Zabbix API 允许你以编程方式检索和修改 Zabbix 的配置，并提供对历史数据的访问。它广泛用于：

• 创建新的应用程序以使用Zabbix；
• 将Zabbix与第三方软件集成；
• 自动执行常规任务。

Zabbix API 是基于 Web 的API，作为 Web 前端 的一部分提供。它使用 JSON-RPC 2.0 协议，这意味着两点：

• 该 API 包含一组独立的方法；

• 客户端和 API 之间的请求和响应使用 JSON 格式进行编码

  　　zabbix-api

  　　open-ssl

  　　python3.6

  　　requests

sudo apt install zabbix-api

sudo apt install open-ssl

pip3 install requests

在访问 Zabbix 中的任何数据之前，你需要登录并获取身份认证 token。这可以使用user.login方法完成。

zabbix_url='http://10.0.3.108:6588/api_jsonrpc.php'
zabbix_user = "Admin"
zabbix_pass = "passwd"
head={"Content-Type":"application/json"}
operate = ZabbixOperates(zabbix_url,zabbix_user,zabbix_pass)
data = {
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"user.login",
"params":{
"user":self.user,
"password":self.pwd
},
"id":1
}
res =requests.post(zabbix_url,headers=head,json=data)
token = res.json()['result']

获取host列表，这里我们可以筛选自己所需的属性

data={
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method":"host.get",
"params": {
"output": [
"hostid",
"host",
"interfaceid"
],
"selectInterfaces": [
"interfaceid",
"ip"
]
},
"id":1,
"auth":token
}
res = requests.post(zabbix_url,json=data)
for host in value['result']:
print(host)
print('-------------------------------------------------------------')

得到以下输出

dark@dark:~/python$ /usr/bin/python3 /home/dark/python/zabbix-api/host.py

{'hostid': '10084', 'host': 'Zabbix server', 'interfaces': [{'interfaceid': '1', 'ip': '127.0.0.1'}]}

{'hostid': '10318', 'host': 'zabbix-agent', 'interfaces': [{'interfaceid': '2', 'ip': '10.0.3.108'}]}

{'hostid': '10319', 'host': 'Juniper-10.0.3.1', 'interfaces': [{'interfaceid': '3', 'ip': '10.0.3.1'}]}

{'hostid': '10320', 'host': 'ju_route', 'interfaces': [{'interfaceid': '4', 'ip': '10.0.0.1'}]}

使用item.create来创建item，我们需要使用以上获取到的hostid interfaceid属性

data={
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "item.create",
"params": {
"name": 1.1.1.1-restime,
"key_": ping_restime[1.1.1.1],
"hostid": "10318",
"type": 0,
"value_type": 0,
"interfaceid": "2",
"delay": '20s',
'history': '90d',
'trends': '365d',
'units': "ms",
'lifetime': '30d',
},
"auth": token,
"id": 3
}
if 'result' in value:
for host in value['result']:
if isinstance(host,dict):
for k,v in host.items():
print(k,v)
else:
print(host)
print('------------------------------------------------------------------------------')
elif 'error' in value:
print(value['error'])

创建成功后会返回itemid，如果key存在会返回错误信息，可以做下异常处理

dark@dark:~/python$ /usr/bin/python3 /home/dark/python/zabbix-api/host.py
{'itemids': ['32918']}

dark@dark:~/python$ /usr/bin/python3 /home/dark/python/zabbix-api/host.py

{'code': -32602, 'message': 'Invalid params.', 'data': 'Item with key "ping_pkloss[1.1.1.1]" already exists on "zabbix-agent".'}

简单的操作就是这样，如果客户端使用证书加密码登录，只需要在requests.post附带证书信息就行

为了日常工作使用起来更为便捷，我们对这些功能做下封装

zabbixoperates.py

只做了host.get和item.create模块，其他模块可根据日常添加习惯进行定义

import requests

class ZabbixOperates:
def __init__(self,zabbix_url,zabbix_user,zabbix_pass,verify_file=None,ssl_pem=None,ssl_key=None):
self.zabbix_url = zabbix_url
self.user=zabbix_user
self.pwd=zabbix_pass
self.verify_file,self.ssl_pem,self.ssl_key=verify_file,ssl_pem,ssl_key
self.head={"Content-Type":"application/json"}
self.token = self.get_token()
def get_token(self):
data = {
"jsonrpc":"2.0",
"method":"user.login",
"params":{
"user":self.user,
"password":self.pwd
},
"id":1
}
res = requests.post(self.zabbix_url,headers=self.head,json=data,verify=self.verify_file,cert=(self.ssl_pem,self.ssl_key))
return res.json()['result']
def reuqest(self,data):
res = requests.post(self.zabbix_url,json=data,verify=self.verify_file,cert=(self.ssl_pem,self.ssl_key))
self.show(res.json())
return(res.json())
def show(self,value):
if 'result' in value:
for host in value['result']:
if isinstance(host,dict):
for k,v in host.items():
print(k,v)
else:
print(host)
print('------------------------------------------------------------------------------')
elif 'error' in value:
print(value['error'])
#通用方法
def operate(self,data):
return self.reuqest(data)
#根据日常习惯定制方法
def get_host(self):
data={
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method":"host.get",
"params": {
"output": [
"hostid",
"host",
"interfaceid"
],
"selectInterfaces": [
"interfaceid",
"ip"
]
},
"id":1,
"auth":self.token
}
return self.reuqest(data)
def show_item(self,*value):
hostid,key=value
data = {
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "item.get",
"params": {
"output": "extend",
"hostids": hostid,
"search": {
"key_": key
},
"sortfield": "name"
},
"auth": self.token,
"id": 1
}
return self.reuqest(data)
def create_item(self,*value):
hostid,interfaceid,name,key,units=value
data={
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "item.create",
"params": {
"name": name,
"key_": key,
"hostid": hostid,
"type": 0,
"value_type": 0,
"interfaceid": interfaceid,
"delay": '20s',
'history': '90d',
'trends': '365d',
'units': units,
'lifetime': '30d',
},
"auth": self.token,
"id": 3
}
return self.reuqest(data)

使用方法

from zabbixoperates import ZabbixOperates
if __name__ == '__main__':
verify_file = '/home/dark/dark.pem'
ssl_pem = '/home/dark/dark.pem'
ssl_key = '/home/dark/dark.key'
zabbix_url='https://ex.zabbix.com/api_jsonrpc.php'
zabbix_user = "Admin"
zabbix_pass = "passwd"
operate = ZabbixOperates(zabbix_url,zabbix_user,zabbix_pass,verify_file,ssl_pem,ssl_key)
#获取host
operate.get_host()
#创建item
for host in ['1.1.1.1','2.2.2.2']:
resvalue=operate.create_item('10318','2',host+'-restime','ping_restime[%s]'%host,'ms')
pktvalue=operate.create_item('10318','2',host+'-pkloss','ping_pkloss[%s]'%host,'%')
#原始数据，通过operate方法执行
data={
"jsonrpc": "2.0",
"method": "item.get",
"params": {
"output": "extend",
"hostids": "11148",
"search": {
"key_": "ping_"
},
"sortfield": "name"
},
"auth": operate.token,
"id": 1
}
operate.operate(data)

确认结果