【代理是什么?】nginx快速入门+反向代理hexo个人博客
阅读原文时间:2023年07月08日阅读:2

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目录


  • 什么是nginx?

    Nginx是一款轻量级的Web 服务器/反向代理服务器及电子邮件(IMAP/POP3)代理服务器。特点是占有内存少,并发能力特别强。

  • nginx作用?

    http代理,如:正向代理、反向代理


本文有两个版本,详细版、简洁版

前者适合新手,后者适合老手(方便大家查找,从而过滤掉某些步骤,节约时间成本) 所以大家按需查看哟。

详细版

简洁版

简洁版:包含所有步骤,以及命令的执行过程(适合新手)

简洁版:只包含命令(适合有一定熟练度的人)


正向代理

  • 客户端--->代理服务器--->访问的域名--->访问的服务器

  • 客户端<---代理服务器<---访问的域名<---访问的服务器

    简单总结:正向代理是到客户端

举个栗子:我们打韩服的LOL有延迟,我们就可以找一个代理(香港的vpn),代理访问国外的服务器,然后返回给代理,最后返回给我们。可以理解成加速器。

反向代理

  • 客户端--->访问的域名--->代理服务器--->访问的服务器

  • 客户端<---访问的域名<---代理服务器<---访问的服务器

    简单总结:反向代理是到服务端

举个栗子:我们在访问百度的时候一直都是www.baidu.com这个域名,其实域名后面有很多服务器(ip地址),访问域名-->代理服务器后到百度的服务器,最后返回给我们html页面。


系统

Vcpu

Memory

网卡类型

centos7

2

4

NAT模式

没有hexo博客环境看这里:还不会搭建博客吗?centos7系统部署hexo博客新手入门-进阶,看这一篇就够了_小叶的技术Logs的博客-CSDN博客

入门:搭建步骤

配置阿里云epel源:

[root@localhost ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo  #下载epel源,否则没有nginx包
--2022-04-18 21:54:35--  http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 113.207.38.89, 113.207.38.90, 113.207.38.85, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|113.207.38.89|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 664 [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo’

100%[======================================================================================>] 664         --.-K/s   in 0s

2022-04-18 21:54:36 (131 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo’ saved [664/664]

yum安装nginx:

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y nginx  #yum安装nginx软件
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-9.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = 1:1.20.1-9.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libssl.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_0)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libssl.so.1.1(OPENSSL_1_1_1)(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: redhat-indexhtml for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcrypto.so.1.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libssl.so.1.1()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64

启动nginx:

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disabel firewalld  #关闭防火墙、开机不自启防火墙
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0  #临时关闭selinux
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nginx #启动nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nginx #开机自启nginx

浏览器验证访问nginx如图所示:

配置default.conf文件

实现反向代理:

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf  # 如果没有conf.d目录需要创建,默认我们这里下载的nginx版本没有default.conf,创建即可

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
           # root   html;
           # index  index.html index.htm;
           proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:4000;  #http根/目录,代理到http://127.0.0.1:4000
        }
}

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx

最后验证

你会发现直接浏览器输入ip,不输入4000端口也实现了访问

over如下图所示:

[root@localhost ~]# yum remove -y nginx  #yum卸载nginx
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-9.el7 will be erased
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================================================================
 Package                    Arch                        Version                                Repository                  Size
================================================================================================================================
Removing:
 nginx                      x86_64                      1:1.20.1-9.el7                         @epel                      1.7 M

Transaction Summary
================================================================================================================================
Remove  1 Package

Installed size: 1.7 M
Downloading packages:
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Erasing    : 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64                                                                                  1/1
warning: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf saved as /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.rpmsave
  Verifying  : 1:nginx-1.20.1-9.el7.x86_64                                                                                  1/1

Removed:
  nginx.x86_64 1:1.20.1-9.el7

Complete!

[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/nginx*  #删除相关配置文件目录

搭建步骤

 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
 yum install -y nginx
 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disabel firewalld
浏览器 验证

[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nginx
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
           # root   html;
           # index  index.html index.htm;
           proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:4000;
        }
}
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
浏览器 验证

卸载

[root@localhost ~]*# yum remove -y nginx*
[root@localhost ~]*# rm -rf /etc/nginx**