SpringBoot3集成Redis
阅读原文时间:2023年08月15日阅读:5

目录

标签:Redis.Mybatis.Lock;

一、简介

缓存在项目开发中,基本上是必选组件之一,Redis作为一个key-value存储系统,具备极高的数据读写效率,并且支持的数据类型比较丰富,在业务场景中的应用非常广泛;

Redis典型的应用场景就是数据缓存能力,用来解决业务中最容易出现的查询性能问题,提升系统的响应效率;其次就是分布式锁机制,用来解决分布式系统中多线程并发处理资源的安全问题;

二、工程搭建

Redis的客户端使用的是lettuce组件的6.2.4.RELEASE版本,该组件具备可扩展和线程安全的特性,支持Redis各种高级功能,如哨兵,集群,流水线,自动重新连接等;

<!-- Redis组件 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring集成Redis组件 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-integration-redis</artifactId>
    <version>${spring-integration.version}</version>
</dependency>

配置文件,在lettuce组件中默认使用的是common-pool2连接池组件,在配置中定义几个常用的核心参数;

spring:
  # Redis配置
  data:
    redis:
      host: 127.0.0.1
      port: 6379
      database: 1
      # 读超时
      timeout: 3000
      # 连接超时
      connectTimeout: 5000
      # Lettuce连接池
      lettuce:
        pool:
          # 最小空闲连接
          min-idle: 5
          # 最大空闲连接
          max-idle: 10
          # 最大连接数
          max-active: 100
          # 连接分配应该阻塞的最大时间
          max-wait: 2000

配置类

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {

    /**
     * RedisTemplate模板
     */
    @Bean("redisTemplate")
    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate = new RedisTemplate<>();
        redisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(factory);
        redisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        return redisTemplate;
    }

    /**
     * StringRedisTemplate模板
     */
    @Bean
    public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate = new StringRedisTemplate();
        stringRedisTemplate.setConnectionFactory(factory);
        stringRedisTemplate.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        return stringRedisTemplate;
    }

    /**
     * Redis分布式锁
     */
    @Bean
    public RedisLockRegistry redisLockRegistry(RedisConnectionFactory factory){
        // 1、锁的密钥前缀:REDIS-LOCK
        // 2、锁的过期时间:20秒
        return new RedisLockRegistry(factory, "REDIS-LOCK",20000L);
    }
}

三、Redis用法

Redis文档中推荐使用brew工具安装的方式,本地环境中是4.1版本,可以搜索到redis@6.2,即安装该版本,并且可以使用brew命令管理Redis的启动和停止;

brew --version
Homebrew 4.1.0

brew search redis
==> Formulae
redis             redis-leveldb     redis@3.2         redis@4.0         redis@6.2

brew install redis@6.2

brew services start redis@6.2
==> Successfully started `redis@6.2` (label: homebrew.mxcl.redis@6.2)

brew services restart redis@6.2
==> Successfully stopped `redis@6.2` (label: homebrew.mxcl.redis@6.2)
==> Successfully started `redis@6.2` (label: homebrew.mxcl.redis@6.2)

brew services stop redis@6.2
==> Successfully stopped `redis@6.2` (label: homebrew.mxcl.redis@6.2)

配置Redis环境变量,这样可以在命令行使用Redis原生的指令进行启动和客户端操作,在测试完成之后,Mac系统本地的redis@6.2环境就配置好了;

open -e ~/.bash_profile

export REDIS_HOME=/usr/local/opt/redis@6.2
export PATH=$REDIS_HOME/bin:$PATH

source ~/.bash_profile

redis-server
Redis 6.2.13 ,Running in standalone mode , Port: 6379 , PID: 7966

redis-cli
127.0.0.1:6379> select 1
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> set redis-key redis-value
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get redis-key
"redis-value"
127.0.0.1:6379> del redis-key
(integer) 1

Strings:字符串是最基本的数据类型,表示一个字节序列,也是最常使用的类型,单个最大能够存储512MB

public void dataString () throws Exception {
    // 1、添加K-V缓存
    redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("key-01","value-01",300, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    // 2、添加JSON格式
    JsonMapper jsonMapper = new JsonMapper() ;
    String jsonVar = jsonMapper.writeValueAsString(new IdValue(1,"Json格式")) ;
    redisTemplate.opsForValue().set("key-02",jsonVar,500,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    Object key01 = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("key-01");
    Object key02 = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get("key-02");
    log.info("key01:{},key02:{}",key01,key02);
}

Lists:链表结构,可以有序的存储多个字符串值,基于数据左写入右读取的方式可以模拟消息队列,单个最大长度为2^32-1

public void dataList (){
    // 1、左侧写数据
    redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPushAll("data-list","value-01","value-02","value-03");
    // 2、右侧读数据
    Object rightPop01 = redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPop("data-list") ;
    Object rightPop02 = redisTemplate.opsForList().rightPop("data-list") ;
    log.info("rightPop01:{},rightPop02:{}",rightPop01,rightPop02);
}

Sets:用来存储无序的、唯一的字符串集合,通常用来跟踪分析唯一项的业务场景,比如唯一标签下的用户群,独立IP等;

public void dataSet (){
    // 1、写数据
    redisTemplate.opsForSet().add("data-set","Java","C++","Python","C++");
    // 2、读数据
    Object pop01 = redisTemplate.opsForSet().pop("data-set");
    Object pop02 = redisTemplate.opsForSet().pop("data-set");
    log.info("pop01:{},pop02:{}",pop01,pop02);
}

Hashes:Redis本身的K-V结构上,在value中可以再次使用K-V数据类型,在涉及大规模的关系型数据存储时,会优先使用该类型;

public void dataHash (){
    // 1、写数据
    HashMap<String,String> hashMap = new HashMap<>() ;
    hashMap.put("key1","value1") ;
    hashMap.put("key2","value2") ;
    redisTemplate.opsForHash().putAll("data-hash",hashMap);
    // 2、读数据
    Object kv1 = redisTemplate.opsForHash().get("data-hash","key1");
    Object kv2 = redisTemplate.opsForHash().get("data-hash","key2");
    log.info("kv1:{},kv2:{}",kv1,kv2);
}

Sorted-sets:唯一的字符串集合,但是可以通过每个字符串的相关分数来维持顺序,这里的分数可以表示排行顺序,也可以标识为对象的权重或优先级;

public void dataSortedSet (){
    // 1、写数据
    redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sorted-set","Java",1.0);
    redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sorted-set","Python",3.0);
    redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add("sorted-set","C++",2.0);
    // 2、读数据
    Object popMax = redisTemplate.opsForZSet().popMax("sorted-set");
    Object popMin = redisTemplate.opsForZSet().popMin("sorted-set");
    log.info("popMax:{},popMin:{}",popMax,popMin);
}

使用SETNX方法即代码中的setIfAbsent,如果key不存在,则设置key保存字符串的值,也就相当于SET,当key已经存在时,不执行任何操作;

@Service
public class RedisLockService {
    @Resource
    private RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate ;

    public Boolean lock (String lock,long timeout){
        return redisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(lock,lock,timeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
    public void unLock (String lock){
        Object lockVal = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(lock);
        if (!Objects.isNull(lockVal) && Objects.equals(lockVal.toString(),lock)){
            redisTemplate.delete(lock) ;
        }
    }
}

RedisLockRegistry是由spring-integration组件提供的封装类,基于Redis实现分布式锁的能力;有关于两种锁机制的测试,可以查看代码工程中RedisLockTest单元测试类,

@Service
public class LockRegistryService {

    @Resource
    protected RedisLockRegistry redisLockRegistry;

    /**
     * 尝试一次加锁
     */
    @SneakyThrows
    public <T> Boolean tryLock(T lockKey, Long time) {
        return redisLockRegistry.obtain(lockKey).tryLock(time, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    /**
     * 重试机制多次加锁
     */
    @SneakyThrows
    public <T> Boolean reTryLock(T lockKey, Long time,int retryNum) {
        Boolean lockFlag = tryLock(lockKey, time);
        if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(lockFlag)) {
            return Boolean.TRUE;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < retryNum; i++) {
            if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(tryLock(lockKey, time))){
                return Boolean.TRUE;
            }
        }
        return Boolean.FALSE;
    }

    /**
     * 释放锁
     */
    public <T> void unlock(T lockKey) {
        redisLockRegistry.obtain(lockKey).unlock();
    }
}

四、Mybatis缓存

在Mybatis框架中,一级缓存是指SqlSession级别内;二级缓存是指Mapper级别内,需要在配置文件中开启,二级缓存并不适用于频繁修改数据的业务场景;

配置文件

mybatis-plus:
  configuration:
    cache-enabled: true
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl

Mapper注解,这里使用自定义的MybatisCache类,并且使用Redis组件来缓存数据;

@CacheNamespace(implementation = MybatisCache.class)
public interface ArticleMapper extends BaseMapper<Article> {

}

通过实现Cache接口,来定义二级缓存的处理策略,可以运行MybatisTest测试类中的方法,分析其执行的原理,符合Cache-Aside模式,即先查询缓存,如果未命中就查询数据库,并将结果写入缓存,数据更新时会删除相关缓存;

public class MybatisCache implements Cache {

    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MybatisCache.class);

    private RedisTemplate<String,Object> redisTemplate ;

    private String id ;

    public MybatisCache (String id){
        log.info("mybatis...cache...id:{}",id);
        this.id = id ;
    }

    public RedisTemplate<String,Object> getRedisTemplate(){
        if(redisTemplate == null) {
            synchronized (MybatisCache.class) {
                if(redisTemplate == null) {
                    redisTemplate = SpringContextUtil.getBean("redisTemplate",RedisTemplate.class);
                    return redisTemplate;
                }
                return redisTemplate;
            }
        }
        return redisTemplate ;
    }
    @Override
    public String getId() {
        return this.id ;
    }

    @Override
    public void putObject(Object key, Object value) {
        log.info("mybatis...cache...put...key:{},value:{}",key,value);
        this.getRedisTemplate().opsForValue().set(String.valueOf(key),value,5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
    }

    @Override
    public Object getObject(Object key) {
        log.info("mybatis...cache...get...key:{}",key);
        return this.getRedisTemplate().opsForValue().get(String.valueOf(key)) ;
    }

    @Override
    public Object removeObject(Object key) {
        log.info("mybatis...cache...remove...key:{}",key);
        return this.getRedisTemplate().delete(String.valueOf(key));
    }

    @Override
    public void clear() {
        Set<String> keys = this.getRedisTemplate().keys("*" + id + "*");
        if (keys != null && keys.size()>0){
            log.info("mybatis...cache...clear...keys:{}",keys);
            this.getRedisTemplate().delete(keys) ;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getSize() {
        Set<String> keys = this.getRedisTemplate().keys("*" + id + "*");
        if (keys != null){
            log.info("mybatis...cache...size...keys:{}",keys.size());
            return keys.size() ;
        }
        return 0;
    }
}

五、参考源码

文档仓库:
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-java-note

源码仓库:
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-spring-parent