日常使用SqlServer的笔记

阅读原文时间：2023年07月09日阅读：3

查表大小
```
sp_spaceused 表名
```

修改表名

ALTER TABLE table RENAME TO NEW_TABLE_NAME;

修改列名

不支持

ALTER TABLE table RENAME COLUMN OLD_COLUMN_NAME TO NEW_COLUMN_NAME

支持以下两种方式

sp_rename 'change.Times','TIMES1','column'
go
-- 或者
EXEC sp_rename 'T_WeiBoHot.citme','ctime','column'
go
-- change是表名，times是原来的列名，times1是新的列名

修改列的数据类型

ALTER TABLE dbo.T_Intervene_HistoryDBRate ALTER COLUMN rate REAL;

插入/删除列

ALTER TABLE table ADD COLUMN_NAME DATATYPE;
go
ALTER TABLE table DROP COLUMN COLUMN_NAME;

分区

建分区

CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION [fq_function](tinyint) AS RANGE LEFT FOR VALUES (0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07)
GO
CREATE PARTITION SCHEME [fq_Scheme] AS PARTITION [fq_function] TO ([PRIMARY], [PRIMARY], [PRIMARY], [PRIMARY], [PRIMARY], [PRIMARY], [PRIMARY], [PRIMARY], [PRIMARY])
GO

查询某分区数据

SELECT * FROM dbo.T_monnewssource_FQTest WITH(NOLOCK) WHERE $PARTITION.fq31_function(fq_date) = 30;

查当天数据所在分区

SELECT $PARTITION.fq31_function(datediff(day,'2015-07-01',getdate())%31);

分区依据

fq_date TINYINT DEFAULT (datediff(day,'2015-01-01',getdate())%(8))
-- 分区依据字段值从0~7，分区从1~8
-- 31个分区时，只保留7个分区
DECLARE @i TINYINT = 1,@j TINYINT = 25,@str VARCHAR(100) = '';
WHILE @i < 25
BEGIN
SELECT @i = @i + 1;
SELECT @str = @str + ',' + LTRIM(@j);
IF @j = 31
BEGIN
SELECT @j = 0
END
SELECT @j = @j + 1;
END

SELECT STUFF(@str,1,1,'') AS strs;

触发器

禁用触发器：

ALTER TABLE trig_example DISABLE TRIGGER trig1

恢复触发器：

ALTER TABLE trig_example ENABLE TRIGGER trig1

禁用某个表上的所有触发器

ALTER TABLE 你的表 DISABLE TRIGGER all

启用某个表上的所有触发器

ALTER TABLE 你的表 enable TRIGGER all

禁用所有表上的所有触发器

exec sp_msforeachtable 'ALTER TABLE ? DISABLE TRIGGER all'

启用所有表上的所有触发器

exec sp_msforeachtable 'ALTER TABLE ? enable TRIGGER all'

查询作业

select a.name,b.command
from msdb.dbo.sysjobs a
inner join msdb.dbo.sysjobsteps b
on a.job_id = b.job_id
where b.command like '%P_GZ_HeavyPaste_UpOrder%';
`

查询过程

select a.name,b.text
from sys.objects a
inner join sys.syscomments b
on a.object_id = b.id
where a.type = 'P'
and b.text like '%T_SEM_PostSnap%';

查询触发器

SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE type = 'tr';

查询视图

select * from sysobjects where xtype='V';

查看进程

SELECT PRO.spid
    ,DB_NAME(PRO.dbid) AS DBName
    ,PRO.program_name
    ,waitresource
    ,PRO.loginame AS LoginName
    ,DB.name AS DatabaseName
    ,PRO.[status] as ProcessStatus
    ,PRO.cmd AS Command
    ,PRO.last_batch AS LastBatch
    ,PRO.cpu AS Cpu
    ,PRO.physical_io AS PhysicalIo
    ,PRO.hostname
    ,SES.row_count AS [RowCount]
    ,STM.[text] AS SQLStatement
FROM sys.sysprocesses AS PRO
    INNER JOIN sys.databases AS DB
        ON PRO.dbid = DB.database_id
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_sessions AS SES
        ON PRO.spid = SES.session_id
    CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(PRO.sql_handle) AS STM
WHERE PRO.spid >= 50  -- Exclude system processes
ORDER BY PRO.physical_io DESC ,PRO.cpu DESC
go

SELECT *
FROM sys.sysprocesses AS pro
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(sql_handle) AS sql
WHERE pro.spid = 135

循环执行过程

DECLARE @i INT =1
WHILE @i=1
BEGIN
EXEC @i=P_wenda_ExportQuestionDaily; --过程return 1
END

查看过程执行情况

SELECT ISNULL(DBS.name, '') AS DatabaseName
    ,OBJECT_NAME(EPS.object_id, EPS.database_id) AS ObjectName
    ,EPS.cached_time AS CachedTime
    ,EPS.last_elapsed_time AS LastElapsedTime
    ,EPS.execution_count AS ExecutionCount
    ,EPS.total_worker_time / EPS.execution_count AS AvgWorkerTime
    ,EPS.total_elapsed_time / EPS.execution_count AS AvgElapsedTime
    ,(EPS.total_logical_reads + EPS.total_logical_writes)
    / EPS.execution_count AS AvgLogicalIO
FROM sys.dm_exec_procedure_stats AS EPS
LEFT JOIN sys.databases AS DBS
    ON EPS.database_id = DBS.database_id
ORDER BY AvgWorkerTime DESC;

查看开销较大过程

SELECT  ss.SUM_execution_count ,
    t.text ,
    ss.SUM_total_elapsed_time ,
    ss.sum_total_worker_time ,
    ss.sum_total_logical_reads ,
    ss.sum_total_logical_writes
FROM    ( SELECT    S.plan_handle ,
                SUM(s.execution_count) SUM_Execution_count ,
                SUM(s.total_elapsed_time) SUM_total_elapsed_time ,
                SUM(s.total_worker_time) SUM_total_worker_time ,
                SUM(s.total_logical_reads) SUM_total_logical_reads ,
                SUM(s.total_logical_writes) SUM_total_logical_writes
        FROM      sys.dm_exec_query_stats s
        GROUP BY  S.plan_handle
    ) AS ss
    CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ss.plan_handle) t
ORDER BY sum_total_logical_reads DESC

full join

SELECT (CASE WHEN A.customerId IS NULL THEN B.customerId ELSE A.customerId END) AS customerId,
A.itemMoney AS currentNum, B.itemMoney AS frontNum
INTO #W
FROM #CA AS A
FULL JOIN (SELECT customerId, itemMoney FROM #CA WHERE customerType = 2) AS B
ON A.customerId = B.customerId
WHERE A.customerType = 1
go

SELECT (CASE WHEN W.customerId IS NULL THEN C.customerId ELSE W.customerId END) AS customerId,
W.currentNum, W.frontNum, C.itemMoney AS lastYearNum
INTO #WW
FROM #W AS W
FULL JOIN (SELECT customerId, itemMoney FROM #CA WHERE customerType = 3) AS C
ON W.customerId = C.customerId
go

cross apply

SELECT F.usergroupid, F.row, S.Element
FROM dbo.T_Cabin_FeatureWords AS F
CROSS APPLY dbo.ufn_split(row, '-') AS S
WHERE usergroupid = 21

merge

MERGE dbo.T_I8_CommentGroup AS A
USING (SELECT @e_id AS id) AS B
ON A.ug_id = B.id
WHEN MATCHED THEN
UPDATE SET ug_useflag = @ug_useflag, os_depict = @os_depict
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (ug_id, ug_useflag, os_depict, lasttime)
VALUES (@e_id, @ug_useflag, @os_depict, CONVERT(VARCHAR(10), GETDATE() - 7, 121))
go

MERGE dbo.T_I8_CommentUserGroup AS A
USING
(
SELECT @e_id AS id, B.col
FROM dbo.f_split(@ug_ids,',') AS B
WHERE B.col > ''
)AS C
ON A.e_id = C.id AND A.ug_id = CONVERT(INT, C.col)
WHEN NOT MATCHED THEN
INSERT (e_id, ug_id)
VALUES (C.id, C.col)
WHEN NOT MATCHED BY SOURCE AND A.e_id = @e_id
THEN DELETE
go

创建唯一索引并忽略重复值（已有的）

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX idx_temp_id ON dbo.temp_lxc (id) WITH(IGNORE_DUP_KEY = ON);

删除索引语句
```
DROP INDEX sy ON salary;
```
指定使用某索引

SELECT 字段名表 FROM 表名表 WITH (INDEX(索引名)) WHERE 查询条件;

建全文索引

开启全文索引

execute sp_fulltext_database 'enable';

定义全文索引目录（fulltext_bbsBoard_PostDay）

EXEC [sys].[sp_fulltext_catalog]
@ftcat = 'fulltext_bbsBoard_PostDay', -- sysname
@action = 'create', -- varchar(20)
@path = N'D:\fulltext' -- nvarchar(101)

为表[T_bbsBoard_PostDay]创建全文索引可索引列为 id

EXEC [sys].[sp_fulltext_table] @tabname = N'T_bbsBoard_PostDay', -- nvarchar(517)
@action = 'create', -- varchar(50)
@ftcat = fulltext_bbsBoard_PostDay, -- sysname
@keyname = PK__T_bbsBoa__521F78666482D9EB -- sysname

设置全文索引列名

EXEC [sys].[sp_fulltext_column] @tabname = N'T_bbsBoard_PostDay', -- nvarchar(517)
@colname = title, -- sysname
@action = 'add', -- varchar(20)
@language = 2052 -- int 2057 is the LCID for 英语 1033 :美语 2052：中文

激活索引

EXEC [sys].[sp_fulltext_table] @tabname = N'T_bbsBoard_PostDay', -- nvarchar(517)
@action = 'activate'

填充索引，首次创建完全文索引之后先完全填充索引，把数据全部放入全文索引里

ALTER FULLTEXT INDEX ON dbo.T_bbsBoard_PostDay SET CHANGE_TRACKING OFF
GO
ALTER FULLTEXT INDEX ON dbo.T_bbsBoard_PostDay START FULL POPULATION
GO

修改填充方式为自动跟踪更改，等数据有变化的时候只需要把变化的部分填充进去全文索引里

ALTER FULLTEXT INDEX ON dbo.T_bbsBoard_PostDay SET CHANGE_TRACKING AUTO
GO

使用全文索引

WHERE CONTAINS(Title,'华为 and/or 联想')

建唯一约束

ALTER TABLE T_WenDa_QuestionZFM ADD CONSTRAINT un_QuestionZFM_autoid UNIQUE(autoid);
go
ALTER TABLE dbo.T_MS_TopicBlackList ADD CONSTRAINT pk_TopicBlackList_topicid PRIMARY KEY (topic_id);

删约束

ALTER TABLE dbo.T_SEM_TriLo DROP CONSTRAINT DF__T_SEM_Tri__ji_fl__4262CC11;

为已有列添加默认值

ALTER TABLE dbo.T_SEM_ShowJsonShotSnap ADD CONSTRAINT ShowJsonShotSnap_defualt_rgNum DEFAULT(0) FOR rgNum;

显示年月日部分：
```
convert(nvarchar(10), date1, 21)
```

取得该月第一天：

DATEADD(DD, -DAY(GETDATE()) + 1, GETDATE())

取得该月最后一天：

DATEADD(DD, -DAY(GETDATE()), DATEADD(MM, 1, GETDATE()))

返回插入到标识列中的值(SCOPE_IDENTITY/IDENT_CURRENT/@@IDENTITY)

返回插入数据条数使用 @@ROWCOUNT

CREATE TABLE #A(id INT);
INSERT INTO dbo.tongxuelu
        ( t_name, t_sex, t_age )
OUTPUT INSERTED.t_id INTO #A
SELECT 'abc','女',0;

遍历

;
WITH SUB(id, fid, word, paths,layer,word_id) AS (
SELECT C.cls_id,C.cls_fid,C.cls_path_word,C.cls_path_wordstr,C.cls_layer,C.cls_path_id
FROM QADATA.dbo.T_QA_Class AS C WITH(NOLOCK) WHERE C.cls_id = 868163
UNION ALL
SELECT C.cls_id,C.cls_fid,C.cls_path_word,C.cls_path_wordstr,C.cls_layer,C.cls_path_id
FROM SUB AS S
INNER JOIN QADATA.dbo.T_QA_Class AS C WITH(NOLOCK) ON S.id = C.cls_fid
)
SELECT * FROM SUB ORDER BY layer ASC;

随机函数 NEWID()

组内排序

ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY A.Url ORDER BY A.Utime DESC) AS n

哈希排重（MD5）

SELECT CONVERT(UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,HASHBYTES('MD5','LXC'));
SELECT @titlehash = CONVERT(UNIQUEIDENTIFIER,HASHBYTES('md5', SUBSTRING( ISNULL(@title, ''),1,255)));
contenthash = CONVERT(UNIQUEIDENTIFIER , HASHBYTES('md5',LEFT(RTRIM(LTRIM(@content)),4000))

拼接字符串

SELECT t_type + ',' FROM #toolList FOR XML PATH('');
go

CREATE TABLE #words(id INT,word NVARCHAR(8));
INSERT INTO #words( id,word )
SELECT 1,'过去'
UNION
SELECT 1,'现在'
UNION
SELECT 1,'将来'
UNION
SELECT 2,'过去2'
UNION
SELECT 3,'现在3'
UNION
SELECT 2,'将来2'

SELECT * FROM #words;

DECLARE @a NVARCHAR(max);

SELECT @a = STUFF((SELECT '|' + word FROM #words FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'');
SELECT @a;
go

SELECT B.id,STUFF((SELECT '|' + word FROM #words AS A WHERE A.id = B.id FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'')
FROM #words AS B
GROUP BY B.id

DROP TABLE #words;

CREATE TABLE #temp(id INT);

INSERT INTO #temp
        ( id )
SELECT 1
UNION
SELECT 2
UNION
SELECT 3;

SELECT STUFF((SELECT ',' + LTRIM(id) FROM #temp FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,'');
DROP TABLE #temp;

平均分配（个数/时间）

CREATE TABLE #temp(id INT,iname VARCHAR(10));
INSERT INTO #temp( id, iname )
SELECT 1,'a'
UNION
SELECT 2,'b'
UNION
SELECT 3,'c'

SELECT * FROM #temp;

SELECT * FROM #temp AS t,dbo.Nums AS n WHERE n.n <= CEILING(10*1.0/3);

DECLARE @endTime DATETIME = GETDATE() + 1;
SELECT *,DATEADD(MINUTE,(id-1) * DATEDIFF(MINUTE,GETDATE(),@endTime) / 4,GETDATE())
FROM #temp

计算某词在串中出现个数

DECLARE @str VARCHAR(100)= 'a,b,c,d'
SELECT @str
SELECT LEN(@str) - LEN(REPLACE(@str, 'a', ''))

构造日期表

SELECT CAST(GETDATE()-number AS DATE) AS time
FROM master..spt_values WHERE type='P'
AND number<30

构造递增表

SELECT number FROM master..spt_values WHERE type = 'P' AND number < 24

判断字符串是否是纯数字或字母

-- 纯数字：
ISNUMERIC(title) = 1
-- 纯数字：
PATINDEX('%[^0-9]%','12324') = 0
-- 纯英文：
PATINDEX('%[^a-z]%','abc') = 0
--- 不含汉字和字母：
PATINDEX('%[吖-咗a-zA-Z]%',Title) = 0
-- 不含汉字：
PATINDEX('%[吖-咗]%',title) = 0

正则表达式

获取字符串中的英文字符

declare @str varchar(100)
set @str='xyz123z5'
select dbo.regexReplace(@str,'[^a-zA-Z]','',1,1)

获取字符串中的英文字符长度

declare @str varchar(100)
set @str='xyz123z5'
select len(dbo.regexReplace(@str,'[^a-zA-Z]','',1,1))

语句块例子：

create function dbo.regexReplace
(
@source varchar(5000), --原字符串
@regexp varchar(1000), --正则表达式
@replace varchar(1000), --替换值
@globalReplace bit = 0, --是否是全局替换
@ignoreCase bit = 0 --是否忽略大小写
)
returnS varchar(1000) AS
begin
declare @hr integer
declare @objRegExp integer
declare @result varchar(5000)

exec @hr = sp_OACreate 'VBScript.RegExp', @objRegExp OUTPUT
IF @hr <> 0 begin
exec @hr = sp_OADestroy @objRegExp
return null
end
exec @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegExp, 'Pattern', @regexp
IF @hr <> 0 begin
exec @hr = sp_OADestroy @objRegExp
return null
end
exec @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegExp, 'Global', @globalReplace
IF @hr <> 0 begin
exec @hr = sp_OADestroy @objRegExp
return null
end
exec @hr = sp_OASetProperty @objRegExp, 'IgnoreCase', @ignoreCase
IF @hr <> 0 begin
exec @hr = sp_OADestroy @objRegExp
return null
end
exec @hr = sp_OAMethod @objRegExp, 'Replace', @result OUTPUT, @source, @replace
IF @hr <> 0 begin
exec @hr = sp_OADestroy @objRegExp
return null
end
exec @hr = sp_OADestroy @objRegExp
IF @hr <> 0 begin
return null
end

return @result
end
GO

创建数据库

create database stuDB
on  primary  -- 默认就属于primary文件组,可省略
(
/*--数据文件的具体描述--*/
    name='stuDB_data',  -- 主数据文件的逻辑名称
    filename='D:\stuDB_data.mdf', -- 主数据文件的物理名称
    size=5mb, --主数据文件的初始大小
    maxsize=100mb, -- 主数据文件增长的最大值，不限制的话可用“unlimited”
    filegrowth=15%--主数据文件的增长率，也可指定大小
)
log on
(
/*--日志文件的具体描述,各参数含义同上--*/
    name='stuDB_log',
    filename='D:\stuDB_log.ldf',
    size=2mb,
    filegrowth=1mb --也可用增长率
)

一个数据库中，只可以有一个主数据文件（扩展名： .mdf），多个次数据文件(扩展名： .ndf)，多个日志文件(扩展名： .Ldf)；

多文件及文件组示例：

CREATE DATABASE Sales
ON PRIMARY
( NAME = SPri1_dat,
    FILENAME = 'D:\SalesData\SPri1dat.mdf',
    SIZE = 10,
    MAXSIZE = 50,
    FILEGROWTH = 15% ),
( NAME = SPri2_dat,
    FILENAME = 'D:\SalesData\SPri2dt.ndf',
    SIZE = 10,
    MAXSIZE = 50,
    FILEGROWTH = 15% ),
FILEGROUP SalesGroup1
( NAME = SGrp1Fi1_dat,
    FILENAME = 'D:\SalesData\SG1Fi1dt.ndf',
    SIZE = 10,
    MAXSIZE = 50,
    FILEGROWTH = 5 ),
( NAME = SGrp1Fi2_dat,
    FILENAME = 'D:\SalesData\SG1Fi2dt.ndf',
    SIZE = 10,
    MAXSIZE = 50,
    FILEGROWTH = 5 ),
FILEGROUP SalesGroup2
( NAME = SGrp2Fi1_dat,
    FILENAME = 'D:\SalesData\SG2Fi1dt.ndf',
    SIZE = 10,
    MAXSIZE = 50,
    FILEGROWTH = 5 ),
( NAME = SGrp2Fi2_dat,
    FILENAME = 'D:\SalesData\SG2Fi2dt.ndf',
    SIZE = 10,
    MAXSIZE = 50,
    FILEGROWTH = 5 )
LOG ON
( NAME = Sales_log,
    FILENAME = 'E:\SalesLog\salelog.ldf',
    SIZE = 5MB,
    MAXSIZE = 25MB,
    FILEGROWTH = 5MB ) ;
GO

关闭/开启 Transact-SQL 语句或存储过程影响的行计数的消息
```
SET NOCOUNT ON
go
SET NOCOUNT OFF
go
SET NOCOUNT ON
```
符号

回车符：char(13)

换行符：char(10)

制表符： CHAR(9)
开启/关闭自增列

显示值插入(修改会话中的IDENTITY_INSERT ),临时性 ,不彻底改表列性质
```
SET IDENTITY_INSERT [ database_name . [ schema_name ] . ] table { ON | OFF }
```
查服务器名
```
SELECT @@SERVERNAME;
```

页面无法执行过程时，环境设置

SET ANSI_WARNINGS ON;
SET ANSI_PADDING ON;
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL ON;

锁

查死锁

select   request_session_id   spid,OBJECT_NAME(resource_associated_entity_id) tableName
from   sys.dm_tran_locks where resource_type='OBJECT'
AND OBJECT_NAME(resource_associated_entity_id) = 'MonNews_floors_ContentText';

select   request_session_id   spid,OBJECT_NAME(resource_associated_entity_id) tableName
from   sys.dm_tran_locks where resource_type='OBJECT';

select top 100* from master..sysprocesses a cross apply sys.dm_exec_sql_text(a.sql_handle) b
where a.spid>50 AND b.text LIKE '%T_bbsBoard_PostDay%' order by hostname;

select   request_session_id spid,OBJECT_NAME(resource_associated_entity_id) tableName
from sys.dm_tran_locks
where resource_type='OBJECT;

解锁

declare @spid  int
Set @spid  = 57 --锁表进程
declare @sql varchar(1000)
set @sql='kill '+cast(@spid  as varchar)
exec(@sql)

检索死锁进程

select spid, blocked, loginame, last_batch, status, cmd, hostname, program_name
from sysprocesses
where spid in
(select blocked from sysprocesses where blocked <> 0 ) or (blocked <>0)

表A数据量很大,现需要保留表A的少量数据

删除A耗时长而且会增加数据库负载，可以考虑更换表名的方法达到目的

假设表A有自增id

1).新建与表 A 结构相同的表 B；

2).停止表 A 的作业修改过程让表A数据不再变化；

3).将表 A 要保留数据指定相同自增id 插入表 B；
```
SET IDENTITY_INSERT B ON
INSERT B
SELECT ... FROM A WHERE ...
SET IDENTITY_INSERT B OFF
```
4).指定表 B 自增id；

查询表 A 自增id当前值DBCC CHECKIDENT (A)；

指定表 B 为与表 A 一样的新值DBCC CHECKIDENT (B, RESEED, value)；

5).重命名的方式到达备份删除目的；
```
EXEC sp_rename A,A1
EXEC sp_rename B,A
```
查询相邻两条记录间的数据增加或减少值

通过查询原来的数据库，建立两个临时表。临时表中添加一个字段作为顺序标签。

第一个临时表中顺序标签是0开始，第二个临时表从1开始。然后两个表直接通过顺序标签这一列进行内联，这样不就能直接计算增量值了啊。在查询的时候还能直接把其他相关的时间等信息都带出来。

注意，这样是让两个表格对应错位，以便求增量，所以两个临时表中都有一行在内联中丢失掉。

手机扫一扫

移动阅读更方便

你可能感兴趣的文章

Oracle-复制表结构存在的问题

oracle-组合索引字段位置与查询效率之间的关系

vue3 + mark.js | 实现文字标注功能

提高 Web 开发效率的10个VS Code扩展插件，你知道吗？

yum&二进制安装PostgreSQL 12

程序员：你如何写可重复执行的SQL语句？

ClickHouse数据表迁移实战之-remote方式

ETL之apache hop系列4-hop开发数据增量同步功能

《Kali渗透基础》05. 主动信息收集（二）

《SQL与数据库基础》06. 函数