一款免费监控aix与Linux的软件--nmon

V2AS问路

一款免费监控aix与Linux的软件--nmon

阅读原文时间：2023年07月10日阅读：2

性能介绍

nmon 工具可以为 AIX 和 Linux 性能专家提供监视和分析性能数据的功能，其中包括：

CPU 使用率
内存使用情况
内核统计信息和运行队列信息
磁盘 I/O 速度、传输和读/写比率
文件系统中的可用空间
磁盘适配器
网络 I/O 速度、传输和读/写比率
页面空间和页面速度
CPU 和 AIX 规范
消耗资源最多的进程
IBM HTTP Web 缓存
用户自定义的磁盘组
计算机详细信息和资源
异步 I/O，仅适用于 AIX
工作负载管理器 (WLM)，仅适用于 AIX
IBM TotalStorage® Enterprise Storage Server® (ESS) 磁盘，仅适用于 AIX
网络文件系统 (NFS)
动态 LPAR (DLPAR) 更改，仅适用于面向 AIX 或 Linux 的 pSeries p5 和 OpenPower

还包括一个用来从 nmon 的输出生成图形并创建可以在 Web 站点显示的 .gif文件的新工具。

工具运行

* AIX® 4.1.5、4.2.0、4.3.2 和 4.3.3（nmon Version 9a：该版本的功能已经确定，并且不会对其进行进一步的开发。）

* AIX 5.1、5.2 和 5.3（nmon Version 10：该版本现在支持 AIX 5.3 和基于 POWER5™ 处理器的计算机，并且提供了 SMT 和共享 CPU 微分区的支持。）

* pSeries® p5 和 OpenPower™ 上的 Linux™ SUSE SLES 9、Red Hat EL 3 和 4、Debian

* Linux SUSE、Red Hat 和许多最新的 x86（32 位模式的 Intel 和 AMD）上的发布版

* zSeries® 或 mainframe 上的 Linux SUSE 和 Red Hat

安装

该工具是一个独立的二进制文件（不同的 AIX 或 Linux 版本中该文件也有所不同），您可以在五秒钟内完成该工具的安装，如果您的输入速度更快的话，也许时间更短。安装过程非常简单：

将 nmonXXX.tar.Z 文件复制到计算机。如果使用 FTP，请记住使用二进制模式。注意：示例中的 XXX 由实际的版本代替。
要解压该文件，可以运行 uncompress nmonXX.tar.Z。
要提取该文件，可以运行 tar xvf nmonXX.tar。
阅读自述文件。
要启动 nmon 工具，输入 nmon。
如果您是 root 用户，可能需要输入 ./nmon。

下面介绍下安装工具步骤，其实安装还是挺方便挺简单的

http://nmon.sourceforge.net/pmwiki.php?n=Site.Download

打开这个网站下载符合自己操作系统的硬件的相关nmon版本的软件到linux本地。

小七这边用的是CentOS6 64位下载的是 nmon16d_x86.tar.gz 9MB (也可以直接点击名字下载)

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# ls
nmon16d_x86.tar.gz nmon_analyser_v51_2.zip

将下载的 nmon16d_x86.tar.gz 解压

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# tar -xzvf nmon16d_x86.tar.gz

然后会到解压出来好多类型不同平台的二进制nmon，笔者这里的系统是nmon_x86_64_centos6，所以给nmon_x86_64_centos6文件执行权限

找到对应的linux版本

不知道版本的可以输入

[root@lamw /root]# lsb_release -a 查看版本

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# chmod u+x nmon_x86_64_centos6

笔者这边把 nmon_x86_64_centos6 文件名称改成“nmon”了方便后续执行（PS：如果不改文件名称可以直接 ./nmon_x86_64_centos6去执行）

然后就可以用 ./nmon去执行了

[root@lamw /home/lam7/nmon]# ./nmon

nmon是个交互式程序，当我们执行nmon的时候会出现一个交互窗口，我们执行相关的命令就会出现相关的信息。

比如这里我按c，就会显示cpu的相关信息

根据自己需要监控的数据直接输入相关信息即可，按H 可以查看对应的命令帮助解释

按q键，退出显示，其实就是这么简单。

下面通过nmon_analyse生成分析报表

nmon -h 可以查看帮助信息

Hint for nmon version 16d
Full Help Info : nmon -h

On-screen Stats: nmon  
Data Collection: nmon -f \[-s <seconds>\] \[-c <count>\] \[-t|-T\]  
Capacity Plan  : nmon -x

Interactive-Mode:
Read the Welcome screen & at any time type: "h" for more help
Type "q" to exit nmon

For Data-Collect-Mode
-f Must be the first option on the line (switches off interactive mode)
Saves data to a CSV Spreadsheet format .nmon file in then local directory
Note: -f sets a defaults -s300 -c288 which you can then modify
Further Data Collection Options:
-s time between data snapshots
-c of snapshots before exiting
-t Includes Top Processes stats (-T also collects command arguments)
-x Capacity Planning=15 min snapshots for 1 day. (nmon -ft -s 900 -c 96)
---- End of Hints
---- Full Help Information for nmon 16d

For Interactive and Data Collection Mode:
User Defined Disk Groups (DG) - This works in both modes
It is a work around Linux issues, where disks & partitions are mixed up in /proc files
& drive driver developers use bizarre device names, making it trick to separate them.
-g Use this file to define the groups
- On each line: group-name (space separated list)
- Example line: database sdb sdc sdd sde
- Up to 64 disk groups, 512 disks per line
- Disks names can appear more than one group
-g auto - Will generate a file called "auto" with just disks from "lsblk|grep disk" output
For Interactive use define the groups then type: g or G
For Data Capture defining the groups switches on data collection

Data-Collect-Mode = spreadsheet format (i.e. comma separated values)
Note: Use only one of f, F, R, x, X or z to switch on Data Collection mode
Note: Make it the first argument then use other options to modify the defaults
Note: Don't collect data that you don't want - it just makes the files too large
Note: Too many snapshots = too much data and crashes Analyser and other tools
Note: 500 to 800 snapshots make a good graph on a normal size screen
Recommended normal minimal options: snapshots every 2 minutes all day:
Simple capture: nmon -f -s 120 -c 720
With Top Procs: nmon -fT -s 120 -c 720
Set the directory: nmon -fT -s 120 -c 720 -m /home/nag/nmon
Capture a busy hour: nmon -fT -s 5 -c 720 -m /home/nag/nmon

For Data-Collect-Mode Options
-f spreadsheet output format [note: default -s300 -c288]
output file is _YYYYMMDD_HHMM.nmon
-F same as -f but user supplied filename
Not recommended as the default file name is perfect
The other options in alphabetical order:
-a Include Accelerator GPU stats
-b Online only: for black and white mode (switch off colour)
-c The number of snapshots before nmon stops
-d To set the maximum number of disks [default 256]
Ignores disks if the systems has 100's of disk or the config is odd!
-D Use with -g to add the Disk Wait/Service Time & in-flight stats
-f and -F See above
-g User Defined Disk Groups (see above) - Data Capture: Generates BBBG & DG lines
-g auto See above but makes the file "auto" for you of just the disks like sda etc.
-h This help output
-I Set the ignore process & disks busy threshold (default 0.1%)
Don't save or show proc/disk using less than this percent
-l Disks per line in data capture to avoid spreadsheet width issues. Default 150. EMC=64.
-m nmon changes to this directory before saving to file
Useful when starting nmon via cron
-M Adds MHz stats for each CPU thread. Some POWER8 model CPU cores can be different frequencies
-N Include NFS Network File System for V2, V3 and V4
-p nmon outputs the PID when it starts. Useful in scripts to capture the PID for a later safe stop.
-r Use in a benchmark to record the run details for later analysis [default hostname]
-R Old rrdtool format used by some - may be removed in the future. If you use this email Nigel
-s Time between snap shots - with "-c count" decides duration of the data capture
-t Include Top Processes in the output
-T As -t plus it saves command line arguments in UARG section
-U Include the Linux 10 CPU utilisation stats (CPUUTIL lines in the file)
-V Print nmon version & exit immediately

To manually load nmon files into a spreadsheet:  
    sort -A \*nmon >stats.csv  
    Transfer the stats.csv file to your PC  
    Start spreadsheet & then Open with type=comma-separated-value ASCII file  
    This puts every datum in a different cell  
    Now select the data of one type (same 1st column) and graph it  
    The nmon Analyser & other tools do not need the file sorted.

Capacity Planning mode - use cron to run each day
-x Sensible spreadsheet output for one day
Every 15 mins for 1 day ( i.e. -ft -s 900 -c 96)
-X Sensible spreadsheet output for busy hour
Every 30 secs for 1 hour ( i.e. -ft -s 30 -c 120)
-z Like -x but the output saved in /var/perf/tmp assuming root user

Interactive Mode Keys in Alphabetical Order
Start nmon then type the letters below to switch on & off particular stats
The stats are always in the same order on-screen
To see more stats: make the font smaller or use two windows

Key --- Toggles on off to control what is displayed ---  
b   = Black and white mode (or use -b command line option)  
c   = CPU Utilisation stats with bar graphs (CPU core threads)  
C   = CPU Utilisation as above but concise wide view (up to 192 CPUs)  
d   = Disk I/O Busy% & Graphs of Read and Write KB/s  
D   = Disk I/O Numbers including Transfers, Average Block Size & Peaks (type: 0 to reset)  
g   = User Defined Disk Groups            (assumes -g <file> when starting nmon)  
G   = Change Disk stats (d) to just disks (assumes -g auto   when starting nmon)  
h   = This help information  
j   = File Systems including Journal File Systems  
k   = Kernel stats Run Queue, context-switch, fork, Load Average & Uptime  
l   = Long term Total CPU (over 75 snapshots) via bar graphs  
L   = Large and =Huge memory page stats  
m   = Memory & Swap stats  
M   = MHz for machines with variable frequency 1st=Threads 2nd=Cores 3=Graphs  
n   = Network stats & errors (if no errors it disappears)  
N   = NFS - Network File System  
      1st NFS V2 & V3, 2nd=NFS4-Client & 3rd=NFS4-Server  
o   = Disk I/O Map (one character per disk pixels showing how busy it is)  
      Particularly good if you have 100's of disks  
q   = Quit  
r   = Resources: Machine type, name, cache details & OS version & Distro + LPAR  
t   = Top Processes: select the data & order 1=Basic, 3=Perf 4=Size 5=I/O=root only  
u   = Top Process with command line details  
U   = CPU utilisation stats - all 10 Linux stats:  
      user, user\_nice, system, idle, iowait, irq, softirq, steal, guest, guest\_nice  
v   = Experimental Verbose mode - tries to make recommendations  
V   = Virtual Memory stats

Key --- Other Interactive Controls ---  
+   = Double the screen refresh time  
-   = Halves the screen refresh time  
0   = Reset peak counts to zero (peak highlight with ">")  
1   = Top Processes mode 1 Nice, Priority, Status  
3   = Top Processes mode 3 CPU, Memory, Faults  
4   = Top Processes mode 4 as 3 but order by memory  
5   = Top Processes mode 5 as 3 but order by I/O (if root user)  
6   = Highlights 60% row on Long Term CPU view  
7   = Highlights 70% row on Long Term CPU view  
8   = Highlights 80% row on Long Term CPU view  
9   = Highlights 90% row on Long Term CPU view  
.   = Minimum mode i.e. only busy disks and processes shown  
space = Refresh screen now

Interactive Start-up Control
If you find you always type the same toggles every time you start
then place them in the NMON shell variable. For example:
export NMON=cmdrtn

Other items for Interactive and Data Collection mode:
a) To limit the processes nmon lists (online and to a file)
either set NMONCMD0 to NMONCMD63 to the program names
or use -C cmd:cmd:cmd etc. example: -C ksh:vi:syncd
Other items for Data Collection mode:
b) To you want to stop nmon use: kill -USR2
c) Use -p and nmon outputs the background process pid
d) If you want to pipe nmon output to other commands use a FIFO:
mkfifo /tmp/mypipe
nmon -F /tmp/mypipe &
tail -f /tmp/mypipe
e) If nmon fails please report it with:
1) nmon version like: 16d
2) the output of: cd /proc; cat cpuinfo meminfo partitions stat vmstat
3) some clue of what you were doing
4) I may ask you to run the debug version or collect data files
f) If box & line characters are letters then check: terminal emulator & $TERM
g) External Data Collectors - nmon will execute a command or script at each snapshot time
They must output to a different file which is merge afterwards with the nmon output
Set the following shell variables:
NMON_START = script to generate CVS Header test line explaining the columns
Generate: TabName,DataDescription,Column_name_and_units,Column_name_and_units …
NMON_SNAP = script for each snapshots data, the parameter is the T0000 snapshot number
Generate: TabName,T00NN,Data,Data,Data …
NMON_END = script to clean up or finalise the data
NMON_ONE_IN = call NMON_START less often (if it is heavy in CPU terms)
Once capture done: cat nmon-file data-file >merged-file ; ready for Analyser or other tools
The nmon Analyser will automatically do its best to graph the data on a new Tab sheet

Developer: Nigel Griffiths     See http://nmon.sourceforge.net  
Feedback welcome - On the current release only  
No warranty given or implied. Copyright GPLv3