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Appium新版本引发的一个问题
阅读原文时间：2023年07月20日阅读：9

Appium新版本引发的一个问题

准备工作

from appium import webdriver
des_cap = {'platformName': 'android'}
driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',
                          desired_capabilities=des_cap)
  • python 3.10，虚拟环境
  • pycharm 2018 community
  • 测试时间 2023-7-20

场景一: 默认安装 PASS

  • 在pycharm中安装appium-python-client，版本不指定，此时是2.11.1

  • 对应依赖selenium4.10.0

  • 执行示例代码

  • 测试通过

  • ??? 所以博主你要表达啥

  • 继续看下去

场景二:appium-python-client2.6.0+selenium4.10 FAIL

  • 你根据指定版本安装appium-python-client为2.6，自动安装selenium4.10

  • 执行示例代码

  • 测试失败

  • 提示如下

    D:\Appium01\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/Appium01/demo1.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\Appium01\demo1.py", line 9, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Remote(command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub',
  File "D:\Appium01\venv\lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py", line 230, in __init__
    super().__init__(
TypeError: WebDriver.__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'desired_capabilities'

场景3:appium-python-client2.6.0+selenium4.3.0 PASS

  • 你应该是先安装selenium4.3.0
  • 然后再安装appium-python-client2.6.0
  • 都是指定版本安装
    • 有同学会说，谁会这样安装呢
    • 会的，因为你可能是先学selenium(我课程要求是4.3，最新的版本4.10的改进对我们没有太大意义，但底层确实改变了很多)
  • 测试通过

问题说明

  • 先看报错

    TypeError: WebDriver.__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument 'desired_capabilities'

  • 主要版本信息:

    • appium-python-client2.6.0
    • selenium4.10

  • 报错行

    driver = webdriver.Remote

  • Remote是个别名

     from .webdriver import WebDriver as Remote

  • 看WebDriver源码

    class WebDriver(
    webdriver.Remote,
    ActionHelpers,
    Activities,
    Applications,
    Clipboard,
    Context,
    Common,
    DeviceTime,
    Display,
    ExecuteDriver,
    ExecuteMobileCommand,
    Gsm,
    HardwareActions,
    ImagesComparison,
    IME,
    Keyboard,
    Location,
    LogEvent,
    Network,
    Performance,
    Power,
    RemoteFS,
    ScreenRecord,
    Session,
    Settings,
    Sms,
    SystemBars,
):
    def __init__(
        self,
        command_executor: str = 'http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub',
        desired_capabilities: Optional[Dict] = None,
        browser_profile: str = None,
        proxy: str = None,
        keep_alive: bool = True,
        direct_connection: bool = True,
        extensions: Optional[List['WebDriver']] = None,
        strict_ssl: bool = True,
        options: Union[AppiumOptions, List[AppiumOptions]] = None,
    ):

  • __init__中传递了desired_capabilities没有问题

  • 继续分析堆栈

    File "D:\Appium01\venv\lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py", line 230, in __init__
    super().__init__(

  • 继续看WebDriver此处源码

            super().__init__(
            command_executor=AppiumConnection(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive),
            desired_capabilities=desired_capabilities,
            browser_profile=browser_profile,
            proxy=proxy,
            options=options,
        )

  • 这里也有desired_capabilities，为何报错了呢

  • 请看WebDriver的继承webdriver.Remote

    class WebDriver(BaseWebDriver):
    _web_element_cls = WebElement
    _shadowroot_cls = ShadowRoot
    def __init__(
    self,
    command_executor="http://127.0.0.1:4444",
    keep_alive=True,
    file_detector=None,
    options: Union[BaseOptions, List[BaseOptions]] = None,
) -&gt; None:</code></pre></li>
  • 到这里你发现了，这个__init__里面没有desired_capabilities
    • 

  • 注意webdriver.Remote是隶属于selenium的，你此时的selenium是4.10，升级了，可能导致它remove了一些参数
    • 

  • 这是默认组合，要知道selenium也是4.10了，为何没有报错呢？
    • 

  • 其调用关系简单分析下
    • 

  • 在Remote的__init__中，也支持desired_capabilities，但有如下信息
    

            # TODO: Remove the deprecated arg
        desired_capabilities: Optional[Dict] = None,
        if desired_capabilities is not None:
        warnings.warn(
            'desired_capabilities argument is deprecated and will be removed in future versions. '
            'Use options instead.',
            DeprecationWarning,
        )</code></pre>
      

    • 后续要移除desired_capabilities
      • 

    • 用options替代(模仿selenium)
    • 

  • 关键的问题是在于，appium-python-client2.11.1中对父类__init__的调用是不携带desired_capabilities的
    

            super().__init__(
            command_executor=command_executor,
            options=dst_options,
        )
    • 

  • 完整代码片段如下
    

    class WebDriver(
    webdriver.Remote,
    ActionHelpers,
    Activities,
    Applications,
    Clipboard,
    Context,
    Common,
    DeviceTime,
    Display,
    ExecuteDriver,
    ExecuteMobileCommand,
    Gsm,
    HardwareActions,
    ImagesComparison,
    IME,
    Keyboard,
    Location,
    LogEvent,
    Network,
    Performance,
    Power,
    RemoteFS,
    ScreenRecord,
    Session,
    Settings,
    Sms,
    SystemBars,
):
    def __init__(
        self,
        command_executor: Union[str, AppiumConnection] = 'http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub',
        # TODO: Remove the deprecated arg
        desired_capabilities: Optional[Dict] = None,
        # TODO: Remove the deprecated arg
        browser_profile: Union[str, None] = None,
        # TODO: Remove the deprecated arg
        proxy: Union[str, None] = None,
        keep_alive: bool = True,
        direct_connection: bool = True,
        extensions: Optional[List['WebDriver']] = None,
        strict_ssl: bool = True,
        options: Union[AppiumOptions, List[AppiumOptions], None] = None,
    ):
        if strict_ssl is False:
            # pylint: disable=E1101
            # noinspection PyPackageRequirements
            import urllib3
            # pylint: disable=E1101
        # noinspection PyPackageRequirements
        import urllib3.exceptions

        # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
        AppiumConnection.set_certificate_bundle_path(None)
        urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)

    if isinstance(command_executor, str):
        command_executor = AppiumConnection(command_executor, keep_alive=keep_alive)

    if browser_profile is not None:
        warnings.warn('browser_profile argument is deprecated and has no effect', DeprecationWarning)

    if proxy is not None:
        warnings.warn('proxy argument is deprecated and has no effect', DeprecationWarning)

    if desired_capabilities is not None:
        warnings.warn(
            'desired_capabilities argument is deprecated and will be removed in future versions. '
            'Use options instead.',
            DeprecationWarning,
        )
    # TODO: Remove the fallback after desired_capabilities removal
    dst_options = (
        AppiumOptions().load_capabilities(desired_capabilities)
        if desired_capabilities is not None and options is None
        else options
    )

    super().__init__(
        command_executor=command_executor,
        options=dst_options,
    )</code></pre></li>
  • 想必分析到此处，你应该盲猜能知道为何这个也PASS了
    • 

  • 是因为selenium的版本中webdriver.Remote中是有desired_capabilities的
    

    class WebDriver(BaseWebDriver):
    _web_element_cls = WebElement
    _shadowroot_cls = ShadowRoot
    def __init__(self, command_executor='http://127.0.0.1:4444',
             desired_capabilities=None, browser_profile=None, proxy=None,
             keep_alive=True, file_detector=None, options: Union[BaseOptions, List[BaseOptions]] = None):</code></pre></li>

总结

  • 最新版本appium-python-client即将不提供desired_capabilities的传参，但目前能用
  • 在selenium4.10中已经不支持desired_capabilities参数
  • 错误的搭配可能会引发上述问题，要么用最新的版本(默认安装)，要么2个都用较低的版本
  • 留在最后的问题，那么在appium最新版中应该如何传递能力值呢?

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