服务网格Istio之pilot-xDS接口笔记
阅读原文时间:2024年05月19日阅读:1

本文转载自nino’s blog

本篇总结pilot的xDS常用接口,顺便浏览了部分pilot实现,下篇总结下istio的流量管理和服务发现的实现。简单来说istio做为管理面,集合了配置中心和服务中心两个功能,并把配置发现和服务发现以一组统一的xDS接口提供出来,数据面的envoy通过xDS获取需要的信息来做服务间通信和服务治理。

api v1 reference

Istio中部署pilot的启动方式是pilot-discovery discovery。初始化阶段依次init了各种模块,其中discovery service就是xDS相关实现。envoy API reference 可以查到v1和v2两个版本的API文档。envoy control plane 给了v2 grpc接口相关的数据结构和接口。

pilot-xDS是几个月前0.6.0版本的环境上实验的接口,今天在0.8.0上跑发现RDS和CDS都查不到配置了,心好累。追到对应版本的代码发现因为routerule的配置升级到v1alpha3 routing API之后,APIV1只支持原来route rule配置,APIV2才支持virtual service相关配置,所以0.8.0环境上RDS查不到信息。

sDS

Tips 最初看xDS的文档的时候,非常疑惑这些接口里的service-key service-node cluster-name到底是什么含义,在0.6.0版本中有个cache_stats接口,只要envoy调用过,这次查询记录就可以在cache_stats中看到。本节记录每个字段的含义和查询方式。

curl http://xx/v1/registration
curl http://xx/v1/registration/reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local\|http
curl http://xx/v1/registration/reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local\|http\|version=v2

pilot/pkg/proxy/envoy/v1/discovery.go 里v1接口文件中register函数完成了向go-restful注册服务。查询可以根据条件除了带上service-key,还可以在末尾带上labels,比如version=v2。在kube-service-registry当中service的查询是通过service endpoint 的shared informer查询的,可以很方便的匹配labels。

[{
   "service-key": "details.nino.svc.cluster.local|http",
   "hosts": [{
     "ip_address": "10.244.0.37",
     "port": 9080
   }]
  }, {
   "service-key": "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http",
   "hosts": [{
     "ip_address": "10.244.0.38",
     "port": 9080
    }, {
     "ip_address": "10.244.0.41",
     "port": 9080
    }, {
     "ip_address": "10.244.0.42",
     "port": 9080
    }]
}]

cDS

cDS的接口里的cluster_name和service_node可以通过envoy启动参数配置。其中cluster_name可以通过serviceCluster配置,service_node默认通过ENVOY_TYPE、POD_NAME、POD_NAMESPACE和INSTANCE_IP这些环境变量合成。

/v1/{:cluster_name}/{:service_node}

curl http://xx/v1/clusters/productpage/sidecar~10.244.0.40~productpage-v1-
8666ffbd7c-mf5f4.nino~nino.svc.cluster.local


{
  "clusters": [{
    "name": "in.9080",
    "connect_timeout_ms": 1000,
    "type": "static",
    "lb_type": "round_robin",
    "hosts": [{
      "url": "tcp://127.0.0.1:9080"
     }]
   },{
    "name": "out.ratings.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1",
    "service_name": "ratings.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1",
    "connect_timeout_ms": 1000,
    "type": "sds",
    "lb_type": "round_robin"
   },{
    "name": "out.reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1",
    "service_name": "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1",
    "connect_timeout_ms": 1000,
    "type": "sds",
    "lb_type": "round_robin"
   },{
    "name": "out.reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v2",
    "service_name": "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v2",
    "connect_timeout_ms": 1000,
    "type": "sds",
    "lb_type": "round_robin"
   }]
 }

rDS

接口类似cDS,通过istioctl创建了route rule之后可以通过routes查到结果。下面的例子是发布了关于reviews服务的权重规则。可以通过以下RDS接口查到对应的权重规则。

/v1/{:route_config_name}/{:cluster_name}/{:service_node}

curl http://xx/v1/routes/9080/productpage/sidecar~10.244.0.40~
productpage-v1-8666ffbd7c-mf5f4.nino~nino.svc.cluster.local


{
  "validate_clusters": true,
  "virtual_hosts": [
   {
    "name": "ratings.nino.svc.cluster.local|http",
    "domains": [
     "ratings:9080",
     "ratings",
     "ratings.nino:9080",
     "ratings.nino",
     "ratings.nino.svc:9080",
     "ratings.nino.svc",
     "ratings.nino.svc.cluster:9080",
     "ratings.nino.svc.cluster",
     "ratings.nino.svc.cluster.local:9080",
     "ratings.nino.svc.cluster.local",
     "10.101.178.48:9080",
     "10.101.178.48"
    ],
    "routes": [
     {
      "prefix": "/",
      "cluster": "out.ratings.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1",
      "timeout_ms": 0,
      "decorator": {
       "operation": "ratings-default"
      }
     }
    ]
   },
   {
    "name": "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http",
    "domains": [
     "reviews:9080",
     "reviews",
     "reviews.nino:9080",
     "reviews.nino",
     "reviews.nino.svc:9080",
     "reviews.nino.svc",
     "reviews.nino.svc.cluster:9080",
     "reviews.nino.svc.cluster",
     "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local:9080",
     "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local",
     "10.108.121.171:9080",
     "10.108.121.171"
    ],
    "routes": [
     {
      "prefix": "/",
      "weighted_clusters": {
       "clusters": [
        {
         "name": "out.reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1",
         "weight": 50
        },
        {
         "name": "out.reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v2",
         "weight": 50
        }
       ]
      },
      "timeout_ms": 0,
      "decorator": {
       "operation": "reviews-default"
      }
     }
    ]
   }
  ]
 }

api v2 reference

eds http debug

虽然v2是grpc的接口,但是pilot提供了InitDebug,可以通过debug接口查询服务和routes等服务和配置信息。比如下面是edsz的debug接口。

curl http://10.99.241.12:8080/debug/edsz


[{
    "clusterName": "outbound|9080||reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local",
    "endpoints": [{
        "lbEndpoints": [{
            "endpoint": {
                "address": {
                    "socketAddress": {
                        "address": "10.244.0.56",
                        "portValue": 9080
                    }
                }
            }
        }, {
            "endpoint": {
                "address": {
                    "socketAddress": {
                        "address": "10.244.0.58",
                        "portValue": 9080
                    }
                }
            }
        }, {
            "endpoint": {
                "address": {
                    "socketAddress": {
                        "address": "10.244.2.25",
                        "portValue": 9080
                    }
                }
            }
        }]
    }]
}, {
    "clusterName": "outbound|9080|v3|reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local",
    "endpoints": [{
        "lbEndpoints": [{
            "endpoint": {
                "address": {
                    "socketAddress": {
                        "address": "10.244.0.58",
                        "portValue": 9080
                    }
                }
            }
        }]
    }]
}]

eds grpc

在envoy的go-control-plane接口定义中istio需要实现以下接口,结果pilot只实现了StreamEndpoints。看了下基本实现eds只需要DiscoveryRequest里的ResourceNames这个字段,其实跟v1的接口一样就是需要service-key。NodeId和TypeUrl可省略,后者默认就是EndpointType。

type EndpointDiscoveryServiceServer interface {
    StreamEndpoints(EndpointDiscoveryService_StreamEndpointsServer) error
    FetchEndpoints(context.Context, *DiscoveryRequest) (*DiscoveryResponse, error)
}

type EndpointDiscoveryService_StreamEndpointsServer interface {
    Send(*DiscoveryResponse) error
    Recv() (*DiscoveryRequest, error)
    grpc.ServerStream
}

这个ResourceNames支持两种格式,其中v1和version=v1可以没有,这个代表labels和新版定义的subsets。eds的解析里兼容两个版本的解析方式。

outbound|http|v1|istioserver.pilot.svc.cluster.local

istioserver.pilot.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1

istio/pilot/pkg/proxy/envoy/v2/eds.go

xds := xdsapi.NewEndpointDiscoveryServiceClient(conn)
edsstr, err := xds.StreamEndpoints(context.Background())
err = edsstr.Send(&xdsapi.DiscoveryRequest{
    ResourceNames: []string{"istioserver.pilot.svc.cluster.local|http|version=v1"},
    TypeUrl:       EndpointType,
})
res1, err := edsstr.Recv()
cla, err := getLoadAssignment(res1)

pilot把这个响应DiscoveryResponse的Resources字段用ClusterLoadAssignment代替。客户端需要getLoadAssignment从res1.Resources[0].Value反序列化出真正的响应结构。

github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy/api/v2/eds.pb.go

type ClusterLoadAssignment struct {
    ClusterName string 
    // List of endpoints to load balance to.
    Endpoints []envoy_api_v2_endpoint.LocalityLbEndpoints 
    // Load balancing policy settings.
    Policy *ClusterLoadAssignment_Policy
}

ads grpc

查询eds还有另一种方式ads,即Aggregated Discovery Service,它封装了下面这个接口。istio在实现过程中根据typeUrl识别xDS的类别。除了eds以外,其他lds rds cds都是由ads集成的,没有单独的xds接口了。

type AggregatedDiscoveryServiceServer interface {
    // This is a gRPC-only API.
    StreamAggregatedResources(AggregatedDiscoveryService_StreamAggregatedResourcesServer) error
}

当类型选择为EndpointType时,查询结果跟eds一致,不过ads接口要求NodeID必须在pilot缓存中存在。

xds := ads.NewAggregatedDiscoveryServiceClient(conn)
adser, err := xds.StreamAggregatedResources(context.Background())
err = adser.Send(&xdsapi.DiscoveryRequest{
    Node: &envoy_api_v2_core1.Node{
        Id: "sidecar~10.109.11.31~productpage-v1-586c4486b7-rk2rh.nino~nino.svc.cluster.local",
    },
    ResourceNames: []string{"istioserver.pilot.svc.cluster.local|http"},
    TypeUrl:       EndpointType,
})
res1, err := adser.Recv()
cla, err := getLoadAssignment(res1)

cds http debug

通过cdsz可以看到每个nodeID对应的clusters的配置,如果系统中用户没有发布subnets,从cds实际上查不到带tag或者说带version的信息。

curl http://10.99.241.12:8080/debug/cdsz

{
  "name": "outbound|8084||istioserver.pilot.svc.cluster.local",
  "type": "EDS",
  "edsClusterConfig": {
    "edsConfig": {
      "ads": {
      }
    },
    "serviceName": "outbound|8084||istioserver.pilot.svc.cluster.local"
  },
  "connectTimeout": "1.000s",
  "circuitBreakers": {
    "thresholds": [
      {
      }
    ]
  }
},

cds grpc

cds接口返回的数据是Cluster,包含了所有这个服务的配置信息。但因为目前用不到就布列出来了,具体定义见文件 github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy/api/v2/cds.pb.go

type Cluster struct {
    Name string 
    ...
    Type Cluster_DiscoveryType 
    EdsClusterConfig *Cluster_EdsClusterConfig 
    ConnectTimeout time.Duration 
    LbPolicy Cluster_LbPolicy 

    CircuitBreakers *envoy_api_v2_cluster.CircuitBreakers 
    ...
}

rds grpc

rds接口返回的数据结构是RouteConfiguration,这个RouteConfiguration对应的是新版本的路由配置格式,就是virtual service和destination rules这对规则。

github.com/envoyproxy/go-control-plane/envoy/api/v2/rds.pb.go

type RouteConfiguration struct {
    Name string
    VirtualHosts []envoy_api_v2_route.VirtualHost 
    InternalOnlyHeaders []string 
    ResponseHeadersToAdd []*envoy_api_v2_core1.HeaderValueOption 
    ResponseHeadersToRemove []string 
    RequestHeadersToAdd []*envoy_api_v2_core1.HeaderValueOption 
    ValidateClusters *google_protobuf.BoolValue 
}

看了数据结构注释,在RDS当中ResourceName填的是routeConfiguration的名字。

rds.Send(&xdsapi.DiscoveryRequest{
    ResponseNonce: time.Now().String(),
    Node: &envoy_api_v2_core1.Node{
        Id: "sidecar~10.244.0.58~reviews-v3-79fb5c99d5-d9k7b.nino~nino.svc.cluster.local",
    },
    ResourceNames: []string{"9080"},
    TypeUrl:       RouteType})

rds的查询结果实例如下,我就是发布了一个reviews的50%:50%的权重规则。

{
 "versionInfo": "2018-06-21 07:23:37.290525595 +0000 UTC m=+600.138437218",
 "resources": [
  {
   "@type": "type.googleapis.com/envoy.api.v2.RouteConfiguration",
   "name": "9080",
   "virtualHosts": [
    {
     "name": "productpage.nino.svc.cluster.local:9080",
     "domains": [
      "productpage.nino.svc.cluster.local",
      "productpage.nino.svc.cluster.local:9080",
      "productpage",
      "productpage:9080",
      "productpage.nino.svc.cluster",
      "productpage.nino.svc.cluster:9080",
      "productpage.nino.svc",
      "productpage.nino.svc:9080",
      "productpage.nino",
      "productpage.nino:9080",
      "10.109.11.31",
      "10.109.11.31:9080"
     ],
     "routes": [
      {
       "match": {
        "prefix": "/"
       },
       "route": {
        "cluster": "outbound|9080|v1|productpage.nino.svc.cluster.local",
        "useWebsocket": false
       },
       "decorator": {
        "operation": "productpage"
       }
      }
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local:9080",
     "domains": [
      "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local",
      "reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local:9080",
      "reviews",
      "reviews:9080",
      "reviews.nino.svc.cluster",
      "reviews.nino.svc.cluster:9080",
      "reviews.nino.svc",
      "reviews.nino.svc:9080",
      "reviews.nino",
      "reviews.nino:9080",
      "10.109.242.124",
      "10.109.242.124:9080"
     ],
     "routes": [
      {
       "match": {
        "prefix": "/"
       },
       "route": {
        "weightedClusters": {
         "clusters": [
          {
           "name": "outbound|9080|v2|reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local",
           "weight": 50
          },
          {
           "name": "outbound|9080|v3|reviews.nino.svc.cluster.local",
           "weight": 50
          }
         ]
        },
        "useWebsocket": false
       },
       "decorator": {
        "operation": "reviews"
       }
      }
     ]
    }
   ],
   "validateClusters": false
  }
 ],
 "typeUrl": "type.googleapis.com/envoy.api.v2.RouteConfiguration",
 "nonce": "2018-06-21 07:23:59.18418814 +0000 UTC m=+622.032099759"
}

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