准备虚拟机：linux-rhel-7.4-server，由于不使用虚拟机进行联网，所以选择host-only网络模式。此处，需要再VitralBox的管理菜单中的主机网络管理器新建一个虚拟网卡。安装完成虚拟机之后，默认网卡是关闭的，需要进行开启，指令如下：

[root@hadoop-01 network-scripts]# vi ifcfg-enp0s3 #默认网卡配置

TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=enp0s3
UUID=9e448496-ecd5-4122-a91f-91f91bd15f5e
DEVICE=enp0s3
ONBOOT=yes #修改为 yes,默认是no然后重启虚拟机

此时再来查看本机网络配置如下，就可以与宿主机的同网段的虚拟网卡进行通讯了，如果宿主机启用的网络共享，那么可以让虚拟机进行联网

[root@hadoop-01 network-scripts]# ifconfig
enp0s3: flags=4163 mtu 1500 #已经有IP分配进来
inet 192.168.56.101 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.56.255
inet6 fe80::bcf9:1d0d:e75d:500f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20
ether 08:00:27:fb:11:51 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 5763894 bytes 8204104505 (7.6 GiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 310622 bytes 23522131 (22.4 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73 mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 1698 bytes 134024 (130.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 1698 bytes 134024 (130.8 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

上传准备好的程序包

ZBMAC-C03VQ091H:实验介质 hadoop$ ls
ZooInspector.zip mysql-5.7.19-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
ZooViewer.zip mysql-connector-java-5.1.43-bin.jar
apache-flume-1.7.0-bin.tar.gz pig-0.17.0.tar.gz
apache-hive-2.3.0-bin.tar.gz sqoop-1.4.5.bin__hadoop-0.23.tar.gz
hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz virtualbox
hbase-1.3.1-bin.tar.gz winscp513setup.exe
hue-4.0.1.tgz zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz
jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz

#使用SCP命令：
scp ./* hadoop-01@192.168.56.101:/home/hadoop-01/

安装JDK1.8并解压：

tar -zxvf jdk-8u144-linux-x64.tar.gz

设置当前用户的java_home 编辑~/.bash_profile

JAVA_HOME=/home/hadoop-02/sdk-home/jdk1.8.0_144
export JAVA_HOME

PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH

java环境变量设置成功后，使用 ：java -version查看版本是否正确

解压hadoop

tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz

hadoop目录结构解释：

[hadoop-02@hadoop-02 ~]$ tree -L 3 /home/hadoop-02/sdk-home/hadoop-2.7.3/
/home/hadoop-02/sdk-home/hadoop-2.7.3/
|-- bin # 可执行命令
| |-- container-executor
| |-- hadoop| |-- yarn
| `-- yarn.cmd
|-- etc
| `-- hadoop # 配置文件目录
| |-- capacity-scheduler.xml
| |-- configuration.xsl
| | |-- yarn-env.sh
| `-- yarn-site.xml
|-- include
| |-- hdfs.h
| | `-- TemplateFactory.hh
|-- lib
| `-- native
| |-- libhadoop.a
| |-- libhadooppipes.a
|
| `-- libhdfs.so.0.0.0
|-- libexec
| |-- hadoop-config.cmd
| |-- hadoop-config.sh
| |-- LICENSE.txt
|-- logs
| |-- hadoop-hadoop-02-datanode-hadoop-02.log
| |-- hadoop-hadoop-02-datanode-hadoop-02.out
| |-- |-- NOTICE.txt
|-- README.txt
|-- sbin # 启停脚本
| |-- distribute-exclude.sh
| |-- hadoop-daemon.sh| `-- yarn-daemons.sh
`-- share
|-- doc #文档目录
| `-- hadoop
`-- hadoop #所有jar包
|-- common
|-- hdfs
|-- httpfs
|-- kms
|-- mapreduce #内含示例jar包
|-- tools
`-- yarn

设置hadoop的环境变量：

# /hadoop-2.7.3/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

#修改JAVA_HOME为实际对应目录：

The java implementation to use.

export JAVA_HOME=/home/hadoop-02/sdk-home/jdk1.8.0_144/

至此本机环境已经准备好找到hadoop的sbin目录执行start-all.sh

[hadoop-02@hadoop-02 sbin]$ ./start-all.sh
This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh
Incorrect configuration: namenode address dfs.namenode.servicerpc-address or dfs.namenode.rpc-address is not configured.
Starting namenodes on []
hadoop-02@localhost's password:
localhost: starting namenode, logging to /home/hadoop-02/sdk-home/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-hadoop-02-namenode-hadoop-02.out
hadoop-02@localhost's password:
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /home/hadoop-02/sdk-home/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-hadoop-02-datanode-hadoop-02.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
hadoop-02@0.0.0.0's password:
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /home/hadoop-02/sdk-home/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/hadoop-hadoop-02-secondarynamenode-hadoop-02.out
0.0.0.0: Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid URI for NameNode address (check fs.defaultFS): file:/// has no authority.
0.0.0.0: at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.getAddress(NameNode.java:472)
0.0.0.0: at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.getAddress(NameNode.java:462)
0.0.0.0: at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.NameNode.getServiceAddress(NameNode.java:455)
0.0.0.0: at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SecondaryNameNode.initialize(SecondaryNameNode.java:229)
0.0.0.0: at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SecondaryNameNode.(SecondaryNameNode.java:192)
0.0.0.0: at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.SecondaryNameNode.main(SecondaryNameNode.java:671)
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /home/hadoop-02/sdk-home/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/yarn-hadoop-02-resourcemanager-hadoop-02.out
hadoop-02@localhost's password:
localhost: starting nodemanager, logging to /home/hadoop-02/sdk-home/hadoop-2.7.3/logs/yarn-hadoop-02-nodemanager-hadoop-02.out
[hadoop-02@hadoop-02 sbin]$

中间如果没有配置免密登录，会出现四次输入密码，注意观察日志在启动对应的服务。

检查服务是否正常,包含如下服务：

[hadoop-02@hadoop-02 sbin]$ jps
6305 Jps
6178 NodeManager
5883 ResourceManager
[hadoop-02@hadoop-02 sbin]$

运行wordcount 示例：

[hadoop-02@hadoop-02 sbin]$ hadoop jar /home/hadoop-02/sdk-home/hadoop-2.7.3/share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.3.jar wordcount /home/hadoop-02/test_hadoop/wordcount.txt /home/hadoop-02/test_hadoop/wordcount_output/

到输出目录就能看到结果文件如下：

[hadoop-02@hadoop-02 sbin]$ cd /home/hadoop-02/test_hadoop/wordcount_output
[hadoop-02@hadoop-02 wordcount_output]$ ls
_SUCCESS part-r-00000

至此本地环境搭建就介绍到这里