of this item.
*
* @return the description
*/
public String getDescription()
{
return description;
}
public String toString()
{
return "[description=" + description + ", partNumber=" + partNumber + "]";
}
public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
{
if (this == otherObject) return true;
if (otherObject == null) return false;
if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false;
Item other = (Item) otherObject;
return Objects.equals(description, other.description) && partNumber == other.partNumber;
}
public int hashCode()
{
return Objects.hash(description, partNumber);
}
public int compareTo(Item other)
{
int diff = Integer.compare(partNumber, other.partNumber);
return diff != 0 ? diff : description.compareTo(other.description);
}
}
Item
运行结果:
测试程序4:
l 使用JDK命令运行HashMapDemo程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
import java.util.*;
public class HashMapDemo {
public static void main(String[] argv) {
HashMap h = new HashMap();
// The hash maps from company name to address.
h.put("Adobe", "Mountain View, CA");
h.put("IBM", "White Plains, NY");
h.put("Sun", "Mountain View, CA");
String queryString = "Adobe";
String resultString = (String)h.get(queryString);
System.out.println("They are located in: " + resultString);
}
}
运行结果:
l 在Elipse环境下调试教材373页程序9-6,结合程序运行结果理解程序;
了解HashMap、TreeMap两个类的用途及常用API。
代码:
package map;
import java.util.*;
/**
* This program demonstrates the use of a map with key type String and value type Employee.
* @version 1.12 2015-06-21
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class MapTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Map
staff.put("144-25-5464", new Employee("Amy Lee"));
staff.put("567-24-2546", new Employee("Harry Hacker"));
staff.put("157-62-7935", new Employee("Gary Cooper"));
staff.put("456-62-5527", new Employee("Francesca Cruz"));
// print all entries
System.out.println(staff);
// remove an entry
staff.remove("567-24-2546");
// replace an entry
staff.put("456-62-5527", new Employee("Francesca Miller"));
// look up a value
System.out.println(staff.get("157-62-7935"));
// iterate through all entries
staff.forEach((k, v) ->
System.out.println("key=" + k + ", value=" + v));
}
}
MapTest
package map;
/**
* A minimalist employee class for testing purposes.
*/
public class Employee
{
private String name;
private double salary;
/**
* Constructs an employee with $0 salary.
* @param n the employee name
*/
public Employee(String name)
{
this.name = name;
salary = 0;
}
public String toString()
{
return "[name=" + name + ", salary=" + salary + "]";
}
}
Employee
运行结果:
实验2:结对编程练习:
l 关于结对编程:以下图片是一个结对编程场景:两位学习伙伴坐在一起,面对着同一台显示器,使用着同一键盘,同一个鼠标,他们一起思考问题,一起分析问题,一起编写程序
l 关于结对编程的阐述可参见以下链接:
http://www.cnblogs.com/xinz/archive/2011/08/07/2130332.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_programming
l 对于结对编程中代码设计规范的要求参考:
http://www.cnblogs.com/xinz/archive/2011/11/20/2255971.html
以下实验,就让我们来体验一下结对编程的魅力。
l 确定本次实验结对编程合作伙伴;
合作伙伴:王斌龙
l 各自运行合作伙伴实验九编程练习1,结合使用体验对所运行程序提出完善建议;
王斌龙的代码:
package ba;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Cardtest {
// 文件读取模块 利用ArrayList构造studentlist存放文件内容
private static ArrayList
public static void main(String\[\] args) {
cardlist = new ArrayList<>();
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
File file = new File("C:\\\\身份证号.txt");
try {
// 创建文件字符流,分类读取文件内容
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
String temp = null;
while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
String name = linescanner.next();
String id = linescanner.next();
String sex = linescanner.next();
String age = linescanner.next();
String area = linescanner.nextLine();
Card card = new Card();
card.setName(name);
card.setId(id);
card.setSex(sex);
int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
card.setAge(a);
card.setArea(area);
cardlist.add(card);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
System.out.println("信息文件找不到");
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
System.out.println("信息文件读取错误");
e.printStackTrace();
}
// 根据实验要求,利用switch语句选不同操作的模块
boolean isTrue = true;
while (isTrue) {
System.out.println("欢迎来到身份证信息查询系统,请选择你的操作");
System.out.println("1.字典排序");
System.out.println("2.输出年龄最大和最小的人");
System.out.println("3.寻找年龄相近的人");
System.out.println("4.寻找老乡");
System.out.println("5.退出");
int nextInt = scanner.nextInt();
switch (nextInt) {
case 1:
Collections.sort(cardlist);
System.out.println(cardlist.toString());
break;
case 2:
int max = 0, min = 100;
int j, k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < cardlist.size(); i++) {
j = cardlist.get(i).getAge();
if (j > max) {
max = j;
k1 = i;
}
if (j < min) {
min = j;
k2 = i;
}
}
System.out.println("年龄最大:" + cardlist.get(k1));
System.out.println("年龄最小:" + cardlist.get(k2));
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("你的年龄:");
int yourage = scanner.nextInt();
int near = agenear(yourage);
System.out.println(cardlist.get(near));
break;
case 4:
System.out.println("你的家乡?");
String find = scanner.next();
String place = find.substring(0, 3);
for (int i = 0; i < cardlist.size(); i++) {
if (cardlist.get(i).getArea().substring(1, 4).equals(place))
System.out.println("老乡 " + cardlist.get(i));
}
break;
case 5:
isTrue = false;
System.out.println("程序已退出!");
break;
default:
System.out.println("输入有误");
}
}
}
//寻找年龄相近的人的位置
public static int agenear(int age) {
int j = 0, min = 100, value = 0, k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < cardlist.size(); i++) {
value = cardlist.get(i).getAge() - age;
if (value < 0)
value = -value;
if (value < min) {
min = value;
k = i;
}
}
return k;
}
}
Cardtest
package ba;
//对数据具体处理的模块
public class Card implements Comparable
private String name;
private String id;
private String sex;
private int age;
private String area;
//返回具体的数据
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getArea() {
return area;
}
public void setArea(String area) {
this.area = area;
}
// 按名字的字典顺序排列
public int compareTo(Card c) {
return this.name.compareTo(c.getName());
}
// 用toString方法返回数据
public String toString() {
return name + "\\t" + id + "\\t" + sex + "\\t" + age + "\\t" + area + "\\n";
}
}
Card
Card
完善建议:
简化代码的行数
l 各自运行合作伙伴实验十编程练习2,结合使用体验对所运行程序提出完善建议;
王斌龙的代码:
package 异常;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
Demo demo=new Demo();
PrintWriter output = null;
try {
output = new PrintWriter("test.txt");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100);
int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100);
int c = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 3);
switch (c) {
case 0:
System.out.println(a + "+" + b + "=");
int d0 = in.nextInt();
output.println(a + "+" + b + "=" + d0);
if (d0 == demo.demo1(a, b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
} else {
System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
}
break;
case 1:
while (a < b) {
int x = a;
a = b;
b = x;
}
System.out.println(a + "-" + b + "=");
int d1 = in.nextInt();
output.println(a + "-" + b + "=" + d1);
if (d1 == demo.demo2(a, b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
} else {
System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
}
break;
case 2:
System.out.println(a + "\*" + b + "=");
int d2 = in.nextInt();
output.println(a + "\*" + b + "=" + d2);
if (d2 == demo.demo3(a, b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
} else {
System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
}
break;
case 3:
while (b == 0 || a % b != 0) {
a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100);
b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100);
}
System.out.println(a + "/" + b + "=");
int d3 = in.nextInt();
output.println(a + "/" + b + "=" + d3);
if (d3 == demo.demo4(a, b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("恭喜答案正确");
} else {
System.out.println("抱歉,答案错误");
}
break;
}
}
System.out.println("你的得分为" + sum);
output.println("你的得分为" + sum);
output.close();
}
}
Test
package 异常;
public class Demo
private T a;
private T b;
public Demo() {
a = null;
b = null;
}
public Demo(T a, T b) {
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
}
public int demo1(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
public int demo2(int a, int b) {
return a - b;
}
public int demo3(int a, int b) {
return a \* b;
}
public int demo4(int a, int b) {
return a / b;
}
}
Demo
完善建议:
个人认为,为了程序的严谨性,需要在Demo类中的除法计算语句(模块)中加入“a>b,a%b==0,(a/b)%1==0”的限制条件(语句)
l 采用结对编程方式,与学习伙伴合作完成实验九编程练习1;
package shen;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main {
/**
* 1.文件读取模块 利用ArrayList构造studentlist存放文件内容2. 创建文件字符流,分类读取文件内容 3.try/catch语句捕获异常
*/
private static ArrayList
public static void main(String\[\] args) {
studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
File file = new File("C:\\\\Users\\\\ASUS\\\\Desktop\\\\新建文件夹\\\\身份证号.txt");
try {
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
String temp = null;
while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
String name = linescanner.next();
String number = linescanner.next();
String sex = linescanner.next();
String age = linescanner.next();
String province = linescanner.nextLine();
Student student = new Student();
student.setName(name);
student.setnumber(number);
student.setsex(sex);
int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
student.setage(a);
student.setprovince(province);
studentlist.add(student);
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
e.printStackTrace();
// 加入的捕获异常代码
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
e.printStackTrace();
// 加入的捕获异常代码
}
/\*
\* 1.根据实验要求,选择具体操作的模块 2.利用switch语句选择具体的操作
\*/
boolean isTrue = true;
while (isTrue) {
System.out.println("选择你的操作,输入正确格式的选项");
System.out.println("A.字典排序");
System.out.println("B.输出年龄最大和年龄最小的人");
System.out.println("C.寻找老乡");
System.out.println("D.寻找年龄相近的人");
System.out.println("F.退出");
String m = scanner.next();
switch (m) {
case "A":
Collections.sort(studentlist);
System.out.println(studentlist.toString());
break;
case "B":
int max = 0, min = 100;
int j, k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
j = studentlist.get(i).getage();
if (j > max) {
max = j;
k1 = i;
}
if (j < min) {
min = j;
k2 = i;
}
}
System.out.println("年龄最大:" + studentlist.get(k1));
System.out.println("年龄最小:" + studentlist.get(k2));
break;
case "C":
System.out.println("老家?");
String find = scanner.next();
String place = find.substring(0, 3);
for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
if (studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1, 4).equals(place))
System.out.println("老乡" + studentlist.get(i));
}
break;
case "D":
System.out.println("年龄:");
int yourage = scanner.nextInt();
int near = agenear(yourage);
int value = yourage - studentlist.get(near).getage();
System.out.println("" + studentlist.get(near));
break;
case "F":
isTrue = false;
System.out.println("退出程序!");
break;
default:
System.out.println("输入有误");
}
}
}
/\*
\* 对年龄数据进行相应的处理
\*/
public static int agenear(int age) {
int j = 0, min = 53, value = 0, k = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
value = studentlist.get(i).getage() - age;
if (value < 0)
value = -value;
if (value < min) {
min = value;
k = i;
}
}
return k;
}
}
Main
package shen;
/*
* 分类返回具体数据
*利用接口技术比较name的大小
*用toString方法返回数据
*/
public class Student implements Comparable
private String name;
private String number;
private String sex;
private int age;
private String province;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getnumber() {
return number;
}
public void setnumber(String number) {
this.number = number;
}
public String getsex() {
return sex;
}
public void setsex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public int getage() {
return age;
}
public void setage(int age) {
// int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
this.age = age;
}
public String getprovince() {
return province;
}
public void setprovince(String province) {
this.province = province;
}
public int compareTo(Student o) {
return this.name.compareTo(o.getName());
}
public String toString() {
return name + "\\t" + sex + "\\t" + age + "\\t" + number + "\\t" + province + "\\n";
}
}
Student
l 采用结对编程方式,与学习伙伴合作完成实验十编程练习2。
package demo;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/**
*文件输出模块
*1.调用构造函数counter
*2.创建文件字符流,将out中的内容设为空(null)
*3.将out结果输出到test.txt中
*4.try/catch模块捕获异常
*/
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
yunsuan counter = new yunsuan();
PrintWriter out = null;
try {
out = new PrintWriter("text.txt");
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
/**
*四则运算生成模块
*1.定义一个int型sum,计算成绩,并说明生成的运算类型
*2.for语句,将{}内的内容循环10次,从而生成10道题目
*3.随机生成int型a与b,范围在0到100以内;生成int型m,范围为1,2,3,4
*4.利用switch语句,根据生成m的值,随机生成加减乘除四则运算
*5.将循环结果输出到test.txt中
*/
int sum = 0;
System.out.println("随机生成的四则运算类型");
System.out.println("类型1:除法");
System.out.println("类型2:乘法");
System.out.println("类型3:加法");
System.out.println("类型4:减法");
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100);
int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100);
int m;
Random rand = new Random();
m = (int) rand.nextInt(4) + 1;
System.out.println("随机生成的四则运算类型:"+m);
switch (m) {
case 1:
System.out.println(i + ": " + a + "/" + b + "=");
while (b == 0) {
b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() \* 100);
}
double c0 = in.nextDouble();
out.println(a + "/" + b + "=" + c0);
if (c0 == counter.division(a, b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("right!");
} else {
System.out.println("error!");
}
break;
case 2:
System.out.println(i + ": " + a + "\*" + b + "=");
int c = in.nextInt();
out.println(a + "\*" + b + "=" + c);
if (c == counter.multiplication(a, b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("right!");
} else {
System.out.println("error!");
}
break;
case 3:
System.out.println(i + ": " + a + "+" + b + "=");
int c1 = in.nextInt();
out.println(a + "+" + b + "=" + c1);
if (c1 == counter.add(a, b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("right!");
} else {
System.out.println("error!");
}
break;
case 4:
System.out.println(i + ": " + a + "-" + b + "=");
int c2 = in.nextInt();
out.println(a + "-" + b + "=" + c2);
if (c2 == counter.reduce(a, b)) {
sum += 10;
System.out.println("right!");
} else {
System.out.println("error!");
}
break;
}
}
System.out.println("成绩" + sum);
out.println("成绩:" + sum);
out.close();
}
}
demo
package demo;
public class yunsuan {
private int a;
private int b;
public int add(int a,int b)
{
return a+b;
}
public int reduce(int a,int b)
{
return a-b;
}
public int multiplication(int a,int b)
{
return a*b;
}
public int division(int a,int b)
{
if(b!=0)
return a/b;
else
return 0;
}
}
yunsuan
运行结果:
学习总结:
集合
1.数据结构介绍
l 般将数据结构分为两大类:线性数据结构和非线性数据结构。
l 线性数据结构:线性表、栈、队列、串、数组和文件。
l 非线性数据结构:树和图。
A.线性表
单向链表
循环链表
双向循环链表
B.栈(Stack)
C.队列(Queue)
D.散列表
2.JAVA的集合框架
l JAVA的集合框架实现对各种数据结构的封装,以降低对数据管理与处理的难度。
l 所谓框架就是一个类库的集合,框架中包含很多超类,编程者创建这些超类的子类可较方便的设计设计程序所需的类。例如:Swing类包
l 集合(Collection或称为容器)是一种包含多个元素并提供对所包含元素操作方法的类,其包含的元素可以由同一类型的对象组成,也可以由不同类型的对象组成。
l 集合框架:JAVA集合类库的统一架构。
1.集合类的作用
l 集合类的作用:
– Java的集合类提供了一些基本数据结构的支持。
– 例如Vector、Hashtable、Stack等。
l 集合类的使用:
– Java的集合类包含在java.util包中。
– import java.util.*;
2.集合类的特点
l 特点一:
– 只容纳对象。
注意:数组可以容纳基本数据类型数据和对象。
– 如果集合类中想使用基本数据类型,又想利用集合类的灵活性,可以把基本数据类型数据封装成该数据类型的包装器对象,然后放入集合中处理。
l 特点二:
– 集合类容纳的对象都是Object类的实例,一旦把一个对象置入集合类中,它的类信息将丢失,这样设计的目的是为了集合类的通用性。
– 因为Object类是所有类的祖先,所以可以在这些集合中存放任何类的对象而不受限制,但切记在使用集合成员之前必须对它重新造型。
3. 新旧集合类
Vector类
Stack类
Hashtable类
集合框架中的基本接口
l Collection:集合层次中的根接口,JDK未提供这个接口的直接实现类。
l Set:不能包含重复的元素。对象可能不是按存放的次序存放,也就是说不能像数组一样按索引的方式进行访问,SortedSet是一个按照升序排列元素的Set。
l List:是一个有序的集合,可以包含重复的元素。提供了按索引访问的方式。
l Map:包含了key-value对。Map不能包含重复的key。
l SortedMap是一个按照升序排列key的Map。
个人感受:
通过一个周的学习,我参考数据结构中的知识,掌握了java中集合的概念,学习了集合的知识以及使用方法。另外,通过新的学习方式,结对编程,我们更加轻松的完成了编程任务,并与合作伙伴之间提出了积极的程序改进建议。在学习中,本人对HashMap和TreeMap仍然不是很懂,望老师能够进行回顾。
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