前言
有兴趣的同学,可以看我上一篇文章,然后再过来看会比较清楚点:https://www.cnblogs.com/yhc-910/p/14884678.html
springcache,简单说,就是用来根据条件缓存请求的结果,从而提高整体服务性能和请求速度。
springcache有四种注解
@Cacheable:核心注解,请求的返回值会进行缓存,下次请求前,会直接从缓存获取后返回,如缓存不存在,就进入请求并缓存返回(一般用于查询)
@CachePut:对请求的返回值进行缓存(一般用户更新)
@CacheEvict:清理缓存
@Cacheing:用户以上多个注解的组合,一般不会使用,有兴趣的同学可以查下相关资料
下面简单描述下,@Cacheable里的一些属性,其它注解基本字段一样
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface Cacheable {
@AliasFor("cacheNames")
String[] value() default {};
// cache别名
@AliasFor("value")
String\[\] cacheNames() default {};
// cache的key
String key() default "";
// 指定key的生成器,自定义需实现KeyGenerator
String keyGenerator() default "";
// cache管理器,文章使用redis进行存储
String cacheManager() default "";
// cache解析器,管理cache管理器
String cacheResolver() default "";
// 请求时条件判断,如符合则取缓存,若无缓存,则执行代码,返回时进行缓存
String condition() default "";
// 去除符合条件的数据
String unless() default "";
// 是否同步缓存
boolean sync() default false;
}
keyGenerator:key生成器,springcache提供了默认的生成器org.springframework.cache.interceptor.SimpleKeyGenerator,其实无非就是根据注解、方法、参数来生成。当然,我们也可以自定义,只需实现org.springframework.cache.interceptor.KeyGenerator即可
cacheManager:缓存管理器,默认使用ConCurrentHashMap来进行缓存,当然,如果接入redis,则默认使用redis来进行存储,cache已自动集成,如需自定义redis配置,可通过org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager实现
cacheResolver:缓存解析器,与cacheManager冲突,只需配置一个,有兴趣可自学
condition:请求时判断参数,如符合,则取缓存返回(正则表达式可自行前往官网查看)
unless:返回时判断结果,如符合,则从返回结果中过滤不进行缓存(正则表达式可自行前往官网查看)
sync:并发请求下,只会有一个请求进行缓存处理,其它请求等待
实战
1、添加依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
2、启动类添加注解@EnableCaching,接入springcache
3、添加redis配置(redis的信息,请自行配置)
@Bean
public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<String, Object>();
template.setConnectionFactory(factory);
// 指定序列化器
RedisSerializer<?> stringRS = new StringRedisSerializer();
RedisSerializer<?> objectRS = new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer();
template.setKeySerializer(stringRS);
template.setHashKeySerializer(stringRS);
template.setValueSerializer(objectRS);
template.setHashValueSerializer(objectRS);
// 初始化redis配置
template.afterPropertiesSet();
return template;
}
4、自定义缓存配置,设置RedisCacheManager
@Configuration
public class CacheConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport {
// 指定cachemanager【因cache默认指定的是RedisTemplate,所以此处进行指定设置】(引入redis时,spring会自动引入redis作为存储)\[否则,使用cafficeCache或者其它,比如guavacache\]
@Bean
public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
RedisCacheConfiguration cacheConfiguration =
RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig() // 创建默认缓存配置对象
.disableCachingNullValues() // 如果值为空,则不进行缓存
.entryTtl(Duration.ofMinutes(30)) // 设置缓存失效时间
.serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()))
.serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()));
return RedisCacheManager.builder(redisConnectionFactory).cacheDefaults(cacheConfiguration).build();
}
}
5、测试
返回String测试
@RestController
@RequestMapping("single")
public class SingleCacheTest {
private static final String CACHE\_KEY = "single";
protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());
@GetMapping("test")
public String test() throws Exception {
logger.info("single test come in");
return "success";
}
@Cacheable(value = CACHE\_KEY,sync = true)
@GetMapping("set")
public String set() throws Exception {
logger.info("single set come in");
return "success";
}
@CachePut(value = CACHE\_KEY)
@GetMapping("put")
public String put() throws Exception {
logger.info("single put come in");
return "success";
}
@CacheEvict(CACHE\_KEY)
@GetMapping("delete")
public String delete() throws Exception {
logger.info("single delete come in");
return "success";
}
}
返回对象测试
@RestController
@RequestMapping("object")
public class ObjectCacheTest {
private static final String CACHE\_KEY = "object";
protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());
@GetMapping(value = "test")
public People test() throws Exception {
logger.info("object test come in");
return new People("yhc", 30, "武汉");
}
@Cacheable(value = CACHE\_KEY, condition = "#name.equals('yhc')")
@GetMapping("put1")
public People put1(@RequestParam String name) throws Exception {
logger.info("object put1 come in");
return new People("yhc", 30, "武汉");
}
@Cacheable(value = CACHE\_KEY, unless = "#result.address.equals('武汉')")
@GetMapping("put2")
public People put2(@RequestParam String name) throws Exception {
logger.info("object put2 come in");
return new People("yhc", 30, "武汉");
}
@Cacheable(value = CACHE\_KEY, condition = "#name.equals('yhc')", unless = "#result.address.equals('武汉1')")
@GetMapping("put")
public People put(@RequestParam String name) throws Exception {
logger.info("object put come in");
return new People("yhc", 30, "武汉");
}
@CacheEvict(CACHE\_KEY)
@GetMapping("delete")
public People delete() throws Exception {
logger.info("object delete come in");
return new People("yhc", 30, "武汉");
}
}
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