记一次 .NET 某妇产医院 WPF内存溢出分析
阅读原文时间:2021年12月10日阅读:1

1. 讲故事

上个月有位朋友通过博客园的短消息找到我,说他的程序存在内存溢出情况,寻求如何解决。

要解决还得通过 windbg 分析啦。

1. 为什么会内存溢出

大家都知道内存溢出对应着 .NET 中的 OutOfMemoryException 异常,这种异常有可能是托管代码手工抛出的,也有可能是CLR层面抛出的,言外之意就是可以通过两种方式排查。

  • 托管线程是否挂载着异常?

    0:000> !t
    ThreadCount: 23
    UnstartedThread: 0
    BackgroundThread: 5
    PendingThread: 0
    DeadThread: 17
    Hosted Runtime: no
    Lock
    ID OSID ThreadOBJ State GC Mode GC Alloc Context Domain Count Apt Exception
    0 1 362c 00fac868 26020 Preemptive 7ED701A0:00000000 00fa6b60 0 STA
    5 2 2d70 00fbeba0 2b220 Preemptive 7EBA7AC0:00000000 00fa6b60 0 MTA (Finalizer)
    7 3 3264 061c8890 102a220 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 MTA (Threadpool Worker)
    17 15 3f98 19682b90 202b220 Preemptive 7EBB0830:00000000 00fa6b60 0 MTA
    XXXX 16 0 2845fb00 35820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn
    18 14 a7c 2842b1c8 202b220 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 MTA
    XXXX 6 0 2c9b3778 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 18 0 288a1318 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 23 0 288a22f0 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 10 0 2ccf3550 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 21 0 288a1860 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 12 0 288a1da8 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 11 0 2c993640 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 8 0 2ccf3a98 35820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn
    XXXX 9 0 2ccf2030 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 7 0 2c9aed88 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 26 0 28898308 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 25 0 2c492c68 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 4 0 2c993b88 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 20 0 2c9af2d0 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 17 0 2c9afd60 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    XXXX 24 0 2c9b1280 1039820 Preemptive 00000000:00000000 00fa6b60 0 Ukn (Threadpool Worker)
    23 22 2658 2c9b02a8 1029220 Preemptive 7ED5BFF8:00000000 00fa6b60 0 MTA (Threadpool Worker)

从输出信息看,这些线程并没有挂载任何托管异常,我去。。。

  • 是否在 CLR 上抛出

这主要是看 托管堆(heap) 上的内存分配或者gc回收造成的内存不足,可以用 !ao 命令。

0:000> !ao
There was no managed OOM due to allocations on the GC heap

从输出信息看也没有任何异常,尴尬了。。。 尼玛,那到底是因为什么呢?

2. 探索溢出原因

出现这种尴尬情况,我只能怀疑生成这个dump的时候并没有get到那个点,或者是我的知识边界有限,不过天无绝人之路,不在那个 也肯定在那个 附近,对吧,接下来用 !address -summary 看一下内存使用的归类信息。

0:000> !address -summary

--- Usage Summary ---------------- RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal
<unknown>                              1520          4c185000 (   1.189 GB)  65.57%   59.45%
Image                                  4306          1f140000 ( 497.250 MB)  26.78%   24.28%
Free                                   1133           bf17000 ( 191.090 MB)            9.33%
Heap                                    617           7626000 ( 118.148 MB)   6.36%    5.77%
Stack                                    72           1740000 (  23.250 MB)   1.25%    1.14%
Other                                    34             7b000 ( 492.000 kB)   0.03%    0.02%
TEB                                      24             30000 ( 192.000 kB)   0.01%    0.01%
PEB                                       1              3000 (  12.000 kB)   0.00%    0.00%

--- Type Summary (for busy) ------ RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal
MEM_MAPPED                              549          34b60000 ( 843.375 MB)  45.42%   41.18%
MEM_PRIVATE                            1718          20424000 ( 516.141 MB)  27.80%   25.20%
MEM_IMAGE                              4307          1f155000 ( 497.332 MB)  26.78%   24.28%

--- State Summary ---------------- RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal
MEM_COMMIT                             4904          66ddd000 (   1.607 GB)  88.64%   80.37%
MEM_RESERVE                            1670           d2fc000 ( 210.984 MB)  11.36%   10.30%
MEM_FREE                               1133           bf17000 ( 191.090 MB)            9.33%

--- Protect Summary (for commit) - RgnCount ----------- Total Size -------- %ofBusy %ofTotal
PAGE_READONLY                          2272          382cf000 ( 898.809 MB)  48.41%   43.89%
PAGE_READWRITE                         1572          1eead000 ( 494.676 MB)  26.64%   24.15%
PAGE_EXECUTE_READ                       218           dd59000 ( 221.348 MB)  11.92%   10.81%
PAGE_WRITECOPY                          449           133e000 (  19.242 MB)   1.04%    0.94%
PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE                  188            ab4000 (  10.703 MB)   0.58%    0.52%
PAGE_NOACCESS                           156             9c000 ( 624.000 kB)   0.03%    0.03%
PAGE_READWRITE | PAGE_GUARD              48             78000 ( 480.000 kB)   0.03%    0.02%
PAGE_READWRITE | PAGE_WRITECOMBINE        1              2000 (   8.000 kB)   0.00%    0.00%

--- Largest Region by Usage ----------- Base Address -------- Region Size ----------
<unknown>                                   1d200000           a001000 ( 160.004 MB)
Image                                        fed1000           36e4000 (  54.891 MB)
Free                                        33dfe000           1082000 (  16.508 MB)
Heap                                        3da84000            a1b000 (  10.105 MB)
Stack                                        1a10000             fd000 (1012.000 kB)
Other                                       7fa40000             33000 ( 204.000 kB)
TEB                                           a4c000              3000 (  12.000 kB)
PEB                                           a3d000              3000 (  12.000 kB)

从上面的 MEM_COMMIT=1.607 GB 80.37% 信息看,当前内存占用 1.6G,占比 80.37%,可以看出它受到了一个 2G内存 的限制,而且从 !t 输出中的内存地址看,当前是 32bit 程序,所以这是一个经典的: 64系统跑着32位程序被2G内存限制 的问题。

3. 如何突破 2G 限制

要寻找答案,还得看最权威的 MSDN: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/memory/memory-limits-for-windows-releases?redirectedfrom=MSDN

破局 还得设置程序的 IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE 标记。

关于具体怎么设置,我找了三种方法。

  • 使用 LargeAddressAware 安装包

参见 github: https://github.com/KirillOsenkov/LargeAddressAware

  • 使用 editbin

可以在 vs 的生成事件中输入 editbin /largeaddressaware $(TargetPath)

  • 使用代码方式

这种可以直接给生成好的 exe 增加 LargeAddressAware 标记,除了标记,还能检测,

using System;
using System.IO;

namespace PEFile
{
    public class LargeAddressAware
    {
        public static bool IsLargeAddressAware(string filePath)
        {
            bool isLargeAddressAware = false;
            PrepareStream(filePath, (stream, binaryReader) => isLargeAddressAware = (binaryReader.ReadInt16() & 0x20) != 0);
            return isLargeAddressAware;
        }

        public static void SetLargeAddressAware(string filePath)
        {
            PrepareStream(filePath, (stream, binaryReader) =>
            {
                var value = binaryReader.ReadInt16();
                if ((value & 0x20) == 0)
                {
                    value = (short)(value | 0x20);
                    stream.Position -= 2;
                    var binaryWriter = new BinaryWriter(stream);
                    binaryWriter.Write(value);
                    binaryWriter.Flush();
                }
            });
        }

        private static void PrepareStream(string filePath, Action<Stream, BinaryReader> action)
        {
            using (var stream = new FileStream(filePath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.Read))
            {
                if (stream.Length < 0x3C)
                {
                    return;
                }

                var binaryReader = new BinaryReader(stream);

                // MZ header
                if (binaryReader.ReadInt16() != 0x5A4D)
                {
                    return;
                }

                stream.Position = 0x3C;
                var peHeaderLocation = binaryReader.ReadInt32();

                stream.Position = peHeaderLocation;

                // PE header
                if (binaryReader.ReadInt32() != 0x4550)
                {
                    return;
                }

                stream.Position += 0x12;

                action(stream, binaryReader);
            }
        }
    }
}

更多办法参考: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/639540/how-much-memory-can-a-32-bit-process-access-on-a-64-bit-operating-system

总的来说,2G 内存限制 是一个 32bit 程序所必须面对的问题,知道了就好解决了,最后有一个问题要解释下,为什么 commit 内存高达 1.6G,这是因为医疗类的软件,大多是 FastReport + DevExpress 这些重量级的经典搭配以及大量的图片资源占用了太多 native memory。

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