实验16-1. 帧中继多点子接口

Ø    实验目的
通过本实验，读者可以掌握如下技能：
（1） 帧中继的基本配置
（2） 帧中继的静态映射
（3） 多点子接口的应用
Ø     实验拓扑

实验步骤
n  步骤1：配置R4模拟FRSW
R4(config)#no ip routing
R4(config)#frame-relay switching
//启用帧中继交换

R4(config)#int s1/0
R4(config-if)#no sh
R4(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R4(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
R4(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R4(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R4(config-if)#frame-relay route 102 interface s1/1 201
R4(config-if)#frame-relay route 103 interface s1/2 301
//配置帧中继路由

R4(config)#int s1/1
R4(config-if)#no sh
R4(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R4(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R4(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R4(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
R4(config-if)#frame-relay route 201 interface s1/0 102

R4(config)#int s1/2
R4(config-if)#no sh
R4(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R4(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
R4(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R4(config-if)#frame-relay intf-type dce
R4(config-if)#frame-relay route 301 interface s1/0 103

n  步骤2： DTE的配置
R1(config)#int s1/0
R1(config-if)#no ip address   //主接口下不需要IP 地址
R1(config-if)#encap frame-relay    //封装帧中继
R1(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp //关闭自动映射
R1(config-if)#no shut

R1(config)#int s1/0.2 multipoint   //创建点到多点子接口
R1(config-subif)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.2 102 broadcast  
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.3 103 broadcast
  //配置帧中继映射

【提示】可以使用“no interface s1/0.2”命令来删除子接口，然而需要重新启动路由器，该子接口才真正被删除。
R1(config-if)#frame-relay lmi-type cisco
//如果采用的是cisco 路由器且IOS 是11.2 及以后版本的，路由器可以自动适应LMI 的类型，则本步骤可不做。国内帧中继线路一般采用ansi 的LMI 信令类型，我们这里采用的是cisco。
  R2(config)#int s1/1
  R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp //关闭自动映射
R2(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 201 broadcast

R3(config)#int s1/2
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp //关闭自动映射
R3(config-if)#frame-relay map ip 192.168.1.1 301 broadcast

n     步骤3：测试连通性
从各个路由器ping 其他路由器：
R1#ping 192.168.1.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/34/84 ms
R1#ping 192.168.1.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.3, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 4/27/96 ms

Ø    实验调试
   可以使用“show frame-relay map”、“show frame pvc”、“show frame lmi”等命令检查帧中继交换机是否正常
R1#show frame-relay map
Serial1/0.2 (up): ip 192.168.1.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static,
              broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/0.2 (up): ip 192.168.1.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), static,
              broadcast,
              CISCO, status defined, active

从命令输出中可以得到的信息有：
n    192.168.1.2 映射到102
n    Static：表明是静态手工的
n    Broadcast：该PVC 允许广播包的通过
n    Active：该PVC 是激活的
该命令是很重要的一条命令，如果在映射表中不存在映射，路由器将无法通信。可以使用名命令“clear frame-relay inarp”命令清除无效的帧中继映射表。

R1#show frame-relay pvc

PVC Statistics for interface Serial1/0 (Frame Relay DTE)

Active     Inactive      Deleted       Static
  Local          2            0            0            0
  Switched       0            0            0            0
  Unused         4            0            0            0

DLCI = 102, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0.2

input pkts 15            output pkts 15           in bytes 1560      
  out bytes 1560           dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0         
  out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0         
  in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0         
  out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 0             out DE pkts 0         
  out bcast pkts 0         out bcast bytes 0         
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  pvc create time 00:15:23, last time pvc status changed 00:14:23
          
DLCI = 103, DLCI USAGE = LOCAL, PVC STATUS = ACTIVE, INTERFACE = Serial1/0.2
          
  input pkts 21            output pkts 30           in bytes 2114      
  out bytes 3120           dropped pkts 0           in pkts dropped 0         
  out pkts dropped 0                out bytes dropped 0         
  in FECN pkts 0           in BECN pkts 0           out FECN pkts 0         
  out BECN pkts 0          in DE pkts 0             out DE pkts 0         
  out bcast pkts 0         out bcast bytes 0         
  5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
  pvc create time 00:15:35, last time pvc status changed 00:14:35
从命令输出中可以得到的信息有：
n    DLCI = 102：表明该PVC 的DLCI 为102
n    PVC STATUS = ACTIVE：表明PVC 的状态是激活的；若PVC STATUS = INACTIVE—表明远端路由器没正确配置；若PVC STATUS = DELETED—表明输入了错误的DLCI，该PVC 不存在。

R1#show frame-relay lmi

LMI Statistics for interface Serial1/0(Frame Relay DTE) LMI TYPE = ANSI
  Invalid Unnumbered info 0             Invalid Prot Disc 0
  Invalid dummy Call Ref 0              Invalid Msg Type 0
  Invalid Status Message 0              Invalid Lock Shift 0
  Invalid Information ID 0              Invalid Report IE Len 0
  Invalid Report Request 0              Invalid Keep IE Len 0
  Num Status Enq. Sent 103              Num Status msgs Rcvd 104
  Num Update Status Rcvd 0              Num Status Timeouts 0
  Last Full Status Req 00:00:17         Last Full Status Rcvd 00:00:17

从命令输出中可以得到的信息有：
n    LMI TYPE = ANSI：表明帧中继LMI 类型为ANSI；
n    Frame Relay DTE：这是帧中继DTE
n    Num Status Enq. Sent 103：表明路由器向帧中继交换机发送的LMI 状态查询消息的数量；
n    Num Status msgs Rcvd 104：表明路由器从帧中继交换机收到的LMI 状态信息数量

【提示】
在R1,R2,R3上运行RIP ,在R2上添加回环接口并宣告网段，在R3上查看是否能学到该网段
R2(config-if)#int lo0
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#net 2.0.0.0

注意：如果路由协议运行RIP，封装Frame-relay的物理接口默认关闭水平分割，multipoint默认启用水平分割
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

Gateway of last resort is not set

R    2.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:47, Serial1/2
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/2

实验16-2:帧中继点到点子接口

Ø     实验目的
通过本实验，读者可以掌握点到点子接口的配置
Ø     实验拓扑

实验步骤
n      步骤1：R1配置如下
R1(config)#interface serial1/0
R1(config-if)#no ip address
R1(config-if)#encap frame-relay
R1(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config)#int s1/0.2 point-to-point      //创建点到点子接口
R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 102
R1(config)#int s1/0.3 point-to-point
R1(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 103

R1(config)#int lo0
R1(config-if)#ip add 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0

n     步骤2：R2配置如下：
R2(config)#interface serial 1/1
R2(config-if)#no ip address
R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#int s1/1.1 point-to-point
R2(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 201
R2(config-subif)#exit
R2(config)#int lo0
R2(config-if)#ip add 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config)#router rip
R2(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0

n      步骤3：R3配置如下：
R3(config)#interface serial 1/2
R3(config-if)#no ip address
R3(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay
R3(config-if)#no frame-relay inverse-arp
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface serial 1/2.1 point-to-point
R3(config-subif)#ip address 192.168.2.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 301
R3(config-subif)#exit
R3(config)#int lo0
R3(config-if)#ip add 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config)#router rip
R3(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0

Ø    实验调试
在各个路由器上检查路由表，注意路由的下一跳。
R3#show ip route
R3#show ip rou
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route

Gateway of last resort is not set

R    1.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/2.1
R    2.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/2.1
     3.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
R    192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 192.168.2.1, 00:00:02, Serial1/2.1
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/2.1