一、创建工程

scarpy startproject xxx

二、编写iteam文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

Define here the models for your scraped items

See documentation in:

https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

import scrapy

class TestScrapyItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
name = scrapy.Field()
title = scrapy.Field()
info = scrapy.Field()

二、编写setting文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

Scrapy settings for test_scrapy project

For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or

commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:

https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html

https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html

https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'test_scrapy'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['test_scrapy.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'test_scrapy.spiders'

Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent

#USER_AGENT = 'test_scrapy (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

Obey robots.txt rules

ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = True

Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)

#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)

See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay

See also autothrottle settings and docs

#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3

The download delay setting will honor only one of:

#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

Disable cookies (enabled by default)

#COOKIES_ENABLED = False

Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)

#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

Override the default request headers:

DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/76.0.3809.87 Safari/537.36',
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
}

Enable or disable spider middlewares

See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {

'test_scrapy.middlewares.TestScrapySpiderMiddleware': 543,

#}

Enable or disable downloader middlewares

See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html

#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {

'test_scrapy.middlewares.TestScrapyDownloaderMiddleware': 543,

#}

Enable or disable extensions

See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html

#EXTENSIONS = {

'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,

#}

Configure item pipelines

See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html

ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'test_scrapy.pipelines.TestScrapyPipeline': 300,
}

Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)

See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html

#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True

The initial download delay

#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5

The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies

#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60

The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to

each remote server

#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0

Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:

#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)

See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings

#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

三、进入spider文件(cmd创建自定义爬虫文件)

scrapy genspider demo 'www.douyu.com'

编写代码

import scrapy
from test_scrapy.items import TestScrapyItem

class ItcastSpider(scrapy.Spider):
# 爬虫名
name = "itcast"
# 允许爬虫作用的范围
allowd_domains = ['http://www.xxxx.cn/']
# 爬虫起始的url
start_urls = ["http://www.xxxx.cn/channel/teacher.shtml#ajavaee"]

def parse(self, response):  
    # with open("teacher.html", "w") as f:  
    #     f.write(response.body)  
    # 通过自带的xpath匹配出所有老师的根节点列表集合  
    teacher\_list = response.xpath('//div\[@class="li\_txt"\]')

    # 所有老师信息的列表集合  
    # 遍历根节点集合  
    for each in teacher\_list:  
        # 保存数据  
        item = TestScrapyItem()  
        # name,extract()将匹配出来的结果转换为unicode字符串  
        # 不加extract()结果为xpath匹配对象  
        name = each.xpath('./h3/text()').extract()  
        # title  
        title = each.xpath('./h4/text()').extract()  
        # info  
        info = each.xpath('./p/text()').extract()

        item\['name'\] = name\[0\]  
        item\['title'\] = title\[0\]  
        item\['info'\] = info\[0\]

        yield item

四、运行

scrapy crawl xxxx

OVER!