MySQL创建表分区

create table erp_bill_index(
id int primary key auto_increment,
addtime datetime
);
insert into erp_bill_index(addtime)
values
('2018-02-01 12:00:00'),
('2018-03-01 12:00:00'),
('2018-04-01 12:00:00'),
('2018-05-01 12:00:00'),
('2018-06-01 12:00:00'),
('2018-07-01 12:00:00'),
('2018-08-01 12:00:00'),
('2018-09-01 12:00:00'),
('2018-10-01 12:00:00'),
('2018-11-01 12:00:00'),
('2018-12-01 12:00:00'),
('2019-01-01 12:00:00'),
('2019-02-01 12:00:00'),
('2019-03-01 12:00:00'),
('2019-04-01 12:00:00'),
('2019-05-01 12:00:00'),
('2019-06-01 12:00:00'),
('2019-07-01 12:00:00'),
('2019-08-01 12:00:00'),
('2019-09-01 12:00:00'),
('2019-10-01 12:00:00'),
('2019-11-01 12:00:00'),
('2019-12-01 12:00:00');

alter table erp_bill_index drop primary key;-- 删除主键，在删除主键的时候，这个自增会让该语句执行失败，先取消字段自增，然后执行该语句后，再加上自增
alter table erp_bill_index add primary key(id,addtime);-- 添加主键，（分区要求：分区中使用的字段必须都包含在主键当中）

-- 创建分区(分区要求：分区中使用的字段必须都包含在主键当中)
ALTER TABLE erp_bill_index PARTITION by RANGE(to_days(addtime))
(
PARTITION p201801 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2018-02-01')),
PARTITION p201802 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2018-03-01')),
PARTITION p201803 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2018-04-01')),
PARTITION p201804 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2018-05-01')),
PARTITION p201805 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2018-06-01')),
PARTITION p201806 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2018-07-01')),
PARTITION p201807 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2018-08-01')),
PARTITION p201808 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2018-09-01')),
PARTITION p201809 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2018-10-01')),
PARTITION p201810 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2018-11-01')),
PARTITION p201811 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2018-12-01')),
PARTITION p201812 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2019-01-01')),
PARTITION p201901 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2019-02-01')),
PARTITION p201902 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2019-03-01')),
PARTITION p201903 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2019-04-01')),
PARTITION p300012 VALUES LESS THAN (9223372036854775807) -- 剩下的放在一个分区中，当需要对这部分进行再次分区的时候，需要先删除该分区，然后再添加多个分区
);

-- 删除分区
ALTER TABLE erp_bill_index DROP PARTITION p300012;
-- 添加新的分区
alter table erp_bill_index add PARTITION
(
PARTITION p201905 VALUES LESS THAN (to_days('2019-06-01')) ENGINE = InnoDB,
PARTITION p300012 VALUES LESS THAN (9223372036854775807)
);

mysql执行分析参考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45310179/article/details/99591496