SpringBoot3文件管理
阅读原文时间:2023年08月10日阅读:1

目录

标签:上传.下载.Excel.导入.导出;

一、简介

在项目中,文件管理是常见的复杂功能;

首先文件的类型比较多样,处理起来比较复杂,其次文件涉及大量的IO操作,容易引发内存溢出;

不同的文件类型有不同的应用场景;

比如:图片常用于头像和证明材料;Excel偏向业务数据导入导出;CSV偏向技术层面数据搬运;PDF和Word用于文档类的材料保存等;

下面的案例只围绕普通文件Excel两种类型进行代码实现;

二、工程搭建

普通文件的上传下载,依赖spring-boot框架即可,而Excel类型选择easyexcel组件,该组件内部依赖了apache-poi组件的4.1.2版本;

<!-- 基础框架组件 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
</dependency>

<!-- Excel组件 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
    <version>${easyexcel.version}</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

三、上传下载

在配置文件中,添加max-file-size单个文件大小限制和max-request-size请求最大限制两个核心参数;

需要说明的一点是:如何设定参数值的大小,与业务场景和服务器的处理能力都有关系,在测试的过程中优化即可;

spring:
  # 文件配置
  servlet:
    multipart:
      enabled: true
      # 文件单个限制
      max-file-size: 10MB
      # 请求最大限制
      max-request-size: 20MB

这里提供一个文件批量上传接口和一个文件下载接口,把文件管理在工程中的resources/file目录下,下载接口中需要指定该目录下的文件名称;

@RestController
public class FileWeb {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FileWeb.class);
    @Resource
    private FileService fileService ;

    /**
     * 文件上传
     */
    @PostMapping("/file/upload")
    public String upload (HttpServletRequest request,
                          @RequestParam("file") MultipartFile[] fileList) throws Exception {
        String uploadUser = request.getParameter("uploadUser");
        if (uploadUser.isEmpty()){
            return "upload-user is empty";
        }
        logger.info("upload-user:{}",uploadUser);
        for (MultipartFile multipartFile : fileList) {
            // 解析文件信息和保存
            fileService.dealFile(multipartFile);
        }
        return "success" ;
    }
    /**
     * 文件下载
     */
    @GetMapping("/file/download")
    public void upload (@RequestParam("fileName") String fileName,
                        HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        if (!fileName.isBlank()){
            String filePath = ResourceUtils.getURL("m1-04-boot-file/src/main/resources/file").getPath();
            File file = new File(filePath,fileName) ;
            response.setHeader("Content-Disposition",
                    "attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(fileName, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            response.setContentType("application/octet-stream");
            Files.copy(Paths.get(file.getPath()), response.getOutputStream());
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 文件服务类
 */
@Service
public class FileService {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FileService.class);

    public void dealFile (MultipartFile multipartFile) throws Exception {
        logger.info("Name >> {}",multipartFile.getName());
        logger.info("OriginalFilename >> {}",multipartFile.getOriginalFilename());
        logger.info("ContentType >> {}",multipartFile.getContentType());
        logger.info("Size >> {}",multipartFile.getSize());
        // 文件输出地址
        String filePath = ResourceUtils.getURL("m1-04-boot-file/src/main/resources/file").getPath();
        File writeFile = new File(filePath, multipartFile.getOriginalFilename());
        multipartFile.transferTo(writeFile);
    }
}

使用Postman测试文件批量上传接口:

四、Excel文件

基于easyexcel组件中封装的EasyExcel工具类,继承自EasyExcelFactory工厂类,实现Excel单个或多个Sheet的创建,并且在单个Sheet中写多个Table数据表;

@Service
public class ExcelService {
    /**
     * Excel-写单个Sheet
     */
    public static void writeSheet () throws Exception {
        // 文件处理
        String basePath = getAbsolutePath();
        File file = new File(basePath+"/easy-excel-01.xlsx") ;
        checkOrCreateFile(file);
        // 执行写操作
        EasyExcel.write(file).head(DataVO.class)
                .sheet(0,"用户信息").doWrite(DataVO.getSheet1List());
    }
    /**
     * Excel-写多个Sheet
     */
    public static void writeSheets () throws Exception {
        // 文件处理
        String basePath = getAbsolutePath();
        File file = new File(basePath+"/easy-excel-02.xlsx") ;
        checkOrCreateFile(file);
        ExcelWriter excelWriter = null;
        try {
            excelWriter = EasyExcel.write(file).build();
            // Excel-Sheet1
            WriteSheet writeSheet1 = EasyExcel.writerSheet(0,"分页1").head(DataVO.class).build();
            // Excel-Sheet2
            WriteSheet writeSheet2 = EasyExcel.writerSheet(1,"分页2").head(DataVO.class).build();
            // Excel-Sheet3,写两个Table
            WriteSheet writeSheet3 = EasyExcel.writerSheet(2,"分页3").build();
            WriteTable dataTable = EasyExcel.writerTable(0).head(DataVO.class).build();
            WriteTable dataExtTable = EasyExcel.writerTable(1).head(DataExtVO.class).build();
            // 执行写操作
            excelWriter.write(DataVO.getSheet1List(), writeSheet1);
            excelWriter.write(DataVO.getSheet2List(), writeSheet2);
            excelWriter.write(DataVO.getSheet1List(),writeSheet3,dataTable) ;
            excelWriter.write(DataExtVO.getSheetList(),writeSheet3,dataExtTable) ;
        } catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (excelWriter != null){
                excelWriter.close();
            }
        }
    }
}

/**
 * 实体类,这里的注解会解析为Excel中的表头
 */
public class DataVO {
    @ExcelProperty("编号")
    private Integer id ;
    @ExcelProperty("名称")
    private String name ;
    @ExcelProperty("手机号")
    private String phone ;
    @ExcelProperty("城市")
    private String cityName ;
    @ExcelProperty("日期")
    private Date date ;
}

文件效果:

对于读取Excel文件来说,则需要根据具体的样式来定了,在easyexcel组件中还可以添加读取过程的监听器;

@Service
public class ExcelService {
    /**
     * Excel-读取数据
     */
    public static void readExcel () throws Exception {
        // 文件处理
        String basePath = getAbsolutePath();
        File file = new File(basePath+"/easy-excel-01.xlsx") ;
        if (!file.exists()){
            return ;
        }
        // 读取数据
        List<DataVO> dataList = EasyExcel.read(file).head(DataVO.class)
                .sheet(0).headRowNumber(1).doReadSync();
        dataList.forEach(System.out::println);
    }
    /**
     * Excel-读取数据使用解析监听器
     */
    public static void readExcelListener () throws Exception {
        // 文件处理
        String basePath = getAbsolutePath();
        File file = new File(basePath+"/easy-excel-01.xlsx") ;
        if (!file.exists()){
            return ;
        }
        // 读取数据,并且使用解析监听器
        DataListener dataListener = new DataListener() ;
        List<DataVO> dataSheetList = EasyExcel.read(file,dataListener).head(DataVO.class)
                .sheet(0).headRowNumber(1).doReadSync();
        dataSheetList.forEach(System.out::println);
    }
}

继承AnalysisEventListener类,并重写其中的方法,可以监听Excel的解析过程,或者添加一些自定义的处理逻辑;

public class DataListener extends AnalysisEventListener<DataVO> {
    /**
     * 接收解析的数据块
     */
    @Override
    public void invoke(DataVO data, AnalysisContext context) {
        System.out.println("DataListener:"+data);
    }
    /**
     * 接收解析的表头
     */
    @Override
    public void invokeHeadMap(Map<Integer, String> headMap, AnalysisContext context) {
        System.out.println("DataListener:"+headMap);
    }

    @Override
    public void doAfterAllAnalysed(AnalysisContext context) {
        System.out.println("DataListener:after...all...analysed");
    }
}

实际上Excel文件的导入导出,原理与文件的上传下载类似,只不过这里使用easyexcel组件中的API来直接处理Excel的写和读;

@RestController
public class ExcelWeb {

    @GetMapping("excel/download")
    public void download(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
        response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String fileName = URLEncoder.encode("Excel数据", StandardCharsets.UTF_8).replaceAll("\\+", "%20");
        response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename*=utf-8''" + fileName + ".xlsx");
        EasyExcel.write(response.getOutputStream(), DataVO.class).sheet("用户").doWrite(DataVO.getSheet1List());
    }

    @ResponseBody
    @PostMapping("excel/upload")
    public String upload(@RequestParam("file") MultipartFile file) throws IOException {
        List<DataVO> dataList = EasyExcel
                .read(file.getInputStream(), DataVO.class, new DataListener()).sheet().doReadSync();
        dataList.forEach(System.out::println);
        return "success";
    }
}

使用Postman测试单个Excel上传接口:

五、参考源码

文档仓库:
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-java-note

源码仓库:
https://gitee.com/cicadasmile/butte-spring-parent