V2AS问路
Apache Doris Oracle ODBC外表使用指南
阅读原文时间：2023年07月10日阅读：2

1.软件环境

  1. 操作系统：ubuntu 18.04
  2. Apache Doris ：0.15
  3. Postgresql数据库：oracle 19c
  4. UnixODBC：2.3.4
  5. Oracle ODBC ：instantclient-odbc-linux.x64-19.13.0.0.0dbru

因为是测试没有Oracle的环境，由于安装比较繁琐耗时，所以通过Docker进行快速安装部署

2.1 制作镜像

安装方法是通过官方dockerfile自己编译镜像安装，

root@iZbp1cq4g9n8chsy7hcafhZ:~# git clone https://github.com/oracle/docker-images.git
Cloning into 'docker-images'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 77, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (77/77), done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (52/52), done.
remote: Total 9878 (delta 25), reused 55 (delta 23), pack-reused 9801
Receiving objects: 100% (9878/9878), 10.20 MiB | 2.47 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (5686/5686), done.
root@iZbp1cq4g9n8chsy7hcafhZ:~# cd docker-images/OracleDatabase/SingleInstance/dockerfiles/
root@iZbp1cq4g9n8chsy7hcafhZ:~/docker-images/OracleDatabase/SingleInstance/dockerfiles# ll
total 44
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Jan  1 11:51 ./
drwxr-xr-x 7 root root 4096 Jan  1 11:51 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  1 11:51 11.2.0.2/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  1 11:51 12.1.0.2/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  1 11:51 12.2.0.1/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  1 11:51 18.3.0/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  1 11:51 18.4.0/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  1 12:04 19.3.0/
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  1 11:51 21.3.0/
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7091 Jan  1 11:51 buildContainerImage.sh*  ---制作镜像的命令

目前支持以上几个版本的docker安装。

我们这里要制作安装的是19.3.0这个版本

root@iZbp1cq4g9n8chsy7hcafhZ:~/docker-images/OracleDatabase/SingleInstance/dockerfiles/19.3.0# ll
total 2988092
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root       4096 Jan  1 12:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 9 root root       4096 Jan  1 11:51 ../
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root       1044 Jan  1 11:51 checkDBStatus.sh*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root        904 Jan  1 11:51 checkSpace.sh*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root         63 Jan  1 11:51 Checksum.ee
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root         63 Jan  1 11:51 Checksum.se2
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root       7634 Jan  1 11:51 createDB.sh*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       9204 Jan  1 11:51 dbca.rsp.tmpl
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       6878 Jan  1 11:51 db_inst.rsp
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       4398 Jan  1 11:51 Dockerfile
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root       2712 Jan  1 11:51 installDBBinaries.sh*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3059705302 Apr 24  2019 LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip   ---oracle安装介质文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       2008 Jan  1 11:51 relinkOracleBinary.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root       7743 Jan  1 11:51 runOracle.sh*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root       1021 Jan  1 11:51 runUserScripts.sh*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root        795 Jan  1 11:51 setPassword.sh*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root       1057 Jan  1 11:51 setupLinuxEnv.sh*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root        679 Jan  1 11:51 startDB.sh*
root@iZbp1cq4g9n8chsy7hcafhZ:~/docker-images/OracleDatabase/SingleInstance/dockerfiles/19.3.0# cat Dockerfile|grep INSTALL_FILE_1
    INSTALL_FILE_1="LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip" \   ---这里我们可以看到Oracle的安装介质文件名
COPY --chown=oracle:dba $INSTALL_FILE_1 $INSTALL_RSP $INSTALL_DB_BINARIES_FILE $INSTALL_DIR/

我们需要下载Oracle的安装介质文件

下载地址：https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle19c-linux-downloads.html#license-lightbox

这里需要登录,下载完成之后将zip包放到这个目录下，然后执行下面命令：

./buildDockerImage.sh -v 19.3.0 -e

e表示企业版

Successfully built 701b50f5832a
Successfully tagged oracle/database:19.3.0-ee
​
​
  Oracle Database Docker Image for 'ee' version 19.3.0 is ready to be extended: 

    --> oracle/database:19.3.0-ee
​
  Build completed in 2624 seconds.

当出现上面的提示，就表示镜像制作完成了，剩下就是利用该镜像启动容器即可。

2.2 启动容器，安装数据库

注意:oracle 企业版的docker run的命令格式如下（XE版的都有所区别）：

root@iZbp1cq4g9n8chsy7hcafhZ:~# docker run --name oracle-19c \
-p 1521:1521 -p 5500:5500 \
-e ORACLE_SID=lei \  ---这里是你安装数据的时候创建的数据库SID
-e ORACLE_PDB=leipdb \
-e ORACLE_PWD=Oracle \
-v /oracle/oradata:/opt/oracle/oradata \
oracle/database:19.3.0-ee
​

注意：/oracle/oradata目录权限一定要正确，在容器中oracle用户的uid是54321，所以要保证容器内的oracle用户有权限读写该目录。

注:如果"DATABASE IS READY TO USE!"提示信息，表示数据库已成功安装了。

2.3 验证Oracle安装

登陆主机或数据库进行操作

root@iZbp1cq4g9n8chsy7hcafhZ:~# docker exec -it oracle-19c /bin/bash
[oracle@fa7ee1d287ee ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=LEI
[oracle@fa7ee1d287ee ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
​
SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Jan 2 02:28:55 2022
Version 19.3.0.0.0
​
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
​
​
Connected to:
Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 19.3.0.0.0
​
SQL> show pdbs;
​
    CON_ID CON_NAME       OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED
---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------
   2 PDB$SEED       READ ONLY  NO
   3 LEIPDB       READ WRITE NO
SQL>

至此就完成了docker安装Oracle 19c！

然后我们就可以创建数据库、创建表、导入数据进行测试

我们首先创建一个表空间，然后创建用户挂在到这个表空间下

---创建表空间
create tablespace demo1 datafile '/opt/oracle/oradata/demo1.dbf' size 200M;
---创建用户并给用户设置默认的表空间
create user C##dbuser identified by "zhangfeng" default tablespace demo1;
---给用户授权
grant connect,resource,dba to C##dbuser;
grant create session to C##dbuser;

然后我们可以使用Navicat或者SQLPlus等其他客户端使用刚才创建的用户连接Oracle，去创建表，导入数据

下面是我测试的建表语句及插入的示例数据

CREATE TABLE persons(
    person_id NUMBER GENERATED BY DEFAULT AS IDENTITY,
    first_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
    last_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY(person_id)
);
​
INSERT INTO "C##DBUSER"."PERSONS" VALUES ('1', 'zhang', 'feng');
INSERT INTO "C##DBUSER"."PERSONS" VALUES ('2', '张峰', '峰');
INSERT INTO "C##DBUSER"."PERSONS" VALUES ('3', 'zhangfeng', '峰值');

首先我们安装unixODBC驱动、这里直接给出驱动的下载地址及安装命令

sudo wget ftp://ftp.unixodbc.org/pub/unixODBC/unixODBC-2.3.4.tar.gz
tar -xvzf unixODBC-2.3.4.tar.gz
cd unixODBC-2.3.4/
sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/unixODBC-2.3.7 --includedir=/usr/include --libdir=/usr/lib -bindir=/usr/bin --sysconfdir=/etc
make
sudo make install
​
​

安装成功后，unixODBC所需的头文件都被安装到了/usr/inlucde下，编译好的库文件安装到了/usr/lib下，与unixODBC相关的可执行文件安装到了/usr/bin下，配置文件放到了/etc下。

验证安装是否成功

# odbcinst -j
unixODBC 2.3.4
DRIVERS............: /etc/odbcinst.ini
SYSTEM DATA SOURCES: /etc/odbc.ini
FILE DATA SOURCES..: /etc/ODBCDataSources
USER DATA SOURCES..: /root/.odbc.ini
SQLULEN Size.......: 8
SQLLEN Size........: 8
SQLSETPOSIROW Size.: 8

4.1 安装驱动

我们需要下载下面这几个安装包：

oracle-instantclient19.13-basic-19.13.0.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient19.13-devel-19.13.0.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient19.13-odbc-19.13.0.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm
oracle-instantclient19.13-sqlplus-19.13.0.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm

下面是下载地址：

https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/linux/instantclient/1913000/oracle-instantclient19.13-sqlplus-19.13.0.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm

https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/linux/instantclient/1913000/oracle-instantclient19.13-devel-19.13.0.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm

https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/linux/instantclient/1913000/oracle-instantclient19.13-odbc-19.13.0.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm

https://download.oracle.com/otn_software/linux/instantclient/1913000/oracle-instantclient19.13-basic-19.13.0.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm

为了在ubuntu下可以进行安装rpm包，我们还需要安装一个alien，这是一个可以将rpm包转换成deb安装包的工具

sudo apt-get install alien

然后执行安装上面四个包

sudo alien -i  oracle-instantclient19.13-basic-19.13.0.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm
sudo alien -i  oracle-instantclient19.13-devel-19.13.0.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm
sudo alien -i  oracle-instantclient19.13-odbc-19.13.0.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm
sudo alien -i  oracle-instantclient19.13-sqlplus-19.13.0.0.0-2.x86_64.rpm

验证我们安装的ODBC驱动动态链接库是否正确

root@iZbp1cq4g9n8chsy7hcafhZ:~/doris/be/conf# ldd /usr/lib/oracle/19.13/client64/lib/libsqora.so.19.1
  linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffefef27000)
  libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f43e80b0000)
  libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f43e7f61000)
  libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f43e7f3e000)
  libnsl.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libnsl.so.1 (0x00007f43e7f21000)
  librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007f43e7f16000)
  libaio.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libaio.so.1 (0x00007f43e7f11000)
  libresolv.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007f43e7ef3000)
  libclntsh.so.19.1 => /usr/lib/oracle/19.13/client64/lib/libclntsh.so.19.1 (0x00007f43e3d6f000)
  libclntshcore.so.19.1 => /usr/lib/oracle/19.13/client64/lib/libclntshcore.so.19.1 (0x00007f43e37cb000)
  libodbcinst.so.2 => /usr/local/lib/libodbcinst.so.2 (0x00007f43e37b3000)
  libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f43e35c1000)
  /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f43e8379000)
  libnnz19.so => /usr/lib/oracle/19.13/client64/lib/libnnz19.so (0x00007f43e2f4a000)
  libltdl.so.7 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libltdl.so.7 (0x00007f43e2f3d000)

4.2 配置环境变量

sudo vi ~/.bashrc

加入下面的内容

export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/19.13/client64
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export ORACLE_SID=LEI
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

4.3 配置tnsnames.ora文件

cd /usr/lib/oracle/19.13/client64
mkdir -p network/admin
vi tnsnames.ora

加入下面的内容（注意修改成自己的，这里是示例）

demo =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.16.192.81)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      ( SERVICE_NAME = LEI)
    )
  )

注意

  1. 将HOST、PORT换成你自己的
  2. SERVICE_NAME :这个是我们启动Oracle docker的时候设置的ORACLE_SID

4.4 配置odbcinst.ini

这里使用RPM包安装的额ODBC驱动动态链接库在 /usr/lib/oracle/19.13/client64/lib/目录下

root@iZbp1cq4g9n8chsy7hcafhZ:~/instantclient_21_4# ll /usr/lib/oracle/19.13/client64/lib/
total 236232
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root      4096 Jan  2 11:04 ./
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root      4096 Jan  1 19:47 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root       342 Nov 27 02:41 glogin.sql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        21 Jan  1 19:43 libclntshcore.so -> libclntshcore.so.19.1*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   8057664 Nov 27 02:39 libclntshcore.so.19.1*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        17 Jan  1 19:43 libclntsh.so -> libclntsh.so.19.1*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        17 Jan  1 19:43 libclntsh.so.10.1 -> libclntsh.so.19.1*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        17 Jan  1 19:43 libclntsh.so.11.1 -> libclntsh.so.19.1*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        17 Jan  1 19:43 libclntsh.so.12.1 -> libclntsh.so.19.1*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root        17 Jan  1 19:43 libclntsh.so.18.1 -> libclntsh.so.19.1*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  81679160 Nov 27 02:39 libclntsh.so.19.1*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   3642520 Nov 27 02:39 libipc1.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    478728 Nov 27 02:39 libmql1.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   5831752 Nov 27 02:39 libnnz19.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   2342024 Nov 27 02:39 libocci.so.19.1*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 130543568 Nov 27 02:39 libociei.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    153464 Nov 27 02:39 libocijdbc19.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root    116376 Nov 27 02:39 liboramysql19.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   1660776 Nov 27 02:41 libsqlplusic.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   1572432 Nov 27 02:41 libsqlplus.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root   1070192 Nov 27 02:41 libsqora.so.19.1* ---这里是要使用的ODBC动态链接库
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root      4096 Jan  1 19:43 network/
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   4355723 Nov 27 02:39 ojdbc8.jar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    313026 Nov 27 02:41 ottclasses.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root     37519 Nov 27 02:39 xstreams.jar

编辑/etc/odbcinst.ini，在最后加上下面的内容

[Oracle 19 ODBC driver]
Description     = Oracle ODBC driver for Oracle 19
Driver          = /usr/lib/oracle/19.13/client64/lib/libsqora.so.19.1
Setup           =
FileUsage       =
CPTimeout       =
CPReuse         =

配置odbc.ini，在最后加上下面的内容

[oracle]
Driver = Oracle 19 ODBC driver ---这里的名称是上面odbcinst.ini里oracle部分用[]括起来的内容
ServerName =172.16.192.81:1521/LEI --这里是你的oracle数据ip地址，端口及SID
UserID = C##dbuser  --这里是我们上面创建的用户名
Password = zhangfeng   --密码

验证ODBC

isql oracle
+---------------------------------------+
| Connected!                            |
|                                       |
| sql-statement                         |
| help [tablename]                      |
| quit                                  |
|                                       |
+---------------------------------------+

显示一切正常

5.1 修改配置

修改BE节点conf/odbcinst.ini文件,加入刚才/etc/odbcinst.ini添加的一样内容，并删除原先的Oracle配置,加上你刚才安装的，如下：

[Oracle 19 ODBC driver]
Description     = Oracle ODBC driver for Oracle 19
Driver          = /usr/lib/oracle/19.13/client64/lib/libsqora.so.19.1

5.2 验证

创建oracle的ODBC Resource

 CREATE EXTERNAL RESOURCE `oracle_19`
 PROPERTIES (
    "host" = "172.16.192.81",
    "port" = "1521",
    "user" = "C##dbuser",
    "password" = "zhangfeng",
    "database" = "LEI", --这里是你的数据库示例名称，也就是我们在docker启动时的ORACLE_SID
    "driver" = "Oracle 19 ODBC driver",   ---这里的名称一定和你在be odbcinst.ini里的oracle部分的[]里的内容一样，重要
    "odbc_type" = "oracle",
    "type" = "odbc_catalog"
 );

创建ODBC外表

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE `oracle_odbc` (
    person_id int,
    first_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    last_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
) ENGINE=ODBC
COMMENT "ODBC"
PROPERTIES (
  "odbc_catalog_resource" = "oracle_19",
  "database" = "LEI",
  "table" = "persons"
);

下面我们看执行结果

mysql>  CREATE EXTERNAL RESOURCE `oracle_19`
    ->  PROPERTIES (
    ->  "host" = "172.16.192.81",
    ->  "port" = "1521",
    ->  "user" = "C##dbuser",
    ->  "password" = "zhangfeng",
    ->  "database" = "LEI",
    ->  "driver" = "Oracle 19 ODBC driver",
    ->  "odbc_type" = "oracle",
    ->  "type" = "odbc_catalog"
    ->  );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
​
mysql>
mysql>  CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE `oracle_odbc` (
    ->     person_id int,
    ->     first_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    ->     last_name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL
    -> ) ENGINE=ODBC
    -> COMMENT "ODBC"
    -> PROPERTIES (
    -> "odbc_catalog_resource" = "oracle_19",
    -> "database" = "LEI",
    -> "table" = "persons"
    -> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
​
mysql> select * from oracle_odbc;
+-----------+------------+-----------+
| person_id | first_name | last_name |
+-----------+------------+-----------+
|         1 | zhang      | feng      |
|         2 | 张峰       | 峰        |
|         3 | zhangfeng  | 峰值      |
+-----------+------------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.06 sec)

OK一切正常，正常情况下，Oracle ODBC驱动只要你的数据库版本和你的ODBC驱动版本（大版本号对上就行）一致，就基本不会出问题。

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