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阿里云+django实战记录
阅读原文时间：2024年10月04日阅读：1

2013年7月13日10:36:53：接上篇，bae部署django没成功，转战阿里云。。

阿里云服务器最便宜69/月，现在有个活动，新用户送20元现金券，我就花了RMB 49买了一个，操作系统选的是ubuntu1204安全加强版。

1.putty登陆远程主机

putty下载地址：http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/latest/x86/putty.zip，解压后直接运行putty.exe即可。

2.Xftp与远程主机传文件

Xftp下载地址http://www.onlinedown.net/soft/143.htm

以上两步看aliyun的帮助文档即可，easy，http://help.aliyun.com/manual?spm=0.0.0.0.ZERNiU&helpId=1846

3.安装apache+mysql+python+django

管理mysql就用phpmyadmin了，这样就得再装个php，命令如下

apt-get install apache2 php5 libapache2-mod-php5 mysql-server libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php5-mysql phpmyadmin

期间要求输mysql root用户密码和phpmyadmin的登陆密码

python系统自带了。需要装python-mysqldb

apt-get install python-mysqldb

安装一个mod_wsgi，此物就是将Python应用部署到Apache上的。

apt-get install libapache2-mod-wsgi

链接phpmyadmin

ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/phpmyadmin

python ubuntu已经自带了，需要安装一个python-mysqldb

apt-get install python-mysqldb

django从官网下载，我当前下载的版本是1.5.1，然后按照官网的说明安装。

重启Apache2的命令：

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

4.启动一个django站点

切换到/srv目录下，启动一个django站点

django-admin.py startproject mysite

5. 下面是配置apache了

django官方有一篇如何配置的文档，mod_wsgi官网也有如何配置的文档。主要一点mod_wsgi有两种工作模式，嵌入到Apache和作为线程的守护模式。官方推荐用守护模式，守护模式没研究，嵌入模式最简单，先用嵌入模式。

编辑Apache的配置文件

gedit /etc/apache2/sites-available/default


ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

DocumentRoot /var/www  
<Directory />  
    Options FollowSymLinks  
    AllowOverride None  
</Directory>  
<Directory /var/www/>  
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews  
    AllowOverride None  
    Order allow,deny  
    allow from all  
</Directory>

WSGIScriptAlias /app/ /srv/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py  
<Directory /srv/mysite/mysite>  
    <Files wsgi.py>  
    Order deny,allow  
    Allow from all  
    </Files>  
</Directory>

ErrorLog ${APACHE\_LOG\_DIR}/error.log

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,  
# alert, emerg.  
LogLevel warn

CustomLog ${APACHE\_LOG\_DIR}/access.log combined

Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"  
<Directory "/usr/share/doc/">  
    Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks  
    AllowOverride None  
    Order deny,allow  
    Deny from all  
    Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128  
</Directory>

重点就是在原来文件的基础上增加了

WSGIScriptAlias /app/ /srv/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py
Order deny,allow Allow from all

还有编辑/etc/apache2/httpd.conf文件，增加下面这行

WSGIPythonPath /srv/mysite

然后重启apache服务就OK了！

此时通过浏览器访问你的云服务器主机地址xx:xx:xx:xx/app/，就可一看到django默认页面了！

6.连接数据库

编辑mysite/settings.py，修改DATABASES一项

DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
'NAME': 'db_name', # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
'USER': 'root', # Not used with sqlite3.
'PASSWORD': 'your_mysql_passwd', # Not used with sqlite3.
'HOST': '', # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
'PORT': '', # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
}
}

django默认安装的应用有：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
#'django.contrib.admin',
# Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
)

运行下面的命令，同步数据库，为默认安装的应用创建table：

python manage.py syncdb

7.创建一个app+模型

输入下面的命令，创建一个叫polls的应用

python manage.py startapp polls

接下来创建模型（models），按照django官网教程的例子，编辑polls/models.py

from django.db import models

class Poll(models.Model):
question = models.CharField(max_length=200)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
def __unicode__(self):
return self.question
class Choice(models.Model): poll = models.ForeignKey(Poll)
choice = models.CharField(max_length=200)
votes = models.IntegerField()
def __unicode__(self):
return self.choice

这里的意思创建了两个模型：Poll、Choice。__unicode__方法是定义模型默认显示的内容。

激活模型，编辑mysite/settings.py中INSTALLED_APP，如下：

INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
# 'django.contrib.admin',
# Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
'polls',
)

同步一下数据库

python manage.py syncdb

可以在shell下输入一些python语句，为模型创建内容。进入shell环境的命令为：

python manage.py shell

例如：

>>> from polls.models import Poll, Choice # Import the model classes we just wrote.

No polls are in the system yet.

Poll.objects.all()
[]

Create a new Poll.

from django.utils import timezone
p = Poll(question="What's new?", pub_date=timezone.now())

Save the object into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.

p.save()

Now it has an ID. Note that this might say "1L" instead of "1", depending

on which database you're using. That's no biggie; it just means your

database backend prefers to return integers as Python long integer

objects.

p.id
1

8.配置url+创建视图

编辑mysite/urls.py

urlpatterns = patterns('',
# Examples:
# url(r'^$', 'simple.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^simple/', include('simple.foo.urls')),
url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),

# Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:  
# url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:  
# url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),

)

编辑polls/urls.py （此文件不存在，新建一个）

from django.conf.urls import patterns, url

from polls import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
url(r'^$', views.index, name='home'),
url(r'^show/$', views.show_all, name='show'),
)

创建views.index视图，编辑polls/views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse

def index(request):
return HttpResponse("Hello, world. You're at the poll index.")

此时访问主机名xx:xx:xx:xx/app/polls 就可以看到hello world视图了！

9.开启admin应用

首先编辑settings.py，打开admin应用

INSTALLED_APPS = (
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
'django.contrib.admin',
# Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
'polls',
)

同步下数据库

python manage.py syncdb

编辑mysite/urls.py，打开admin的视图

from django.conf.urls import patterns, include, url

Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:

from django.contrib import admin
admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
# Examples:
# url(r'^$', 'simple.views.home', name='home'),
# url(r'^simple/', include('simple.foo.urls')),
url(r'^$', 'polls.views.index'),
url(r'^polls/', include('polls.urls')),

# Uncomment the admin/doc line below to enable admin documentation:  
# url(r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

# Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:  
url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),

)

设置admin的静态文件。首先编辑apache2的配置文件，让apache提供静态文件的服务。编辑完之后，需要重启apache。


ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost

DocumentRoot /var/www  
<Directory />  
    Options FollowSymLinks  
    AllowOverride None  
</Directory>  
<Directory /var/www/>  
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews  
    AllowOverride None  
    Order allow,deny  
    allow from all  
</Directory>

AliasMatch ^/(\[^/\]\*\\.css) /srv/mysite/static/styles/$1

Alias /media/ /srv/mysite/media/  
Alias /static/ /srv/mysite/static/

<Directory /srv/mysite/static>  
    Order deny,allow  
    Allow from all  
</Directory>

<Directory /srv/mysite/media>  
    Order deny,allow  
    Allow from all  
</Directory>

WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py  
<Directory /srv/mysite/mysite/>  
    <Files wsgi.py>  
    Order deny,allow  
    Allow from all  
    </Files>  
</Directory>

ErrorLog ${APACHE\_LOG\_DIR}/error.log

# Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,  
# alert, emerg.  
LogLevel warn

CustomLog ${APACHE\_LOG\_DIR}/access.log combined

Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/"  
<Directory "/usr/share/doc/">  
    Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks  
    AllowOverride None  
    Order deny,allow  
    Deny from all  
    Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128  
</Directory>

在/srv/mysite/下新建一个static和media文件夹，将django/contrib/admin/static/admin这个文件夹复制到/srv/mysite/static/下。

在浏览器试一下，xx:xx:xx:xx/admin，此时有admin界面了。

注：这里有个建议，删掉polls/urls.py，将链接分发统一放到mysite/urls.py这一个文件中去。原因是，过程中遇到一些莫名的问题，放在一个文件中就OK，此问题遗留。

下面把我们刚才创建的模型注册到admin中去，（admin的作用无需解释，走一遍django tutorial就了解了）。

在polls/下新建一个admin.py，编辑其内容如下即可：

from django.contrib import admin
from polls.models import Poll

admin.site.register(Poll)

至此，本文结束，阿里云+django搭建完毕，剩下的是django的开发工作了。

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