涉及的命令有export、import、save、load

save

• 命令

  docker save [options] images [images...]

• 示例

  docker save -o nginx.tar nginx:latest

  或

  docker save > nginx.tar nginx:latest

  其中-o和>表示输出到文件，nginx.tar为目标文件，nginx:latest是源镜像名（name:tag）

load

• 命令

  docker load [options]

• 示例

  docker load -i nginx.tar

  或

  docker load < nginx.tar

  其中-i和<表示从文件输入。会成功导入镜像及相关元数据，包括tag信息

export

• 命令

  docker export [options] container

• 示例

  docker export -o nginx-test.tar nginx-test

  其中-o表示输出到文件，nginx-test.tar为目标文件，nginx-test是源容器名（name）

import

• 命令

  docker import [options] file|URL|- [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

• 示例

  docker import nginx-test.tar nginx:imp

  或

  cat nginx-test.tar | docker import - nginx:imp

• export命令导出的tar文件略小于save命令导出的

• export命令是从容器（container）中导出tar文件，而save命令则是从镜像（images）中导出

• 基于第二点，export导出的文件再import回去时，无法保留镜像所有历史（即每一层layer信息，不熟悉的可以去看Dockerfile），不能进行回滚操作；而save是依据镜像来的，所以导入时可以完整保留下每一层layer信息。如下图所示，nginx:latest是save导出load导入的，nginx:imp是export导出import导入的。

可以依据具体使用场景来选择命令

• 若是只想备份images，使用save、load即可
• 若是在启动容器后，容器内容有变化，需要备份，则使用export、import

docker-compose.yml

version: '3'

services:
  elastiflow-elasticsearch:
    image: docker.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch:7.8.1
    container_name: elastiflow-elasticsearch
    restart: 'no'
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
      nofile:
        soft: 131072
        hard: 131072
      nproc: 8192
      fsize: -1
    network_mode: host
    volumes:
      # 使用如下命令创建数据目录
      # mkdir /docker/elastiflow/data && chown -R 1000:1000 /docker/elastiflow/data
      - /docker/elastiflow/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
    environment:
      # JVM Heap size
      #   - this should be at least 2GB for simple testing, receiving only a few flows per second.
      #   - for production environments upto 31GB is recommended.
      ES_JAVA_OPTS: '-Xms4g -Xmx4g'

      cluster.name: elastiflow

      bootstrap.memory_lock: 'true'

      network.host: 0.0.0.0
      http.port: 9200
      discovery.type: 'single-node'

      indices.query.bool.max_clause_count: 8192
      search.max_buckets: 250000

      action.destructive_requires_name: 'true'

  elastiflow-kibana:
    image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana:7.8.1
    container_name: elastiflow-kibana
    restart: 'no'
    depends_on:
      - elastiflow-elasticsearch
    network_mode: host
    environment:
      SERVER_HOST: 0.0.0.0
      SERVER_PORT: 5601
      SERVER_MAXPAYLOADBYTES: 8388608

      ELASTICSEARCH_HOSTS: "http://127.0.0.1:9200"
      ELASTICSEARCH_REQUESTTIMEOUT: 132000
      ELASTICSEARCH_SHARDTIMEOUT: 120000

      KIBANA_DEFAULTAPPID: "dashboard/653cf1e0-2fd2-11e7-99ed-49759aed30f5"
      KIBANA_AUTOCOMPLETETIMEOUT: 3000
      KIBANA_AUTOCOMPLETETERMINATEAFTER: 2500000

      LOGGING_DEST: stdout
      LOGGING_QUIET: 'false'

  elastiflow-logstash:
    image: robcowart/elastiflow-logstash:4.0.1
    container_name: elastiflow-logstash
    restart: 'no'
    depends_on:
      - elastiflow-elasticsearch
    network_mode: host
    environment:
      # JVM Heap size - this MUST be at least 3GB (4GB preferred)
      LS_JAVA_OPTS: '-Xms4g -Xmx4g'

      # ElastiFlow global configuration
      ELASTIFLOW_AGENT_ID: elastiflow
      ELASTIFLOW_GEOIP_CACHE_SIZE: 16384
      ELASTIFLOW_GEOIP_LOOKUP: 'true'
      ELASTIFLOW_ASN_LOOKUP: 'true'
      ELASTIFLOW_OUI_LOOKUP: 'false'
      ELASTIFLOW_POPULATE_LOGS: 'true'
      ELASTIFLOW_KEEP_ORIG_DATA: 'true'
      ELASTIFLOW_DEFAULT_APPID_SRCTYPE: '__UNKNOWN'

      # Name resolution option
      ELASTIFLOW_RESOLVE_IP2HOST: 'false'
      ELASTIFLOW_NAMESERVER: '127.0.0.1'
      ELASTIFLOW_DNS_HIT_CACHE_SIZE: 25000
      ELASTIFLOW_DNS_HIT_CACHE_TTL: 900
      ELASTIFLOW_DNS_FAILED_CACHE_SIZE: 75000
      ELASTIFLOW_DNS_FAILED_CACHE_TTL: 3600

      ELASTIFLOW_ES_HOST: '127.0.0.1:9200'
      #ELASTIFLOW_ES_USER: 'elastic'
      #ELASTIFLOW_ES_PASSWD: 'changeme'

      ELASTIFLOW_NETFLOW_IPV4_PORT: 2055
      ELASTIFLOW_NETFLOW_UDP_WORKERS: 2
      ELASTIFLOW_NETFLOW_UDP_QUEUE_SIZE: 4096
      ELASTIFLOW_NETFLOW_UDP_RCV_BUFF: 33554432

      ELASTIFLOW_SFLOW_IPV4_PORT: 6343
      ELASTIFLOW_SFLOW_UDP_WORKERS: 2
      ELASTIFLOW_SFLOW_UDP_QUEUE_SIZE: 4096
      ELASTIFLOW_SFLOW_UDP_RCV_BUFF: 33554432

      ELASTIFLOW_IPFIX_UDP_IPV4_PORT: 4739
      ELASTIFLOW_IPFIX_UDP_WORKERS: 2
      ELASTIFLOW_IPFIX_UDP_QUEUE_SIZE: 4096
      ELASTIFLOW_IPFIX_UDP_RCV_BUFF: 33554432