测试工具Wiremock介绍
阅读原文时间:2023年07月08日阅读:1

WireMock是一个开源的测试工具,支持HTTP响应存根、请求验证、代理/拦截、记录和回放。最直接的用法:

  • 为Web/移动应用构建Mock Service
  • 快速创建Web API原型
  • 模拟Web Service中错误返回
  • 录制HTTP请求和回放

一般开发项目都会把前端组和Service组分开,当进度不一致时,可以根据接口构建Mock Service对和模拟不同输入/数据/场景,这样不至于影响两组的开发进度。构建Mock Service方法很多,node.js大概五句代码,另一测试工具soapUI也可做到,同时还可以对Service进行功能/性能测试,功能齐全。Wiremock好在轻便,一个jar包基本够用了,当然,也可以把它引用写进测试代码里。

官网地址:http://wiremock.org/

Jar下载:http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/github/tomakehurst/wiremock/1.57/wiremock-1.57-standalone.jar

Mock Service

下载后,在命令行中运行:(需要java JDK环境)

java -jar wiremock-1.57-standalone.jar –port 9999 --verbose

(不指定端口默认为8080; 开启日志:--verbose。更多参数,请至:http://wiremock.org/running-standalone.html。 把命令放在bat文件中比较方便)

启动后在同目录下生成两个空的文件夹:__files和mappings。__files是放上传/下载/录制文件用的,mappings放你想要的Service返回数据和Url mapping.

在mappings文件夹下随便创建一个*.json文件:

(注意,添加修改mapping文件后,都需要重启服务才能生效)

{
"request": {
"method": "GET",
"url": "/api/mytest"
},
"response": {
"status": 200,
"body": "More content\n"
}
}

在Fiddler/浏览器/curl命令调用: http://localhost:9999/api/mytest

这是一个HTTP GET的例子,还可以在response中自定义返回的头headers:

"response": {

        "status": 200,  
        "body": "Hello world!",  
        **"headers": {  
                "Content-Type": "text/plain"** **}**  

}

HTTP方法支持GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, TRACE, OPTIONS等,自定义头、数据模板(bodyPatterns,如下例,如不符合,抛出404错误),URL Template,Query参数匹配,显示指定文件内容等。

如以下例子:

POST: http://localhost:9999/api/products

{
"request": {
"method": "POST",
"url": "/api/products",
"bodyPatterns": [
{"equalToJson" : "{ \"name\": \"new product\", \"creator\": \"tester\", \"createTime\": \"2015-09-07\" }", "jsonCompareMode": "LENIENT"}
]
},
"response": {
"status": 201,
"body": "Add successfully.",
"headers":{
"x-token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
}
}
}

PUT: http://localhost:9999/api/products/1

{
"request": {
"method": "PUT",
"url": "/api/products/1",
"bodyPatterns": [
{"equalToJson" : "{ \"id\": 1, \"name\": \"new product\", \"creator\": \"tester\", \"createTime\": \"2015-09-07\" }", "jsonCompareMode": "LENIENT"}
]
},
"response": {
"status": 200,
"body": "Update successfully.",
"headers":{
"x-token":" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
}
}
}

DELETE: http://localhost:9999/api/products/1

{
"request": {
"method": "DELETE",
"url": "/api/products/1"
},
"response": {
"status": 204,
"headers":{
"x-token":" xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
}
}
}

URL Matching: http://localhost:9999/api/products/1(2/3…)

{
"request": {
"method": "GET",
"urlPattern": "/api/products/[0-9]+"
},
"response": {
"status": 200
}
}

Query参数匹配:http://localhost:9999/api/products?search=china

{
"request": {
"method": "GET",
"urlPath": "/api/products",
"queryParameters": {
"search": {
"contains": "chin"
}
}
},
"response": {
"status": 200,
"headers":{ "Content-Type": "application/json"},
"body": "{ \"id\": 7, \"name\": \"shan zai\", \"from\":\"China\" },{ \"id\": 7, \"name\": \"shan zai\", \"from\":\"China(RPC)\" }"
}
}

返回文件内容:http://localhost:9999/file/1

{
"request": {
"method": "GET",
"url": "/file/1"
},
"response": {
"status": 200,
"bodyFileName": "test.xml"(或:”xmlfiles/test.xml”)
}
}

(在__files文件夹下建好所调文件,路径为相对__files文件夹。)

有时文件内容过长也会报错,此时在response headers可延长设置 "Content-Length" : "935",

模拟错误

{
"request" : {
"url" : "/unknown.html",
"method" : "GET"
},
"response" : {
"status" : 404,
"headers" : {
"Content-Type" : "text/html; charset=utf-8"
}
}
}

{
"request": {
"method": "GET",
"url": "/fault"
},
"response": {
"fault": "MALFORMED_RESPONSE_CHUNK"
}
}

录制HTTP请求及回放

Wiremock的录制过程是启动一个代理服务,截取HTTP请求和响应,在mappings文件夹中创建一json文件记录下请求地址和响应概要,在__files文件夹下创建一文件包含响应内容;当重启Standalone进程时,那些记录下的请求响应就会作为Mock Service生成。

启动录制服务:

java -jar wiremock-1.57-standalone.jar --proxy-all="http://localhost:7777" --record-mappings –verbose

默认的代理服务端口是8080,即之后发向http://localhost:7777的请求,可以用http://localhst:8080/来代理。

代理前:

代理后:

录制记录:

生成mapping文件和响应内容文件:

{
"request" : {
"url" : "/test.aspx",
"method" : "GET"
},
"response" : {
"status" : 200,
"bodyFileName" : "body-test.aspx-WK0fD.json",
"headers" : {
"Cache-Control" : "private",
"Content-Type" : "text/html; charset=utf-8",
"Server" : "Microsoft-IIS/7.5",
"X-AspNet-Version" : "2.0.50727",
"X-Powered-By" : "ASP.NET",
"Date" : "Tue, 08 Sep 2015 03:14:36 GMT",
"Content-Length" : "61"
}
}
}

录制完重启服务,验证刚才录制的请求是否生效:

更多的功能,如集成到测试代码、场景模拟(比较接近于真实的情景),请参阅官网:http://wiremock.org/