使用d3.js实现中国地图及中国地图下钻到省市区

在可视化开发中，地图是很重要的一个环节，很多时候需要展现的不仅是国家地图，还需要能从国家进入到省市，看到区这样的下钻过程，今天我们就来实现这个效果。

因为地图数据过于庞大，例子中删除了除北京外其他的地市信息。所以，请点击北京查看效果，其他省没效果。

点击北京市查看效果，其他区域切换效果，空白区域返回全国。
http://en.jsrun.net/mviKp/show

首先准备地图json数据

这里只展示部分数据，文章末尾会有完整数据

var chinajson = {"type": "FeatureCollection",
    "features":
        [
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            {"type": "Feature","properties":{"id":"110228","name":"密云县","cp":[117.0923,40.5121],"childNum":1},"geometry":{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[116.7586,40.7064],[116.7847,40.7016],[116.7888,40.714],[116.7902,40.727],[116.7819,40.7524],[116.7833,40.7579],[116.7902,40.7517],[116.8025,40.7462],[116.819,40.7504],[116.8272,40.749],[116.8396,40.7607],[116.8341,40.7703],[116.8506,40.7751],[116.8506,40.7785],[116.8671,40.7847],[116.8629,40.7922],[116.8712,40.7943],[116.8739,40.7991],[116.8808,40.7977],[116.8863,40.8012],[116.8959,40.7936],[116.8945,40.7819],[116.8973,40.7778],[116.9234,40.7737],[116.9247,40.7627],[116.9289,40.7565],[116.9234,40.7524],[116.9261,40.7449],[116.9412,40.7401],[116.9453,40.7284],[116.9563,40.7229],[116.9659,40.714],[116.9646,40.7092],[117.0044,40.6968],[117.0195,40.6954],[117.0305,40.692],[117.0497,40.7002],[117.084,40.7023],[117.0964,40.7057],[117.1115,40.7071],[117.117,40.6995],[117.1225,40.7009],[117.1527,40.6968],[117.1664,40.6989],[117.1788,40.6934],[117.1829,40.6975],[117.2063,40.6947],[117.231,40.6844],[117.242,40.6769],[117.2612,40.681],[117.2777,40.6666],[117.2914,40.6597],[117.3257,40.6604],[117.3367,40.6631],[117.3367,40.6666],[117.3463,40.6741],[117.3615,40.6748],[117.3903,40.6837],[117.4068,40.6865],[117.4205,40.6865],[117.4507,40.6796],[117.4644,40.6734],[117.4796,40.6776],[117.4947,40.6748],[117.5056,40.6666],[117.507,40.6549],[117.5029,40.6528],[117.5015,40.6364],[117.4796,40.6357],[117.4713,40.6474],[117.448,40.6419],[117.4301,40.6405],[117.4219,40.6377],[117.4178,40.6185],[117.4136,40.6062],[117.4205,40.5945],[117.4232,40.5821],[117.4301,40.5787],[117.426,40.5732],[117.4205,40.5691],[117.404,40.5739],[117.4013,40.5698],[117.3944,40.567],[117.3889,40.5615],[117.3766,40.5663],[117.3656,40.5759],[117.3505,40.5801],[117.334,40.5766],[117.3106,40.5766],[117.2955,40.567],[117.2667,40.5581],[117.2502,40.5485],[117.253,40.5416],[117.2502,40.5375],[117.2598,40.5196],[117.2475,40.5121],[117.2392,40.5176],[117.2337,40.5135],[117.2131,40.5128],[117.2104,40.5073],[117.209,40.497],[117.2173,40.4949],[117.2282,40.4812],[117.2255,40.4778],[117.2365,40.4688],[117.2351,40.4578],[117.2639,40.4414],[117.2571,40.4297],[117.2502,40.429],[117.2337,40.4166],[117.2324,40.4036],[117.2392,40.3988],[117.2406,40.3947],[117.2365,40.394],[117.2351,40.3892],[117.2282,40.3857],[117.2241,40.3754],[117.2186,40.3775],[117.209,40.3734],[117.1925,40.3761],[117.1774,40.3748],[117.1637,40.3706],[117.172,40.372],[117.172,40.3672],[117.139,40.3624],[117.1184,40.3548],[117.1129,40.3542],[117.1005,40.3603],[117.0593,40.3377],[117.0538,40.337],[117.0525,40.3439],[117.0374,40.3473],[117.0236,40.337],[117.0126,40.326],[117.0113,40.3082],[117.0058,40.3027],[117.0003,40.302],[117.0044,40.2958],[116.9728,40.2848],[116.9522,40.2621],[116.9495,40.2567],[116.9659,40.2374],[116.9536,40.2292],[116.9412,40.2237],[116.9316,40.2306],[116.9206,40.223],[116.9028,40.2244],[116.8973,40.2319],[116.8918,40.2347],[116.8932,40.2415],[116.8739,40.2683],[116.8753,40.2759],[116.8712,40.2889],[116.8588,40.2917],[116.8492,40.3102],[116.8341,40.3082],[116.8272,40.2985],[116.8231,40.2862],[116.819,40.2834],[116.808,40.2869],[116.7888,40.2889],[116.7833,40.2793],[116.7696,40.2731],[116.7517,40.2752],[116.7448,40.2793],[116.7352,40.2793],[116.7435,40.2889],[116.7435,40.2944],[116.7668,40.3143],[116.7696,40.3219],[116.7682,40.3253],[116.7517,40.3267],[116.7503,40.3315],[116.7448,40.3349],[116.7448,40.3391],[116.7297,40.3349],[116.7311,40.3391],[116.7229,40.3397],[116.727,40.361],[116.7188,40.361],[116.7188,40.3693],[116.7133,40.3686],[116.7064,40.3761],[116.7119,40.3802],[116.7091,40.3871],[116.7119,40.3919],[116.7215,40.396],[116.7242,40.4036],[116.7242,40.4166],[116.7201,40.4235],[116.7188,40.4297],[116.7201,40.4386],[116.7229,40.4427],[116.7229,40.4475],[116.7078,40.4661],[116.7009,40.4812],[116.6927,40.4881],[116.6982,40.4942],[116.7009,40.508],[116.7119,40.5183],[116.7133,40.5231],[116.7174,40.5251],[116.7091,40.532],[116.7091,40.543],[116.6776,40.5519],[116.6844,40.554],[116.6982,40.5656],[116.7064,40.5643],[116.7146,40.5746],[116.7119,40.5849],[116.7091,40.5904],[116.7105,40.6007],[116.705,40.6027],[116.7078,40.6075],[116.7023,40.6151],[116.7064,40.624],[116.7023,40.6316],[116.7119,40.6425],[116.7119,40.6556],[116.7091,40.6618],[116.7146,40.668],[116.7146,40.6796],[116.7311,40.6913],[116.7476,40.6968],[116.7586,40.7064]]]}},
            {"type": "Feature","properties":{"id":"110116","name":"怀柔区","cp":[116.6377,40.6219],"childNum":1},"geometry":{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[116.5169,40.5773],[116.5224,40.5814],[116.532,40.5924],[116.5361,40.6041],[116.5334,40.6082],[116.5416,40.6268],[116.5636,40.6281],[116.5691,40.6247],[116.5732,40.6309],[116.5746,40.6364],[116.5649,40.6371],[116.5512,40.6425],[116.5416,40.6432],[116.5375,40.6535],[116.5279,40.6528],[116.5196,40.657],[116.5196,40.6645],[116.5128,40.6721],[116.4867,40.6748],[116.4839,40.6783],[116.488,40.6899],[116.5004,40.6968],[116.5004,40.705],[116.5045,40.7078],[116.5045,40.7201],[116.51,40.7249],[116.51,40.7311],[116.5141,40.7414],[116.5018,40.7469],[116.5004,40.76],[116.4922,40.7627],[116.4812,40.771],[116.4661,40.7723],[116.4592,40.797],[116.4523,40.7984],[116.4427,40.8073],[116.4386,40.8183],[116.4249,40.8231],[116.407,40.8334],[116.4056,40.841],[116.3974,40.852],[116.3919,40.8554],[116.3892,40.8623],[116.3823,40.8636],[116.3342,40.9055],[116.3342,40.92],[116.3411,40.9309],[116.3548,40.9364],[116.3589,40.9364],[116.3658,40.9433],[116.3713,40.9433],[116.3782,40.9364],[116.3919,40.9145],[116.4015,40.9055],[116.4153,40.9007],[116.4304,40.9035],[116.4372,40.8994],[116.4606,40.9],[116.4647,40.8959],[116.4743,40.8973],[116.4771,40.9],[116.4757,40.9124],[116.4674,40.9316],[116.4619,40.933],[116.4565,40.9447],[116.4482,40.9543],[116.4537,40.9666],[116.4565,40.9783],[116.4633,40.9845],[116.4743,40.9783],[116.4853,40.9824],[116.4935,40.9783],[116.5169,40.9756],[116.5196,40.9818],[116.5416,40.9907],[116.5471,40.9879],[116.5581,40.9886],[116.5594,40.9927],[116.5746,40.9879],[116.5855,40.9797],[116.5993,40.9756],[116.6144,40.9852],[116.6171,40.9927],[116.6158,41.0044],[116.6212,41.0161],[116.6226,41.0278],[116.6144,41.0367],[116.6185,41.049],[116.6158,41.0532],[116.6254,41.0552],[116.6309,41.0607],[116.6377,41.0607],[116.6487,41.0573],[116.6583,41.0504],[116.683,41.0415],[116.6899,41.0442],[116.6982,41.0257],[116.6968,41.0161],[116.6913,41.0126],[116.6913,41.0085],[116.6844,41.0003],[116.683,40.9948],[116.6844,40.9824],[116.6776,40.9763],[116.6776,40.9721],[116.6872,40.9618],[116.6913,40.9502],[116.7023,40.9412],[116.7064,40.9344],[116.7174,40.9357],[116.7242,40.9296],[116.716,40.9186],[116.7133,40.9103],[116.7256,40.9035],[116.7311,40.8973],[116.7366,40.8973],[116.7517,40.8911],[116.7599,40.8904],[116.7586,40.8836],[116.7709,40.8808],[116.7833,40.8733],[116.7929,40.8643],[116.7984,40.854],[116.8025,40.8513],[116.8025,40.843],[116.8053,40.8403],[116.8121,40.8479],[116.8204,40.8485],[116.8231,40.843],[116.8369,40.8417],[116.8561,40.8348],[116.8602,40.8293],[116.8616,40.8252],[116.8753,40.8218],[116.8808,40.8149],[116.8822,40.8032],[116.8863,40.8012],[116.8808,40.7977],[116.8739,40.7991],[116.8712,40.7943],[116.8629,40.7922],[116.8671,40.7847],[116.8506,40.7785],[116.8506,40.7751],[116.8341,40.7703],[116.8396,40.7607],[116.8272,40.749],[116.819,40.7504],[116.8025,40.7462],[116.7902,40.7517],[116.7833,40.7579],[116.7819,40.7524],[116.7902,40.727],[116.7888,40.714],[116.7847,40.7016],[116.7586,40.7064],[116.7476,40.6968],[116.7311,40.6913],[116.7146,40.6796],[116.7146,40.668],[116.7091,40.6618],[116.7119,40.6556],[116.7119,40.6425],[116.7023,40.6316],[116.7064,40.624],[116.7023,40.6151],[116.7078,40.6075],[116.705,40.6027],[116.7105,40.6007],[116.7091,40.5904],[116.7119,40.5849],[116.7146,40.5746],[116.7064,40.5643],[116.6982,40.5656],[116.6844,40.554],[116.6776,40.5519],[116.7091,40.543],[116.7091,40.532],[116.7174,40.5251],[116.7133,40.5231],[116.7119,40.5183],[116.7009,40.508],[116.6982,40.4942],[116.6927,40.4881],[116.7009,40.4812],[116.7078,40.4661],[116.7229,40.4475],[116.7229,40.4427],[116.7201,40.4386],[116.7188,40.4297],[116.7201,40.4235],[116.7242,40.4166],[116.7242,40.4036],[116.7215,40.396],[116.7119,40.3919],[116.7091,40.3871],[116.7119,40.3802],[116.7064,40.3761],[116.7133,40.3686],[116.7188,40.3693],[116.7188,40.361],[116.727,40.361],[116.7229,40.3397],[116.7311,40.3391],[116.7297,40.3349],[116.7448,40.3391],[116.7448,40.3349],[116.7503,40.3315],[116.7517,40.3267],[116.7682,40.3253],[116.7696,40.3219],[116.7668,40.3143],[116.7435,40.2944],[116.7435,40.2889],[116.7352,40.2793],[116.7229,40.2697],[116.705,40.2484],[116.6927,40.2395],[116.6844,40.2292],[116.6762,40.2319],[116.6707,40.2443],[116.6762,40.2477],[116.6762,40.2553],[116.6652,40.2621],[116.6432,40.2573],[116.6267,40.2608],[116.6212,40.2505],[116.6034,40.2512],[116.6006,40.2608],[116.591,40.2656],[116.5883,40.2718],[116.5704,40.2773],[116.554,40.2773],[116.5388,40.2718],[116.5265,40.2621],[116.51,40.2587],[116.4839,40.2738],[116.4798,40.28],[116.4702,40.2807],[116.4647,40.2855],[116.4551,40.2889],[116.4482,40.2999],[116.4441,40.3027],[116.4551,40.313],[116.4468,40.3233],[116.4386,40.3246],[116.4345,40.3288],[116.4166,40.3308],[116.407,40.3356],[116.3947,40.3363],[116.3919,40.3391],[116.3878,40.3487],[116.3809,40.3528],[116.3672,40.3672],[116.3452,40.3734],[116.3287,40.3851],[116.3109,40.3892],[116.2903,40.3837],[116.2875,40.405],[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          ]};

格式化后，可以看出这个json文件比其他地图json中，多了两个属性。
scale，这个区域的缩放系数。
childNum,下级包含的个数。

绘制地图

var height = 600;
var width = 600;
var texts,centered;
var color  = {
    lineColor:"#4AFFFE",
    pointColor:"#fbcd2c",
    lightColor:"#4affff",
    areaColor:["#09373a","#11545c","#0b6c79","#769398"],
    locationBgColor:"#0e403f",
    pointTextColor:"#fff",
    haveSelectColor:"#1c2b2b"
};
var scale = 1;
var projection = d3.geo.mercator()
    .center([100, 36])
    .scale(800)
    .translate([width / 2, height / 2]);
var path = d3.geo.path()
    .projection(projection);
var svg = d3.select("#map").append('svg')
    .attr('id',"mapSvg")
    .attr('width',width)
    .attr('height',height);

svg.append("rect")
    .attr("class", "background")
    .attr("width", width)
    .attr("height", height)
    .on("click", clicked);

var mapG = svg.append('g')
    .attr('id',"mapG");

mapG.selectAll("path")
    .data(chinajson.features)
    .enter()
    .append("path")
    .attr("stroke",color.lineColor)
    .attr("stroke-width", 1)
    .attr("fill","#000")
    .attr("id", function(d) {
        return "path" + d.properties.id;
    })
    .attr("style","display:block")
    .attr("class", function(d) {
        if (d.properties.id.length > 2) {
            return "location"
        }else{
            return "distribution"
        }
    })
    .attr("style","cursor:pointer;")
    .attr("d", path)
    .on("mouseover", function(d){
        d3.select(this).attr("stroke-width",5/self.scale + "px");
        d3.select(this).attr("stroke",color.pointColor);
    })
    .on("mouseout",function(d){

        if(d3.select(this).attr("active") == "false" || d.properties.id.length<=2 || !d3.select(this).attr("active")) {
            d3.select(this)
                .attr("stroke", color.lineColor)
                .attr("stroke-width",1/scale + "px");
        }
    })
    .on("click",function(d){
        if(d.properties.id.length<=2){
            clicked(d)
        };
        if(d.properties.id.length>2){
            d3.select(".point-info").attr("style","display:block;");
            mapG.selectAll("path")
                .attr("stroke",color.lineColor)
                .attr("stroke-width",1/scale + "px")
                .attr("active","false");

            d3.select(this)
                .attr("stroke",self.color.pointColor)
                .attr("stroke-width",5/scale + "px")
                .attr("active","true");
        }
    });

texts = mapG.append("g")
    .attr("class", "texts")
    .selectAll("text")
    .data(chinajson.features)
    .enter().append("text")
    .attr("class", function(d) {
        if (d.properties.id.length > 2) {
            return "location"
        }else{
            return "distribution"
        }
    })
    .text(function(d) {
        return d.properties.name;
    })
    .attr("id", function(d) {
        return "text" + d.properties.id;
    })
    .attr("transform", function(d) {
        var centroid = path.centroid(d),
            x = centroid[0],
            y = centroid[1];
        return "translate(" + x + ", " + y + ")";
    })
    .attr('fill', '#1E9AAD')
    .attr('font-size', '14px')
    .attr("style","cursor:pointer;");

d3.selectAll(".location").attr("style","display:none");

和普通的绘制没太大区别，区别在于利用每一块的properties属性中id的长度分辨其层级，比如北京的id长度是2，海淀区的id长度是6.

实现点击缩放

function clicked(d) {
    var x, y, k;
    if (d && centered !== d) {
        var centroid = path.centroid(d);
        x = centroid[0];
        y = centroid[1];
        if(d.properties.id == "46"){
            y = y+10;
        }
        if(d.properties.scale){
            k = d.properties.scale;
        }else{
            k=scale
        }
        scale = k;
        centered = d;
        $(".re-show").css("display","block");
         mapChange("open",d);
    } else {
        x = width / 2;
        y = height / 2;
        k = 1;
        scale = 1;
        centered = null;
        $(".re-show").css("display","none");
        mapChange("close");
    }

    mapG.selectAll("path")
        .classed("active", centered && function(d) { return d === centered; });

    mapG.transition()
        .duration(750)
        .attr("transform", "translate(" + width / 2 + "," + height / 2 + ")scale(" + k + ")translate(" + -x + "," + -y + ")")
        .style("stroke-width", 1.5 / k + "px");
}

这个缩放看起来复杂其实很简单，就是放大整个地图，并把地图的中心位置改为当前点击省市的中心，这样看起来就会有点哪里哪里放大的效果。因为不同省市的区域面积不相同，所以不同的省市放大的倍数也不相同，这时就要根据json中的scale来确定放大的倍数。

地图缩放变化所带来的其他改变

function mapChange(flag, d) {
  if (flag == "open") {
    var disId = d.properties.id;

    if (disId.length < 3) {
      chinajson.features.forEach(function(n) {
        if (n.properties.id.length > 2 && n.properties.id.substr(0, 2) === disId) {
          d3.select("#path" + n.properties.id)
            .attr("style", "display:block")
            .attr("stroke-width", 1 / scale + "px")
            .attr("fill", "#1b5c5b");
          d3.select("#text" + n.properties.id)
            .attr("style", "display:block")
            .attr("font-size", 0.8 + "px");
        } else {
          if (n.properties.id.length <= 2 && n.properties.id != disId) {
            d3.select(".point-info").attr("style", "display:none;");
            d3.select("#path" + n.properties.id)
              .attr("style", "opacity:0.2")
              .attr("stroke-width", "0.3px");
            d3.select("#text" + n.properties.id)
              .attr("style", "display:none")
              .attr("font-size", "3px");
          } else {
            d3.select("#path" + n.properties.id)
              .attr("style", "display:none")
              .attr("stroke-width", "0.2px");
            d3.select("#text" + n.properties.id)
              .attr("style", "display:none")
              .attr("font-size", "1px");
          }
        }
      })

    }
  } else {

    d3.selectAll(".location").attr("style", "display:none");
    d3.selectAll("text").attr("font-size", "14px");
    d3.selectAll("path").attr("stroke-width", "1px");
    d3.selectAll(".distribution").attr("style", "display:block");
  }
}

这里随区域缩放变化的属性主要有线的粗细及字体的大小，根据当前缩放倍数确定即可。

这个地图文件是我呕心沥血整理及修改的。包括了全国的省市区坐标及各项属性。望大家妥善使用。

https://pan.baidu.com/s/1eSALqSU

本文转载于:猿2048D3.js中国地图下钻